vs. The Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania Theodore V. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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vs. The Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania Theodore V. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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County of San Bernardino vs. The Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania Theodore V. Hromadka, II Ph.D., Ph.D., Ph.D., P.E., P.H. Location of the Mid-Valley Sanitary Landfill Mid-Valley Sanitary Landfill Location of the Mid-Valley

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SLIDE 1

County of San Bernardino vs. The Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania

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SLIDE 2

Theodore V. Hromadka, II

Ph.D., Ph.D., Ph.D., P.E., P.H.

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SLIDE 3

Location of the Mid-Valley Sanitary Landfill

Mid-Valley Sanitary Landfill

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SLIDE 4

Location of the Mid-Valley Sanitary Landfill

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SLIDE 5

210 FWY

Locust Ave Sierra Ave Alder Ave Summit Ave

Unit 3 Unit 2 Unit 1 Unit 4 Unit 5

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SLIDE 6

210 FWY

Locust Ave Sierra Ave Alder Ave Summit Ave

Unit 1 60 acres Unit 2 83 acres

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SLIDE 7

Landfill Operations – Filling Different Locations

! ! ! ! !

CELL 1

10-15 ft 6” soil

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SLIDE 8

Landfill Operations – Filling Different Locations

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

CELL 2

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SLIDE 9

Landfill Operations – Filling Different Locations

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

CELL 3

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SLIDE 10

Landfill Operations – Filling Different Locations

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

CELL 4

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SLIDE 11

Landfill Operations – Filling Different Locations

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

CELL 5

! ! ! !

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SLIDE 12

Landfill Operations – Filling Different Locations

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

CELL 6

! ! !

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SLIDE 13

210 FWY

Locust Ave Sierra Ave Alder Ave Summit Ave

Unit 1 Unit 2

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SLIDE 14

November 1955

Location History (Unit 1)

Undeveloped Property

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SLIDE 15

February 1958

Location History (Unit 1)

Landfill Operations begin in 1958

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SLIDE 16

October 1959

Location History (Unit 1)

Waste Disposal Vegetation/ top soil removal Vegetation/ top soil removal Trucks

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SLIDE 17

April 1963

Location History (Unit 1)

Waste Disposal Truck Vegetation/ top soil removal

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SLIDE 18

May 1965

Location History (Unit 1)

Waste Disposal

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SLIDE 19

April 1966

Location History (Unit 1)

Waste Disposal Trucks Vegetation/ top soil removal

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SLIDE 20

October 1969

Location History (Unit 1)

Waste Disposal

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SLIDE 21

February 1970

Location History (Unit 1)

Waste Disposal Truck

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SLIDE 22

October 1972

Location History (Unit 1)

Landfill Operations- Waste Disposal Trucks

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SLIDE 23

April 1974

Location History (Unit 1)

Waste Disposal

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SLIDE 24

1972 1970 1969 1967 1966 1963 1959 1958 1974

Unit 1

  • Operations begin in

southeast corner of Unit 1

  • Disposal took place in

different locations at different times

Summary of MVSL Operation History (Unit 1)

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SLIDE 25

Chemicals Of Concern Released From The MVSL VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) found in groundwater samples

  • Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)
  • Trichloroethylene (TCE)
  • 1,1 – Dichloroethylene (1,1 – DCE)
  • 1,2 – Dichloropropane (1,2 – DCP)
  • cis-1,2-Dichloroethene (cis-1,2-DCE)
  • Vinyl Chloride (VC)
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SLIDE 26

Question #1:

  • 1. Was the contamination a result
  • f a single, or multiple,

releases?

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SLIDE 27

Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 RRM Plant

Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 1 Plume Unit 2 Plume Groundwater Flow Direction F-1 Well FWC F-10A FWC F-10B

N Groundwater Plumes

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SLIDE 28

5 10 15 20 25 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

Well FWC-10A PCE Concentration (Unit 1)

PCE Concentration

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SLIDE 29

VOC Concentration Graph with No Release

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Concentration Time

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SLIDE 30

VOC Concentration Graph with Constant Release

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Concentration Time

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SLIDE 31

VOC Concentration Graph with Single Release Event

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Concentration Time

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SLIDE 32

5 10 15 20 25 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

Well FWC-10A PCE Concentration (Unit 1)

PCE Concentration

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SLIDE 33

What is a “Peak”?

In general, a “peak” is any data point in a sequence where the value of that data point is larger than BOTH of the immediately adjacent points

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SLIDE 34

What is a “Peak”?

