Results from an Industrial-Size Biogas-Fed Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Results from an Industrial-Size Biogas-Fed Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 13, 2023 102 likes •349 views

DEMOSOFC Project: Results from an Industrial-Size Biogas-Fed Solid Oxide Fuel Cell plant The DEMOSOFC EU project Electricity Heat Anaerobic digestion for Internal Combustion Engine Solid Oxide Fuel Cell or Micro Gas Turbine biogas

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DEMOSOFC Project: Results from an Industrial-Size Biogas-Fed Solid Oxide Fuel Cell plant

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The DEMOSOFC EU project

POLITECNICO DI TORINO (IT): project coordinator CONVION (FI): SOFC technology provider SMAT (IT): WWTP owner / end-user of electricity and thermal energy VTT (FI): performance evaluation IMPERIAL COLLEGE (UK): business analysis

This project has received funding from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 671470. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, Hydrogen Europe and Hydrogen Europe research.

Anaerobic digestion for biogas production Internal Combustion Engine

  • r Micro Gas Turbine

Electricity Heat Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

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  • Medium

um size e WWTP

  • Entering load: 180’000 P.E.
  • # 50 for entering load among all IT WWTPs
  • Previous biogas exploitation: boiler for anaerobic digester heating and flare

The site: SMAT Collegno Waste Water Treatment Plant

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SOFC: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Hi High h electri rical effici ciency ncy (50-60%) Near-ze zero emiss ssions ns to atmosph sphere re (NOx, SOx, PM, VOC) Modular r concept pt: : performance are kept constant from kW to MW size

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The DEMOSOFC plant

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Plant layout

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C64 C64 CKC C64 C64 CKC S1 S2 S3

Biogas purification system

Requ quired ed purifica icatio tion n level el for SOFC H2S: 30 ppb Siloxanes: 10 ppb

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Biogas purification system

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Plant layout

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The SOFC modules

  • Fuel flexibility (NG+biogas)
  • Black box for the end-user, easy to install&operate

Inlet flows:

  • Biogas @ 4 bar
  • Ambient air
  • Compressed air (start-up)
  • N-H mix purge gas (stand-by)

Outlet flows:

  • Electrical power
  • Thermal power
  • Exhaust gas (CO2 + H2O)
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Electrical layout: island mode operation

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NOMINAL OPERATION

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ISLAND MODE

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Results

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Biogas quality – online gas analyzer

→ Raw biogas analysis

H2S (ppm) Si (mgSi/m3) CH4 (%) Average 31.561 4.065 62.493 Min. 1.833 0.000 56.038 Max. 71.048 9.429 68.114

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 H2S (ppm), Si (mgSi/m3) Measurement # H2S Si

Nov- Dec 2017 Feb- Mar 2018 Apr - Jun 2018 Sep - Dec 2018 Feb 2019 - ongoing

55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 1 51 101 151 201 251 301 351 CH4 (%) Measurement #

68.1% 58.1%

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SOFC – Electrical & Total efficiency

100% 50%

  • Until May 27th, more than 7500 hours of operation onsite have

been reached (+1000h @ Convion facilities)

  • Electrical power production: 322’526 kWhel
  • Thermal recovery for sludge pre-heating: 195’085 kWhth

Causes for downtime

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Emissions from SOFC

(onsite analysis done by on Dec 2017)

1: Limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from medium combustion plants (MCP-directive), DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2193 2: Industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (IED-directive), DIRECTIVE 2010/75/EU 3: Air quality in Europe — 2016 report, EEA Report No 28/2016

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Future perspectives & Conclusions

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  • P.E. : People Equivalent –

corresponds to a BOD5 equal to 60 g of oxygen per day

  • Number of Active WWTPs

in Europe: 23’423 (with loading or capacity data available)

  • Minimum entering load

suitable for biogas production: 20’000 P.E. (40 kW SOFC) → 19 % of total WWTPS

Waste Water Treatment Plant in Europe

Urban Waste Water Treatment map https://eea.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=7fa4f0267d8249888b077803714e39fe&embed=true#

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SOFC market potential in Europe

50 100 150 200 250 XS S M L XL

XS

20,000-60,000 P.E. 25 – 80 kW

S

60,001-150,000 P.E 80 – 200 kW

M

150,001-350,000 P.E. 200 – 500 kW

L

350,001-750,000 P.E. 500 - 1000 kW

XL

>750,0000 1000 - 1500 kW

1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 XS S M L XL

Installed MWel Number of plants

EU potential biogas production 1.86 - 5.44 billion m3/y EU potential SOFC Power installed 930 - 2550 MWel

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Which could be the price of an SOFC system?

Power

  • utput (kW)

100 250 500 1000 Cost of electricity (€/kWh) 0.123 € 0.102 € 0.099 € 0.094 €

SOFC-CHP system investment cost to have the same Cost of Electricity of the ICE case study

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Conclusions

→ The DEMOSOFC plant has demonstrated the

advantages of the waste-to-energy process by coupling sewage biogas and SOFCs.

→ SOFCs could become a best practice for

electricity production from biogas:

  • Higher electrical and lower thermal

production (usually unexploited);

  • Zero pollutants to atmosphere (important

especially in urban areas).

→ Small-medium size plants are a niche starting

market for the technology because of the higher benefits compared to ICEs and biomethane. The replication potential is huge.

→ Because of their modulation capability, SOFC

could work in grid balancing and in micro-grids, together with renewables.

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Thank you

www.demosofc.eu Steps POLITO Steps POLITO Steps POLITO https://demosofc.wordpress.com

Come and visit us the DEMOSOFC site!

This project has received funding from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 671470. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, Hydrogen Europe and Hydrogen Europe research.