CEE 370 Environmental Engineering Principles Lecture #21 Water - - PDF document

CEE 370 Lecture #21 10/28/2019 Lecture #21 Dave Reckhow 1

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CEE 370 Environmental Engineering Principles

Lecture #21 Water Resources & Hydrology I: Groundwater Reading: Mihelcic & Zimmerman, Chapter 7

Updated: 28 October 2019

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2 http://www.ec.gc.ca/water/images/nature/grdwtr/a5f2e.htm

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Subsurface Hydrology

 Aquifers

 Confined, unconfined, perched, artesian

 Saturated & unsaturated zone

 Capillary fringe

D&M: Fig 6-19

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Artesian vs unconfined

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Example

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Example A

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Hydraulic Gradient

 Example B

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More Definitions

 Aquiclude – impermeable layer  Aquitard – less permeable than aquifer  Isotropic – aquifer conditions same in all directions  Anisotropic – properties differ in different directions  Homogeneous – characteristics uniform at different

spatial locations

 Heterogeneous – characteristics non-uniform  Springs – areas where water table intersects ground

surface

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Question

 All else being equal, groundwater flows

fastest in an aquifer composed of:

• A. Sand
• B. Loam
• C. Silt
• D. Clay
• E. Granite

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Hydraulic Conductivity

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7-25

Hydraulic Conductivity

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