LANDSCAPE STRATEGIES FOR URBAN GROWTH Meliz AKYOL Visiting Scholar at UCSB (Advisor: Prof. Keith Clarke) Res. Assist./ PhD Candidate Department of Landscape Architecture Faculty of Architecture , Istanbul Technical University (ITU)
OBJECTIVES - Revealing Urban Agriculture Concept Criteria - Developing a Design Scheme - Mapping Agricultural Lands in Istanbul
BACKGROUND Rapid urbanization all around the world became a phenomenon. According to United Nations forecasts, by 2050 nearly %80 of the global population will live in cities. -To feed a city of this size, 6 000 tones of food must be imported every day. “Nothing endures but change.” - Heraclitus
BACKGROUND -Decrease in the percentage of public spaces -Decline in quality of life and health, -Changes in eating habit, -Stress on fresh food supplies, -Lack of awareness on natural degradation.
URBAN AGRICULTURE -Improves the relationship between city and nature, -Works as a source of additional income and improves the quality of life, -Gives direct access to fresher and cheaper food, reduces the energy that is used for transportation, -Contributes the green space for public use, -Provides available spaces to educate children about nature, -Supports the development of cities in social and ecological way. According to Mougeot (2000), urban agriculture is the agriculture that is practiced in areas close to urban centers, using primarily urban-based resources to provide the urban population with certain services.
TYPES OF URBAN AGRICULTURE PRACTICES Urban Agriculture practices can vary in three major concepts: Community Gardens Allotment Gardens City Farms Melmo Allotment Gradens- Sweden Creekside Community Garden The Mıddlesbrough Brooklyn Urban Farmıng Project
URBAN AGRICULTURE TYPOLOGIES (Akyol, 2011. Evolutıon of urban agrıculture concept and determınatıon of desıgn crıterıa ) Allotment gardens Community gardens City farms Inner urban area Urban-urban firnge (vacant lots, Urban fringe Location unexploited area within educational or health facilities). Up to 1000 m 2 1000-5000 m 2 More than 10.000 m 2 Size Ownership State owned or private (rented to State owned, Association owned, Individual, Association owned, management) Charity owned Land trusts, and Local authorities Management Lease holders (individuals, families). An organizing group of individuals Voluntary workers, who volunteer for working. Paid employees Individuals, families who manage the Volunteer workers and individuals in Citizens who come to buy the products. Consumer land. neighborhood. (They produce for trade and small- scale consumption by producers) Access to the Limited Open for access. (The Semi limited.(Open for educational, entrance hours depends on the sports, and community activities). garden/farm (The land belongs to the holder during organization community rules). the rent period) Raising beds, warehouse. Compost Open and undercover cultivation areas, Open and undercover cultivation areas, Features area Warehouses, lawn, Community accommodation, recreational and gathering squares, compost area, resting areas, Educetion activity places (for school children, and students), Little recreation(small pond or lawn Sport facilities (horse riding club).Sales with seasonal flowers) area (for selling products) Products Vegetable, fruit, ornamental plants Vegetable, fruit, ornamental plants Any kind of plant and animal production. Purpose To supply cultivator or family, hoby To supply food for community, hobby, Trade, education, food supply, social social gathering. gathering, sports and recreation.
Agricultural Distribution in the Uban Context
Classification of Urban Agriculture according to three UA concepts. This map represents existing agricultural lands and suitable lands for cultivation in Istanbul
District areas and agricultural areas in Istanbul and their proportional relations PLACE IN THE PROPORTION AGRICULTURAL AREA IN DISTRICT AREA (km 2 ) AGRICULTURAL DISTRICT NAME (District Area / THE DISTRICT (km 2 ) AREA ALIGNMENT Agricultural Area) 1 SILIVRI 867,74 505,97 % 58,3 2 CATALCA 1091,55 272,67 % 25 19 ESENLER 18,80 2,76 % 14,7 20 SISLI 34,87 1,78 % 5.10 39 BAYRAMPASA 9,50 0 % 0 38 BESIKTAS 18 0 % 0
CONCLUSION As a result , this study reveals an efficient agriculture map of Istanbul. This map can work as a gudeline for governmental institutions, and individuals who involve in the preparetion of development plans, and growth strategies. This study was applied in Istanbul but the distribution, and shape of agricultural lands may change according to different geographical and cultural conditions. Results show that agriculture can be applied in three different concepts considering different environmental conditions: purpose of the application, location, size, ownership, management, and consumer profile, accessibility by target user, required features, and output products.
THANK YOU… Meliz AKYOL melizakyol@gmail.com
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