In general, a “peak” is any data point in a sequence where the value of that data point is larger than BOTH of the immediately adjacent points

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SLIDE 35

5 10 15 20 25 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

Well FWC-10A Potential Release Events (Unit 1)

32 peaks identified as potential release events

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SLIDE 36

5 10 15 20 25 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

Well FWC-10A Distinct Release Events (Unit 1)

Distinct Release Events

5 Peaks identified as distinct release events

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SLIDE 37

5 10 15 20 25 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

Well FWC-10A Distinct Release Events (Unit 1)

Distinct Release Events

5 Peaks identified as distinct release events

Cannot determine if distinct release event due to large variability

  • f data
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SLIDE 38

5 10 15 20 25 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

Well FWC-10B PCE Concentration (Unit 1)

PCE Concentration

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SLIDE 39

5 10 15 20 25 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

Well FWC-10B Potential Release Events (Unit 1)

62 peaks identified as potential release events

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SLIDE 40

5 10 15 20 25 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

Well FWC-10B Distinct Release Events (Unit 1)

7 Peaks Identified as distinct release events

Distinct Release Events

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SLIDE 41

5 10 15 20 25 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

5 10 15 20 25 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

Comparing PCE readings between Wells FWC-10A and 10B

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

10A 10B Well data measured beginning 1984 Well data measured ceased 2000? 10B Well data measured beginning 1995

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SLIDE 42

5 10 15 20 25 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

5 10 15 20 25 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

Comparing PCE readings between Wells FWC-10A and 10B

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

10A 10B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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SLIDE 43

5 10 15 20 25 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

5 10 15 20 25 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

Comparing PCE readings between Wells FWC-10A and 10B

PCE Concentration (ug/L)

10A 10B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Potential release event not supported by Well 10B Data

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SLIDE 44

Saturated Zone

Well FWC-10A Well FWC-10B

1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

!

1

!

2

!

3

!

4

!

6

!

5 Vadose Zone

Unit 1 VOC Releases

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SLIDE 45

C B A C B A

Chemical Fingerprinting

Chemical C Chemical B Chemical A

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SLIDE 46

Radial (Star) Diagrams-Unit 1 Events

CALCIUM (0-120 mg/L) CHLORIDE (0-15 mg/L) MAGNESIUM (0-15 mg/L) NITRATE (AS NO3) (0-30 mg/L) SODIUM (0-30 mg/L) CHLOROFORM (0-3 ug/L) CHLOROMETHANE (0-6 ug/L) TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (0-30 ug/L) TRICHLOROETHYLENE (0-3 ug/L)

PEAK 1

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SLIDE 47

Radial (Star) Diagrams-Unit 1 Events

CALCIUM (0-120 ug/L) CHLORIDE (0-15 ug/L) MAGNESIUM (0-15 ug/L) NITRATE (AS NO3) (0-30 ug/L) SODIUM (0-30 ug/L) CHLOROFORM (0-3 ug/L) CHLOROMETHANE (0-6 ug/L) TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (0-30 ug/L) TRICHLOROETHYLENE (0-3 ug/L)

PEAK 2

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SLIDE 48

Radial (Star) Diagrams-Unit 1 Events

CALCIUM (0-120 mg/L) CHLORIDE (0-15 mg/L) MAGNESIUM (0-15 mg/L) NITRATE (AS NO3) (0-30 mg/L) SODIUM (0-30 mg/L) CHLOROFORM (THM) (0-3 mg/L) CHLOROMETHANE (0-6 ug/L) TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (0-30 ug/L) TRICHLOROETHYLENE (0-3 ug/L)

PEAK 3

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SLIDE 49

Radial (Star) Diagrams-Unit 1 Events

CALCIUM (0-120 mg/L) CHLORIDE (0-15 mg/L) MAGNESIUM (0-15 mg/L) NITRATE (AS NO3) (0-30 mg/L) SODIUM (0-30 mg/L) CHLOROFORM (0-3 ug/L) CHLOROMETHANE (0-6 ug/L) TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (0-30 ug/L) TRICHLOROETHYLENE (0-3 ug/L)

PEAK 4

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SLIDE 50

Radial (Star) Diagrams-Unit 1 Events

DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (FREON 12) (0-12 ug/L) NITRATE (AS NO3) (0-35 mg/L) TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (0-15 ug/L)

PEAK 5

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SLIDE 51

Radial (Star) Diagrams-Unit 1 Events

DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (FREON 12) (0-12 ug/L) NITRATE (AS NO3) (0-35 mg/L) TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (0-15 ug/L)

PEAK 6

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SLIDE 52

Radial (Star) Diagrams-Unit 1 Events

DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (FREON 12) (0-12 ug/L) NITRATE (AS NO3) (0-35 mg/L) TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (0-15 ug/L)

PEAK 7

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SLIDE 53

Radial (Star) Diagrams-Unit 1 Events

DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (FREON 12) (0-12 ug/L) NITRATE (AS NO3) (0-35 mg/L) TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (0-15 ug/L)

PEAK 8

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SLIDE 54

Radial (Star) Diagrams-Unit 1 Events

PEAK 1 PEAK 2 PEAK 3 PEAK 4 PEAK 5 PEAK 6 PEAK 7 PEAK 8

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SLIDE 55

Question #1:

  • 1. Was the contamination a result
  • f a single, or multiple,

releases?

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SLIDE 56

Question #1:

  • 1. Was the contamination a result
  • f a single, or multiple,

releases? Answer: The contamination was the result of at least 11 different liquid VOC releases and 2 gas VOC releases.

