Biogas Asia Pacific Forum 2015 Commercial Integration of the Biogas - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Biogas Asia Pacific Forum 2015 Commercial Integration of the Biogas Value Chain in Asia Opportunities and Challenges for All 28 30 th April 2015 Sunway Pyramid Convention Centre Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia The Importance of Protocols and
Lee Giok Seng Executive Director
Commercial Integration of the Biogas Value Chain in Asia – Opportunities and Challenges for All 28 – 30th April 2015 Sunway Pyramid Convention Centre Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
4
creates economic opportunities and growth.
– 40 % of final energy consumption, mainly in the form
country - oil supply and price are volatile and unpredictable.
vehicles major source of air pollutions especially in the cities.
Natural Gas Vehicles NGV Stations World ~21.6 million ~25,600 Asia Pacific ~11.4 million ~12,300
Ref: Asian NGV Communications & Others
Natural gas pipeline distribution system /grid Trailers (mother – daughter system)
Commercial, Residential, etc Vehicles (NGV) Industries
Fossil Natural Gas
Source: Gas & oil fields
Biomethane
Source: Upgraded Biogas Biomethane (also known as Renewable Natural Gas) is defined as methane produced from biomass (ISO 16559:2014), with properties close to natural
thermochemical conversion (bio-Synthetic Natural Gas)
to vehicles were larger than those from fossil natural gas.
a number of European Union (EU) countries. Between countries, there are differences in the targets and intended main markets e.g.
Finland, Iceland)
Natural gas pipeline distribution system /grid Trailers (mother – daughter system)
Vehicles (NGV)
NGV Refueling Stations
biomass production + provision conversion to biogas + upgrading to biomethane + conditioning end use grid injection + grid take-off hot spot for sustainability register and certification technical demands
support schemes
Ref: Biomethane – Status and Factors Affecting Market Development and Trade. A Joint Study by International Energy Agency (IEA) Bioenergy Task 40 and Task 37. September 2014.
Ref: Thrän et al. 2014. Biomethane – status and factors affecting market development and trade. IEA Task 40 and Task 37 Joint Study. September 2014.
forward the emergence, development and growth of biomethane .
are needed.
vehicles and renewable fuel quota systems are important.
important step is good information flow to the stakeholders and public.
attributes of biomethane such as Renewable Identification Number (RIN) credits under the USA Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) for the generation and use of biomethane as fuel for vehicles.
Agency (EPA) has established specific rules for determining biogas qualification for RINs.
their feed stocks and the physical connection from the biogas source to where it is upgraded and injected all the way to where the gas is extracted to produce CNG, LNG or electricity, contractual arrangements must also be demonstrated.
who along the process chain earns the RINs which provides market flexibility in the evolving business landscape.
8th Sept 2014. www.energylivenews.com
Biogas to slash its carbon footprint emissions by more than 6,400 tonnes. Over the past couple of years, M&S has worked tirelessly to improve its carbon efficiency and innovate in sustainability.
chain to provide certainty for those that buy it.
distribution grid, to any trades, to its sale to a consumer, or group of consumers. Tracks the contractual rather than physical flows to ensure there is no double-counting from production to end use.
gas sector and an incentive for gas producers to inject green gas into the grid instead of using it to generate electricity.
Assurance Ltd.
Ref: Thrän et al. 2014. Biomethane – status and factors affecting market development and trade. IEA Task 40 and Task 37 Joint Study. September 2014.
Ref: Andrew Hall, Xebec Adsorption. Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia. 17 Mar 2012.
16
For NGVs:
for vehicles. Part 1: Designation of the Quality.
fuel for vehicles. Part 2: Specification of the quality.
hydrocarbons, CO2, free oxygen, glycol/methanol, oil content and corrosive
containers on the vehicle. It does not apply to the natural gas delivered to a refuelling station.
(1994). (Under Annex 3 of UN ECE R110)
gas – Requirements and test methods.
engines (1999). Currently the only standard regulating direct utilisation of biomethane as fuel for vehicles.
For Natural Gas:
ISO 13686:2013 :- Natural gas - Quality designation
Austria France Germany Netherlands Sweden Switzerland
Property Unlimited Injection Limited injection CH4 > 96 % /
>97% >96% >50% CO2 < 3 % <2,5% 6% / <3% <4% <6% CO <2% / / / / / Total S < 10 mg/m³ < 30mg/m³ 30 mg/m³ <45 mg/m³ < 23 mg/m³ < 30mg/m³ < 30mg/m³ H2S < 5 mg/m³ < 5 mg/m³ (H2S+COS) 5 mg/m³ < 5 mg/m³ 10 ppm < 5 mg/m³ < 5 mg/m³ Mercaptans < 6 mg/m³ <6 mg/m³ 15 mg/m³ / / / / O2 < 0,5 % <0,01% <0,5% <0,5% <1% <0,5% <0,5% H2 < 4 % <6% 5 % / <0,5% <5% <5% H2O Water dew point
Water dew point <-5°C at MOP Water dew point: Ground temperature <32 mg/m³ <32 mg/m³ <60% <60% Hydrocarbon dew point 0°C at OP <-2°C (1-70 bar) Ground temperature / / / / Wobbe index 13,3 – 15,7 kWh/m³ 13,64-15,7 kWh/m³ for H gas 12,01-13 kWh/m³ for B gas 10,5 – 15,7 kWh/m³ 43,6-44,41 MJ/m³ 45,5-48,5 MJ/m³ 13,3-15,7 kWh/m³ / Pressure Pressure of pipeline to be injected into Gross calorific value 10,7-12,8 kWh/m³ 10,7-12,8 kWh/m³ for H gas 9,5-10,5 kWh/m³ for B gas / 35,1 MJ/m³ / 10,7-13,1 kWh/m³ / Relative density 0,55-0,65 0,555-0,70 / / / 0,55-0,70 / Odorant Gas to be
consumer 15-40 mg THT/m³ Gas to be odorized at consumer Gas to be
consumer / 15-25 mg THT/m³ 15-25 mg THT/m³ Impurities Technically pure Technically pure Technically pure Technically pure Halogenated compounds 0 mg/m³ < 1 mg Cl /m³ < 10 mg F /m³ nil < 25 mg Cl/m³ / / Ammonia Technically pure / / <3 mg/Nm³ <20 mg/Nm³ / / Dust Technically pure / No dust No dust Mercury < 1 μg/m³ / / / / / Benzene Siloxanes < 10 mg/m³
Ref: “Economic and technical aspects of biogases and their injection, growth potential for biomass/biogas in Germany – MARCOGAZ Recommendation “ by Uwe Klaas. DVGW e.V., Bonn, Germany. 2006.
natural gas sold in Finland - Finnish Ministry
for CNG. Drivers able to choose between fossil natural gas and biomethane.
choose to refuel with biomethane, allowing for up to 90% reduction of CO2 emissions compared to petrol.
from biowaste and domestically produced.
Russia.
Ref: NGVA Europe
First West of England, will
Cribbs Causeway to Stockwood from 25th March 2015.
300km on a full tank.
waste from more than 32,000 households in Avonmouth and Bristol will be converted into biomethane.
'poo buses' if the current plan becomes successful.
Bus powered by biomethane generated from treatment of human and household waste set to go into regular service on the roads of Britain.
Ref: www.automotive-bussiness-review.com
grids are well established in Europe and North America.
market forward. Framework should address technical standardization, sustainability certification, economic and management huddles.
renewable fuel quota systems are important.
needed.
environmental attributes of biomethane such as Renewable Identification Number (RIN) credits under the USA Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS).