Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) Detector SEM typical magnification - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) Detector SEM typical magnification - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 24, 2023 116 likes •392 views

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) Detector SEM typical magnification range used : 35 10,000X Singapore Test Services Advancing Towards New Frontiers 1 Ductile Fracture Features Singapore

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Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) Detector

SEM – typical magnification range used : 35 – 10,000X

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Ductile Fracture Features

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Brittle Fracture Features

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Fatigue Failure (Brittle) Features

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Features of Chloride-induced Stress Corrosion Cracking (CSCC)

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EDX Analysis for Identification of Materials

Cu-Zn alloy – Brass Fe-C-Cr-Mn alloy – Low Alloy Steel Wear debris for material identification

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EDX Analysis for Identification of Contaminants

Clean, normal surface region Cracked, contaminated surface region Surface with cracks and contamination

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Positive Material Identification Drillings for “Wet’ Analysis Arc-spark Spectroscopy

Quantitative Chemical Composition Analysis

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Tensile Testing

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Impact Testing Hardness Testing

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CUTTING MOUNTING POLISHING MICROSCOPY

Metallography

Optical Microscope

  • Mag. Range: 50 – 1,000X

Automatic Grinder/Polisher Cut-off Machine Mounted specimens

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Metallographic Prep. of a Bolt Sample

As-received bolt sample After sectioning longitudinally After mounting, grinding & polishing After etching

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Optical Microscope Examination of Bolt Sample

Crest Root Threads

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Microindentation Hardness Testing

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Brittle versus Ductile Fracture

Brittle Ductile

Little or no deformation Significant deformation

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Ductile Fracture – SEM Fractography

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Ductile Fracture – Microstructural Features

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Example of a shaft that had fractured in a ductile manner based on visual, SEM and metallographic examinations

Service Loading Within Limit Exceeded Limit Tensile Strength Below spec Meets spec

The four possible failure situations will each require corrective actions or recommendations different from the others. Therefore, it is important to correctly diagnose the cause(s) of failure for the appropriate corrective action to be taken.

(1) Failure due to non- compliant material. Use compliant material. (2) Failure due to combination of non-compliant material and non-compliant loading. Correct both conditions. (3) Failure due to overload. Operate within specified limit; how about using higher strength material? (4) Possibility of inadequate design. Failure history would reveal multiple failures – review design.

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Summary

1. Do not jump to conclusions. Rather, have a mental workout – apply critical thinking, explore all the possibilities, and form the hypotheses. 2. Perform lab investigation in accordance with established practices. Consult authoritative publications for technical information/data. 3. Do the background information and the findings/evidence from lab investigations support the hypotheses?

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