Air Quality Inventory 2009-2015 Agron Deliu Meivis Struga In the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Air Quality Inventory 2009-2015

Agron Deliu Meivis Struga

In the frame of the project: "Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis" IBECA 25 January 2017

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Content

 National Air Quality Inventory 2009-2015

 Data Collection and methodology  Data analyzing

 Trends of air emissions 2009-2015 for each pollutant  QA/QC

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

National Air Quality Inventory 2009-2015

 National Inventory Sytem (NIS) is created to regularly monitor and maintain air emissions results for Albania  Gases: SOX, NOX, NH3, NMVOC, PM10, PM2,5,CO, heavy metals(Arsenic, Cadmium, Nickel, Lead, Chrome, Mercury, Copper, Selenium, Zinc)  Sectors: energy; industrial processes; solvent and other product use; agriculture, land use; land-use change and forestry; waste; transport;

• ther
• Point Source
• Non point source

 Methodology – Emissions = activity data X emission factor

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Data Collection

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Public institution Data and information Institute of Statistics (INSTAT) Demography, Working people and houses Fuel consumptions Mining activities Industrial productions Agriculture and livestock breeding Forests Ministry of Environment Forested area Fires Ministry of Economic Development, Tourism, Trade and Entrepreneurship Fuel consumptions Mining activities National Environment Agency Environmental permit holders general information from PRTR Ministry Transport and Infrastructures National vehicle fleet Waste management Maritime Traffic Airplane traffic

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Air emission 2009-2015, main missing data

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Sector Missing data Industry Emissions data by plant Fuels Complete data on fuel consumptions divided by type of fuel and sectors; fuels distribution over the territory Waste Complete information on waste management (number

• f landfills/dumps, amount of burnt waste,

agricultural/industrial/hospital waste management) Mining Complete data

• n

industrial productions and extractions Road transport Details about vehicles engine capacity, technology, fuel, age, average mileage driven. Number of mopeds and motorcycles. Daily Average Vehicle count on major roads Forest and fires Complete data on distribution of different specie over the territory

a

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Data Processing and Methodology

 Data processing and methodologies applied in the conducted expert calculations or estimations, as well as the selection of emission factors are based on the EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook 2013 and the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Estimated emissions are subsequently reported in the Nomenclature for Reporting (NFR) format, developed by EMEP/TFEIP (Task Force on Emission Inventories and Projections).  The emissions inventory includes five main air pollutants under CLRTAP: nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO), suspended particles with diameter less than 10μm (PM10) and ammonia (NH3).  The National Inventory System has to be further improved and therefore its structure is proposed so as to allow to include changes resulted from improvement of quality of procedures and data, while respecting all rules applied to the NIS.

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Burimet e faktoreve te shkarkimeve

• Nga paisjet teknologjike/percaktuar nga

prodhuesi;

• Nga manuale/udhezues:

http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/EMEP CORINAIR3 http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep -eea- guidebook-2016/part-b-sectoral-guidance- chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Emissions factors

Activity m.u. EFs NOx EFs SOx EF VOC EF NH3 EF PM10 EF CO Data Source

Petroleum products processing

g/Mg x x 200 x x x EMEP 2012

Petroleum refining plants - Combustion plants > = 50 MW and < 300 MW (boilers)

g/GJ 210 2922 2,3 x 155 15 EMEP-EEA 2009

Residential plants - Combustion < 20 MW (boilers)

g/ Gj 100 93 10 22 40 EMEP 2012

Residential plants - Combustion < 20 MW (boilers)

g/ Gj 18,18 1930,9 28,77 0,12 195,52 144 EMEP 2012

Industry - Combustion plants < 20 MW (boilers)

g / Gj 573,3 12,59 0,307 0,1 0,9 32,2 EMEP 2012

Firewood resident burning fuel

g/ha 2,635768 0,00005 7,69231E-06 3,84615E-08 6,883393133 34,94389747 EMEP 2012

Cement production

g/Mg 0,00558 0,0013464 0,00036 0,0000036 0,055555556 0,072 EMEP 2012

Open hearth furnace steel plant - Iron and steel production (Electric furnace)