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SLIDE 57

Question #2:

  • 2. When did the releases occur?
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SLIDE 58

VOC Source

Calculation Of Travel Times

Saturated Zone

Calculation Of Travel Times Movement of VOCs from Landfill to Well

Vadose Zone

▪ Step 1: Calculate travel time from the landfill to the saturated zone. ▪ Step 2: Calculate travel time through the saturated zone to the wells.

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SLIDE 59

VLEACH

▪ A computational model for calculating the transport time of VOCs through the vadose zone

VLEACH User’s Guide: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-08/documents/vleach.pdf

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SLIDE 60

Conceptual Model of MVSL Vadose Zone (Unsaturated Zone) Saturated Zone

Unit 1 360 ft Unit 2 350 ft

Landfill Landfill

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SLIDE 61

VLEACH Input Parameters

Infiltration rate

Thickness

Landfill

Vadose Zone

Saturated Zone

There are many different pathways for fluid to move through the Vadose Zone.

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SLIDE 62

VLEACH Input Screenshot

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SLIDE 63

Travel Times Through The Vadose Zone Vadose Zone (Unsaturated Zone) Saturated Zone

Unit 1 360 ft Unit 2 350 ft

Landfill Landfill 21.4 years 20.8 years

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SLIDE 64

VOC Source

Calculation Of Travel Times

Saturated Zone

Calculation Of Travel Times Movement of VOCs from Landfill to Well

Vadose Zone

▪ Step 1: Calculate travel time from the landfill to the saturated zone. ▪ Step 2: Calculate travel time through the saturated zone to the wells.

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SLIDE 65

Calculating Travel Time Through the Saturated Zone

▪ Calculate travel time of PCE peaks between well pairs ▪ Back calculate PCE velocity given the known well distance between well pairs ▪ Distance between wells F-5 and F-27 is approximately 3,600 feet ▪ PCE travel time between F-5 and F-27 is between 719 and 882 days

F-5 F-27

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SLIDE 66

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1/1/1988 6/23/1993 12/14/1998 6/5/2004 11/26/2009 5/19/2015

F-5 PCE Concentration (ug/L)

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

F-5 PCE Concentration (ug/L)

Well F-5 Well F-27 1 2 3

Calculating Travel Time Through the Saturated Zone

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SLIDE 67

Groundwater

Well FWC-10A Well FWC-10B

Vadose Zone

Calculating Travel Time for Unit 1 VOC Releases

VLEACH calculations…

1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

!

1

!

2

!

3

!

4

!

6

!

5

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SLIDE 68

Table of Release Back-Dating (Units 1 & 2)

Unit # Release # Detection Date Time of Travel Release Date 1 1 February 1995 26.5 years September 1968 1 2 March 1996 26.5 years September 1969 1 3 October 1997 26.5 years May 1971 1 4 March 2000 26.5 years September 1973 1 5 September 2000 26.5 years March 1974 1 6 January 2001 26.5 years July 1974 1 7 February 2002 26.5 years August 1975 1 8 May 2003 26.5 years November 1976 2 9 May 1994 20.8 years July 1973 2 10 November 1995 20.8 years January 1975 2 11 January 1999 20.8 years March 1978

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SLIDE 69

Well FWC-10A Well FWC-10B

!

1

!

2

!

3

!

4

!

6

!

5 Vadose Zone

1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

Unit 1 VOC Releases

SEP 1968 SEP 1969 MAY 1971 SEP 1973 MAR 1974 JUL 1974

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SLIDE 70

Policy #1 Policy #2 Policy #3

1958 1962 1966 1970 1974

PCE Concentrations (ug/L)

25 20 15 10 5

Unit 1 PCE Releases During The 9-Year Policy Period

!

1

!

2

!

4

!

3

!

5

!

6

!

UNIT 1: ▪ 6 liquid release events ▪ 1 gas release event

7

!

Relative Concentration

PCE Detections at Wells FWC-10A and -10B

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SLIDE 71

1958 1963 1968 1973

PCE Concentrations (ug/L)

15 10 5

Policy #1 Policy #2 Policy #3

UNIT 2: ▪ 2 liquid release events

Unit 2 PCE Releases During The 9-Year Policy Period

!

9

!

8 10

!

Relative Concentration

▪ 1 gas release event PCE Detections at Well F-1

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SLIDE 72

Question #2:

  • 2. When did the releases occur?
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SLIDE 73

Question #2:

  • 2. When did the releases occur?

Answer: Releases from Unit 1

  • ccurred 26.5 years prior to

detection in wells FWC-10A and 10B. Releases from Unit 2 occurred 20.8 years prior to detection in well F-1.

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SLIDE 74

1968-69:

31.79” 1968-69: Twice the Annual Average Rainfall in San Bernardino

Average:

16.04”

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SLIDE 75

Rainfall: October 1 - September 30 (1968-69) Average:

16.04”

Total:

31.79”

San Bernardino Average:

9.92”

Total:

18.08”

Riverside Average:

13.10”

Total:

25.19”

Redlands

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SLIDE 76

!

1958 1963

Policy 2 Policy 3

1964

Policy 1

! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Liquid contamination Gaseous contamination

! !

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976

! !

11 Events that Took Place During the Policy Periods