3 rd Biogas Asia Pacific Forum Developing A Biogas Hub In - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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3 rd Biogas Asia Pacific Forum Developing A Biogas Hub In - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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3 rd Biogas Asia Pacific Forum Developing A Biogas Hub In Commercialization Biogas For Asia 2 4 th June 2014 JW Marriot Hotel Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Opportunities for Biogas as an Alternative NGV Fuel by Lee Giok Seng Executive Director

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Opportunities for Biogas as an Alternative NGV Fuel

by Lee Giok Seng Executive Director

3rd Biogas Asia Pacific Forum

Developing A Biogas Hub In Commercialization Biogas For Asia 2 – 4th June 2014 JW Marriot Hotel Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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SLIDE 2

Asia Pacific Natural Gas Vehicles Association (ANGVA)

  • Trade association for NGV

industry.

  • Vision: “To lead and promote

Asia Pacific NGV industry towards sustainable growth”.

  • Promote natural gas as an

environmentally friendly, economically viable, and energy security fuel for the Transport Sector.

  • Provide platforms for

development and promotion

  • f NGV markets.
  • Secretariat: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Website: www.angva.org.
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SLIDE 3

Natural Gas Vehicles

  • Natural gas was first used as a

transportation fuel in Italy in the 1930s after World War II. Around 80 years ago.

  • Worldwide there are around 18.1 million

natural gas vehicles and 24,400 refuelling stations in 83 countries.

  • Most of the natural gas vehicles are

located in the Asia Pacific region.

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SLIDE 4

Estimated Number of NGV Vehicles in Asia Pacific and Worldwide (Jan ‘14)

No. Country Total Vehicles

  • No. of

Stations

Remarks

1 IR of Iran 3500000 2074

Sept ‘13

2 Pakistan 2790000 2997

Mar ‘13

3 China 1577000 2800

May ‘13

4 India 1500000 724

Feb ‘13

5 Uzbekistan 450000 213

June ‘13

6 Thailand 441185 491

Jan ‘14

7 Bangladesh 220000 585

Apr ‘13

8 Malaysia 58000 176

Apr ‘14

9 Japan 42590 314

Mar ‘13

10 Korea 35872 190

Jan ‘12

11 Myanmar 30005 51

May ‘12

12 Tajikistan 10600 53

Dec ’07

13 Kyrgyzstan 6000 6

Dec ’07

14 Indonesia 6366 14

Jan ‘14

15 Singapore 5300 3

Dec ‘11

16 Australia 3500 51

Oct ‘11

17 United Arab Emirates 2800 17

Jan ‘14

18 Vietnam 462 7

July ‘12

19 New Zealand 201 14

Dec ‘10

20 Philippines 61 2

Oct ‘11

21 Kazakhstan 3200 10

Dec ‘11

1,068,3952 10,869

(Source: Asian NGV Communications & GVR magazines & Others)

Natural Gas Vehicles NGV Stations World ~18.1 million ~24,400 Asia Pacific ~10.7 million ~10,870

██ Asia Pacific Region – 58 Countries

(Asia Pacific region comprises of countries in the United Nations Asian Regional Group and Australasia).

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SLIDE 5

Example of NGV Refuelling Stations

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SLIDE 6

Asia Pacific Will See The Most Growth in Heavy Duty Transportation Demand Through 2040

Source: The Outlook For Energy: A View to 2040. ExxonMobil 2013

Asia Pacific

North America Europe Latin America Middle East Rest of World

  • Transportation demand in

Asia Pacific will double by 2040

  • As economies expand and

spur business activity, heavy duty vehicles will create greatest growth – up about 65 % from 2010 to 2040.

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SLIDE 7

World Health Organization (WHO) Classified Diesel Engine Exhaust As Carcinogenic

Note: Group 1 - The agent is carcinogenic to humans: This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans.

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SLIDE 8

Opportunity for Biogas As Renewable Natural Gas Fuel For The Transport Sector

  • Transport sector consumed around 30 – 40 % of final

energy demand of a country, mainly Gasoline & Diesel.

  • As a country develops, demand for transport increases,

resulting in increase in demand for energy (gasoline & diesel) and air pollution (especially in cities).

  • Natural gas offers a cleaner, cheaper

and more secured source of energy for the transport sector (NGV). However, it is still a fossil source fuel.

  • Upgraded biogas can be a new source
  • f renewable and green fuel for the

transport sector – known as Biomethane or Renewable Natural Gas.

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SLIDE 9

Current Usage of Biogas

Anaerobic Digester Raw Biogas Biomass Feedstock

Biogas Production Biogas Utilization

Heat (burner, furnance, etc) Electricity (Biogas engine / Gen-set, etc) Mechanical Work (Biogas engine) Electricity Grid (Feed-

In-Tariff)

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SLIDE 10

Upgrading of Biogas to Biomethane

  • r Renewable Natural Gas

Contaminants Removal

Upgrading Technologies

H2S Removal CO2 Removal H2O Removal Anaerobic Digester Raw Biogas Biomass Feedstock

Biogas Production

Biomethane / Renewable Natural Gas

Upgraded Biogas

Upgraded to similar composition as fossil natural gas in the natural gas pipeline distribution systems.

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SLIDE 11

Upgrading Technologies Are Already In Operation And Commercially Available

  • Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA)

– purifies the gas by means of adsorption of impurities on active coal or zeolites.

  • Physical absorption

– water or another liquid such as alcohol can be used to bind carbon dioxide. When water is used, this is called water scrubbing or pressurised water wash (PWW).