g/Mg 0,13 0,05 0,046 0,024 1,17 EMEP 2012

Rolling mills - hot

g/Mg x x 7 x 9 x EMEP 2012

Ferro alloys production - Fe/Cr

g/Mg x x x x 71000 x EMEP 2012

Lime (decarbonizing)

g/Mg 1500 360 30 x 3500 1000 EMEP 2012

Bricks and tiles – Bricks production

g/Mg 0,9856 1,338709677 0,001 0,001 0,001 2,30275 EMEP 2012

Concrete production

g/Mg x x x x 153,22 x EMEP 2012

Secondary aluminium production (processes)

g/Mg x 603 170 x 1400 x EMEP-EEA 2009

Secondary lead production (processes)

g/Mg x x x x 400 x EMEP-EEA 2009

Urea production

g/ Mg 2500 EMEP-EEA 2009

Phosphate fertilisers production

g/ Mg 240 EMEP-EEA 2009

Ammonium nitrate production

g/Mg 0,005 89 44 EMEP-EEA 2009

Metal minerals extraction and processing

g/Mg 0,04 EMEP-EEA 2009

Extraction of solid fuels - Open cast mining

g/Mg 3 EMEP-EEA 2009

Heavy - duty - vehicles - >3.5 t and buses

g/Mm 141945,7 156089,9 1202468,87 2964,665 53116,203 2865852,488 Sets model

Heavy - duty vehicles >3.5 t and buses

g/Mm 141945,7 156089,9 1202468,87 2964,665 53116,203 2865852,488 Sets model

Road Passanger Cars

g/Mm 726492,6 49831,6 75327,5133 138614,4 54283,8 194037,5 Sets model

Road Passanger Cars

g/Mm 746015,6 6726,19 478508,32 138614,4 1144243,086 3784377,837 Sets model

Light duty vehicles < 3.5 t - Urban driving

g/Mm 9989889,5 13996,15 71292,63 1 99999 497480,18 Sets model

International airport traffic (LTO cycles - <1000 m)

g/lto 43139,9 433,333913 791,5195 1 14,319 5062,028 Sets model

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Koeficientet e shkarkimeve 1

In the case of transport was accounted as the number of cars in the year 1980, 1987,2009-2015. It should be converted from number of “cars” in “km/year” unit. The conversion from “number of cars” in “km/year” was made through step by step calculation. For example, in 1980 number

• f

tractors was 9000 thousand*5000km/year each tractor=4500000 km in total. To estimate the emission factor than, 30kg diesel/100km or 0.3kg/km which is taken as the emission factor (NOx) for heavy duty car transport. By multiplying the emission factor 0.3kg/km with total “km” realized we find the total NOx emission for one year. Regarding SOx, the estimation is realized through S%*20. The percentage of “S” is different for different activity sources.

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Koeficientet e shkarkimeve 2

 The same estimation was made for coal, unit conversion from 413 gr/GJ to 0.9 kg/ton NOx which is taken as a base emission factor for coal. The methodology used was made the same for wood, oil, natural gas. Additionally the emission factors for “Animal Manure”, Land use was taken from EMEP- EEA.  The final estimation of emissions was made through excel sheet and “CollectER/ReportER emission inventory software tool. The emission inventory estimation for NOx and SOx was based in using formula Emission

NOx,SOx=Σ(ARactivityxEF pollutant,activity ).

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Koeficientet e shkarkimeve 3

Shkarkimet normale ne ajer ne funksion te lendes djegese (kg/ton)

L.djegese Grimca(PM) SO2 NOx CO CO2 HC Qymyr linjit 175 20 x %S 2 0.1 3 0.02 Dru 4.5 -- 0.58 -- 3 9 Nafte 2.5 20 x %S 2 0.65 2.5 0.35 Gazoil 1.4 20 x %S 2 0.65 2.5 0.35 Vajguri 1.0 20 x %S 2 0.65 2.5 0.35 Gaz (kg/1000m3) -- 20 x %S 1.9 0.3 1.8 0.1 Per llogaritjen e sasise se SO2 qe çlirohet nga djegia, psh, e 1 ton nafte me permbajtje mesatare 4 perqind squfur, veprohet si me poshte: 1 ton nafte permban 1 x 0.04 = 0.04 ton S. Gjate procesit te djegies ky S kthehet ne SO2, pesha molekulare e te cilit eshte 64. Pra nga 1 atom S me peshe atomike 32 fitohet nje molekule SO2 me peshe molekulare 64. Raporti 64/32 = 2 jep koeficientin me te cilin duhet shumezuar permbajtja peshore e S ne lenden djegese per te llogaritur sasine e SO2 te formuar pas djegies . Ne rastin tone, 0.04 ton S x 2 = 0.08 ton SO2 formohen nga djegia e 1 ton nafte.

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Shkarkimet historike te SO2

Konsumi i lendeve djegese fosile ne Shqiperi, viti 1970-2012, (x 1000 ton ekuivalent nafte) dhe SO2 i çliruar prej tyre Viti 1970 1980 1989 2012

Qymyre 299 607 1307 22 Gaz 106 322 879 50 Nafte 860 918 1114 1012 Total 1265 2847 3300 1084 Konsumi 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.4 /banor/vit (ton ekuivalent nafte) SO2 i çliruar 177 400 462 103 (mije ton/vit) SO2 i çliruar 100 160 150 33 (kg/banor/vit)

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Efektet mjedisore,SO2

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Shkarkimet pikesore

q = prurja e ndotesit (kg/ore); R = prurja e tymit (Nm3/ore);T =Ttymrave – Tajrit të jashtëm; Cm = koeficient:0.01 për një zonë pak të ndotur, 0.7për zone me ndotje max Prodhimi i rreth 250 000 ton/vit çimento ne kete fabrike (Elbasan) ka çliruar ne ajer rreth 126 kg SO2/ore kur permbajtja e S ne lenden djegese ka qene 2%, dhe 188 e 250 kg SO2/ore kur permbajtja e S ne lenden djegese ka qene respektivisht 3% dhe 4%. shkarkim SO2 126 kg/ore – lartesia e nevojshme e oxhakut 38m shkarkim SO2 188 kg/ore – lartesia e nevojshme e oxhakut 45m shkarkim SO2 250 kg/ore – lartesia e nevojshme e oxhakut 53m

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 

5 . 3 1

680             ΔT R C q H

m

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Shkarkimet nga automjetet

Shkarkimet nga automjetet ne BE

pa konvertor shkarkimi vjetor me konvertor shkarkimi vjetor katalitik katalitik (gr/km) kg (gr/km) kg Grimcat 0.4 8 0.04

• 0. 8

SO2 4 x %S 4 x %S NOx 14.01 280.2 12.89 257.8 CO 3. 37 67.4

• 0. 24 4.8

HC 0. 66 13.2 0.06 1.2 CO2 1244 2488 1343 2686

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

UNFCCC Reporting format used

 Data anaylizing and proccesing

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Air Emission from Transport

NFR Code NFR Name 1A3ai(i) International aviation (LTO) 1A3bi Road transport: Passenger cars 1A3bii Road transport: Light duty vehicles 1A3biii Road transport:, Heavy duty vehicles

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The transport sector in Albania is composed of a number of categories, each

• f which has an NFR code and name, as follows:

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1990 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 NOx NMVOC CO

Total Albanian Emissions (Gg) of selected pollutants from road transport in 1990, and 2009-2015

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Air Emission from Transport

Pollu tant

% of total emissi

• ns in

1990 % of total emissi

• ns in

2009 % of total emissi

• ns in

2010 % of total emissi

• ns in

2011 % of total emissi

• ns in

2012 % of total emissi

• ns in

2013 % of total emissi

• ns in

2014 % of total emissi

• ns in

2015 % chang e from 1990 to 2015

NOx (as NO₂) 41,18 70,65 84,64 81,88 82,14 78,37 72,98 74,58 170,9 CO 16,67 20,56 27,80 24,95 23,96 15,24 14,52 13,22