  • Chemical Absorption

– chemical absorption is comparable to physical absorption. A liquid such as amine is chemically bonded to the carbon dioxide in order to recycle the solution, a heat treatment has to be applied.

  • Membrane

– methane can be separated from carbon dioxide using semi-permeable membranes. The force can be a pressure difference, a concentration gradient, or an electrical potential difference.

  • Cryogenic

– trace gases and carbon dioxide are removed by cooling down the gas in various temperature steps.

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SLIDE 12

Transportation, Distribution and Usage of Biomethane / Renewable Natural Gas

Biomethane / Renewable Natural Gas

Transportation & Distribution

Natural gas pipeline distribution system /grid Trailers (mother – daughter system) Commercial, Residential, etc Vehicles (NGV) Industries

Usage

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SLIDE 13

Transportation & Distribution

 Transport by CNG Trailers  Injection into the local Natural Gas

Distribution Pipeline System / Grid.

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SLIDE 14

Biomethane / Renewable Natural Gas Has Low Well-To-Wheel GHG Emissions

(Source: CONCAWE et al. Well-to-wheel analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in European context. 2007)

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Challenges

1. Biogas Production

  • Feedstock availability /

logistics / sustainability.

  • Pricing.

2. Upgrading Technologies

  • Suitability.
  • Gas quality / composition.
  • Pricing.

3. Transportation & Distribution

  • Grid injections.
  • Direct to customers.
  • Pricing.
  • Sustainability

Actions:

  • Public awareness

and appropriate legal framework.

  • Government

Policies, Supports & Incentives.

  • Business case

model for stakeholders (Return on Investments)

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SLIDE 16

Opportunity for Biogas As A Green & Renewable Fuel For The Transport Sector in Malaysia

Final Energy Consum ption, Transpor t, 36.8%… Final Energy Consum ption, Industri al, 29.8%… Final Energy Consum ption, Non- energy, 16.0%… Final Energy Consum ption, Resident ial & Comm… Final Energy Consum ption, Agricult ure, 2.3%, …

2012 Final Energy Consumption In Malaysia Transport Industrial Non-Energy Agriculture Residential & Commercial

Source: Malaysia Energy Information Hub.

1. Biogas Production – ample source of biogas. POME, MSW, Sewage. 2. Upgrading Technologies – commercially available in the market. 3. Transportation & Distribution – Gas distribution pipelines already in existence. Transport of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) by trailers (mother - daughter systems) to NGV stations already in

  • peration since 1992.
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NGV In Malaysia

Gasoline RON 95 RM/L Gasoline RON 97 RM/L Diesel RM/L NGV RM/LE Retail Price 2.10 2.90 2.00 0.68 Actual Price 2.81 2.90 2.76 ~ 1.68 Government Subsidy 0.71 0.76 * NGV Refuelling Stations

  • Operational – 176

(There are NGV stations in all states except Perlis, Sabah & Sarawak)

NGV Vehicles

  • Light Duty (mainly

taxis) ~ 57,200

  • Bus & Lorry ~ 800
  • Total = ~ 58,000

NGV Status as of April 2014 Automotive Fuels Retail Price in Malaysia, April 2014

*~RM1.00 ‘borne’ by PETRONAS.

  • The 58,000 NGVs is estimated to consume ~ 26 million liter equivalent of natural gas per

month, thus saving government subsidy on RON 95 Gasoline of ~ RM18.46 million/month .

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SLIDE 18

Tariff Category Applicable Range mmbtu/month (mmbtu/year) Tariff RM/mmbtu A 19.52 B 0 – 50 (0 – 600) 20.61 C 51 – 416 (601 – 5,000) 17.64 D 417 – 4,166 (5,001 – 50,000) 18.14 E 4,167 – 16,666 (50,001 – 200,000) 19.00 F 16,667 – 62,500 (200,001 – 750,000) 19.18 L

  • 62,500
  • (> 750,00)

19.65 AVERAGE 19.32

Malaysian Natural Gas Tariff & Automotive Fuels Retail Price

(Source: www.gasmalaysia.com)

RON 95 Gasoline (subsidize) RM 2.10 per litre ~ RM64.42 /mmbtu RON 95 Gasoline (Actual) RM 2.81 per litre ~ RM86.20 /mmbtu RON 97 Gasoline (Actual) RM 2.90 per litre ~ RM88.96 /mmbtu Diesel (subsidize) RM 2.00 per litre ~ RM54.05/mmbtu Diesel (Actual) RM 2.76 per litre ~ RM74.59/mmbtu NGV / CNG RM 0.68 per litre equivalent of gasoline ~ RM20.86 /mmbtu Natural Gas tariff rates as approved by government of Malaysia (Gas Malaysia Bhd) Automotive Fuels Retail Price As of April 2014

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SLIDE 19

Conclusion

  • Upgraded biogas (known as biomethane or Renewable

Natural Gas) can be a new source of renewable and green fuel for the transport sector (in the form of NGV).

  • The technologies to produce Biomethane / Renewable

Natural Gas are already in operation in many countries and existing natural gas infrastructures can be utilised to transport, distribute, and use this green gas.

  • Public awareness, appropriate legal framework, government

policies, supports & incentives, and business case model are needed to develop and grow a sustainable Biomethane / Renewable Natural Gas markets.

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SLIDE 20

THANK YOU

Asia Pacific Natural Gas Vehicles Association (ANGVA) Email: angva@angva.org Website: www.angva.org