• 18,5

VOC 9,32 11,93 25,35 14,13 14,31 13,27 12,56 11,32 8,2

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Transport sector share of emissions total in the period 2009 - 2015 and trends from 1990 to 2015

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Air Emission from Residential and Commercial sector

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Tiranë 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 1990 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 SOx (as SO2) PM10 NMVOC

Total Albanian Emissions (Gg) of selected pollutants from residential and commercial sector in 1990, and 2009-2015

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Air Emission from Residential and Commercial sector

Pollu tant

% of total emissi

• ns in

1990 % of total emissi

• ns in

2009 % of total emissi

• ns in

2010 % of total emiss ions in 2011 % of total emissi

• ns in

2012 % of total emissi

• ns in

2013 % of total emissi

• ns in

2014 % of total emissi

• ns in

2015 % chang e from 1990 to 2015 SOx (as SO₂) 10,12 37,25 55,52 45,34 46,41 49,45 37,73 40,90 16,9 PM₁₀ 16,67 47,59 63,28 29,73 30,92 65,80 67,85 78,68

• 5,2

VOC 9,32 37,37 72,75 47,89 52,04 85,60 85,91 40,90 26,8

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Residential and commercial sector share of emissions total in the period 2009 - 2015 and trendsfrom 1990 to 2015

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Air Emission from Agriculture

NFR Code NFR Name 4 B 1 a Cattle dairy 4 B 1 b Cattle non-dairy 4 B 3 S Sheep 4 B 6 Horses 4 B 8 Swine 4 B 9 Laying hens 4 D 1 a Synthetic N-fertilizers

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The agriculture sector is composed of a number of categories, each of which has an NFR code and name as follows:

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 1990 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 NH3 PM10

Total Albanian Emissions (Gg) of selected pollutants from agriculture sector in 1990, and 2009-2015

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Air Emission from Agriculture

Pollut ant % of total emiss ions in 1990 % of total emiss ions in 2009 % of total emiss ions in 2010 % of total emiss ions in 2011 % of total emiss ions in 2012 % of total emiss ions in 2013 % of total emiss ions in 2014 % of total emiss ions in 2015 % chan ge from 1990 to 2015 PM₁₀ 6,6 16,0 20,9 21,2 20,9 19,7 18,3 11,8 79,2 NH₃ 9,32 98,9 99,0 99,0 99,1 98,8 98,6 98,5

• 13,9

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Agriculture sector share of emissions total in the period 2009 - 2015 and trends from 1990 to 2015

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Total Albanian Air Emissions

Total Albanian Emissions (Gg) of SOx (as SO2), NOx (as NO2), NMVOC, NH3, PM₁₀, and CO 1990 – 2015

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Tiranë 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 NOx (as NO2) NMVOC SOx (as SO2) NH3 PM10 CO

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Total Albanian Air Emissions

Pollutant % change from 1990 to 2013 Key factors driving the decline in emissions

NOx (as NO2) 49,58

Increase in numbers of vehicles circulating in Albania

NMVOC

• 10,97

Improvements in combustion technology of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels leading to reductions in emissions

SOx (as SO2)

• 71,08

Reductions in the quantities of coal burnt Improvements in combustion technology of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels leading to reductions in emissions

NH3

• 13,92

Reduction of use of fertilizer in agriculture

PM10

• 48,05

Reductions in the quantities of solid and liquid fuels burnt Improvements in combustion technology of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels leading to reductions in emissions

CO 2,75

Increase in numbers of vehicles circulating in Albania

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Changes in emissions of pollutants since 1990

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Kontrolli i cilesise 1

 Kontrolli i cilesise (QA) eshte nje proce rutine kontrolli i aktivitetit teknik, realizuar nga ekspertet me qellim matjen dhe kontrollin e cilesise se inventarit. Kontrolli i Cilesise realizohet per te:

• Siguruar nje kontroll rutine dhe konsistent ne elementet e inventarit per te

verifikuar integritetin e te dhenave, saktesine dhe perputhmerine;

• Identifikuar dhe minimizuar gabimet;
• Maksimizuar konsistencen gjate pergatitjes se inventarit;

 Aktivitetet e Kontrollit te Cilesise perfshijne rishikimin teknik, kontrollin e saktesise dhe perdorimin e procedurave te standartizuara per kalkulimin dhe matjen e emisioneve.  Aktivitetet per Sigurimin e Cilesise (QC) perfshijne nje sistem te planifikuar te rishikimit dhe auditim te sistemit te inventarizimit , realizuar nga nje grup ekspertesh jo te perfshire ne procesin e zhvillimit te inventarizimit.

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Kontrolli i cilesise 2

QA/QC parashikon hapat e meposhtem:

• 1. Plani per kontrollin e te dhenave;
• 2. Dokumentimi i mbledhjes se te dhenave;
• 3. Procesi i validimit per te dhenat e burimeve pikesore, nepermjet:
• Krahasimit te te dhenave te emisioneve duke perdor kalkulimet nepermjet

faktoreve te emisionit;

• Krahasimi i emisioneve me emisione nga impjante te njejta model;
• Ne rastet e mungeses se emisioneve eshte bere llogaritja nepermjet faktoreve te

emisionit. Ne rastin tone pjesa me e madhe e kalkulimeve eshte realizuar ne menyre direkte nepermjet faktoreve te emisionit. Kjo gje eshte realizuar ne mungese te te dhenave te sakta nga impjantet e ndryshme te identifikuara. Rishikimi dhe kontrolli i te dhenave dhe faktoreve te emisionit eshte realizuar ne menyre konsistente nga eksperte te projektit.

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Kontrolli i cilesise 3

Procedurat per validimin e te dhenave nga burime jopikesore:  Kontrolli i te dhenave dhe rishikimi i tyre nga burime te ndryshme;  Kontrolli per perdorimin e sakte te faktoreve te emisionit.

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Kontrolli i cilesise dhe validimi i te dhenave

QC Activity Procedures Check the accuracy of data input from the

• riginal

reference source

• 1. Confirm that correct references were used.
• 2. Cross-check sample of input data (either

measurements

• r

parameters used in calculations) for transcription errors. Check that emissions are calculated accurately 1.Use manual recalculation

• f

a representative sample

• f

emission calculations.

• 2. Recalculation should cover complete set of

calculations from beginning to end.

• 3. Where necessary, mimic complex model

calculations with abbreviated manual calculations to judge relative accuracy. Check that parameter and emission units are correctly recorded and that appropriate conversion factors are used

• 1. Check that units are properly labeled in

calculation sheets.

• 2. Check that units are correctly carried

through from beginning to end

• f

calculations.

• 3. Check that mass conversion factors are

correct. 4. Check that temporal and spatial adjustment factors are used correctly.

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Kontrolli i cilesise dhe validimi i te dhenave

Check the integrity of database files 1. Confirm that path

• f

data is correctly represented in database and that all necessary processing steps are accounted for.

• 2. Confirm that data relationships are correctly

represented in database.

• 3. Ensure that data fields are properly labeled and

have correct design specifications. Check for consistency in data sources where such consistency is expected 1. Identify parameters (e.g., activity levels, constants) that should be common to multiple source categories and confirm that there is consistency in the values used for these parameters in emission calculations.

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Check that the movement

• f

inventory data among processing steps is correct. 1. Check that emissions data are correctly aggregated from lower reporting levels to higher reporting levels when preparing summaries. 2. Check that emissions data are correctly transcribed between different intermediate products. Internal Documentation Review 1. Check that there is detailed internal documentation to support the estimates and enable full reconstruction of the estimate.

• 2. Check that inventory data are archived and

stored to facilitate detailed review.

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# Technical Assistance for Institution Building of the Ministry of Environment in Enforcing Environmental and Climate Acquis (IBECA) A project for Albania funded by the European Union

Falemnderit

IBECA Project

E-mail: office@ibeca.al Web: www.ibeca.al Tel: +355 4222 64 93 Address: Blv. Gjergj Fishta, Kulla 3, kati 5, Ap.25

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