Updates of Water Environment Governance in Korea Tae-Jin Park - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Updates of Water Environment Governance in Korea Tae-Jin Park - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 27, 2022 190 likes •421 views

Updates of Water Environment Governance in Korea Tae-Jin Park National Institute of Environmental Research The 15 th WEPA Annual Meeting 8 February 2020 Bangkok Contents Legislative Framework for Water Environmental Governance Water Quality

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Updates of Water Environment Governance in Korea

Tae-Jin Park National Institute of Environmental Research

The 15th WEPA Annual Meeting 8 February 2020 Bangkok

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Legislative Framework for Water Environmental Governance Water Quality Monitoring Framework Status of water quality Status of domestic & industrial wastewater Future targets

Contents

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Legislative Framework for Water Environmental Governance

  • The primary law governing environment in Korea
  • Purpose: to prevent environmental pollution, to protect environment appropriately

and to keep the environment sustainable, resulting in letting people enjoy the healthy and amiable environment.

  • The basis for regulations
  • Purpose: to protect people from water pollution, to manange the quality of streams, rivers

and lakes appropriately, resulting in the benefit from the water environment managed well.

  • Regulation of wastewater from the effluent

Environment Policy Framework Act Water Environment Conservation Act

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Legislative Framework for Water Environmental Governance

Rivers Seawater

Standard for protecting human health Environmental standard for living

Standard for protecting human health

Lakes

Standard for protecting human health Environmental standard for living

Groundwater

Based on the management

  • f drinking water act and

water supply and waterworks installation act Standard for protecting marine aquatic life

pH, BOD, TOC, SS, DO, TP, total coliform, fecal coliform pH, TOC, SS, DO, TP, TN, Chl-a, total coliform, fecal coliform

Air Noise Water

Environmental standard for living Marine standard based on ecology

<Environment Policy Framework Act>

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Legislative Framework for Water Environmental Governance

Water quality standard for protecting human health

9 8 9 15 17 20 30

(plan)

1978 1983 1991 2006 2009 2012 2025

As, Cd, CN, Cr6+, Pb, PCBs, Organic phosphorus, Total mercury, Alkyl mercury As, Cd, CN, Cr6+, Pb, PCBs, Hg, Organic phosphorus, ABS, benzene, chloroform, DCM, Carbon tetrachloride, 1,2- DCE, PCE As, Cd, CN, Cr6+, Pb, PCBs, Hg, Organic phosphorus, ABS, benzene, chloroform, DCM, Carbon tetrachloride, 1,2- DCE, PCE, Sb, DEHP As, Cd, CN, Cr6+, Pb, PCBs, Hg, Organic phosphorus, ABS, benzene, chloroform, DCM, Carbon tetrachloride, 1,2- DCE, PCE, Sb, DEHP, 1,4-Dioxane, Formaldehyde, HCB

<Water quality standards>

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Legislative Framework for Water Environmental Governance

(UNEP report, 2009)

<Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)>

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Legislative Framework for Water Environmental Governance

Rivers or Streams managed by Country

(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport)

Sewerage

(Ministry of Environment)

Small stream or Creek

(Ministry of the Interior and Safety)

Lakes

(Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural affairs)

Local stream

(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport)

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Legislative Framework for Water Environmental Governance

Rivers or Streams managed by Country

(Ministry of Environment)

Sewerage

(Ministry of Environment)

Small stream or Creek

(Ministry of Environment)

Lakes

(Ministry of Environment)

Local stream

(Ministry of Environment)

Since 2019, Ministry of Environment is responsible for Integrated Water Resources Management.

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Water quality monitoring Framework

TMDL (336)

Ministry of Environment

National Institute of Environmental Research

Manual monitoring TMDL monitoring Automatic monitoring Sediment monitoring Radioactive material monitoring Aquatic life monitoring Nonpoint source monitoring

  • 1,936 sites
  • Since 1967
  • 337 sites
  • Since 2004
  • 70 sites
  • Since 1995
  • 306 sites
  • Since 2012
  • 90 sites
  • Since 2014
  • 3,884 sites
  • Since 2016
  • 2 sites
  • Since 2018

Classification

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Water quality monitoring Framework

 Objective to comprehend the state of water quality and aquatic ecosystem in public water  Start of operation : Since 1967  Number of sampling site : total 6,625 sites

  • (River) 5,589 sites,
  • (lake) 368 sites
  • (Estuary) 668 sites

 Number of investigation institution

  • 29 institutions

 Related act

  • Environment Policy Framework Act
  • Water Environment Conservation Act
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Water quality monitoring Framework

pH, BOD, COD(TOC), SS, DO, TN, TP, total coliform, fecal coliform (8 parameters)

Environmental standard for living

As, Cd, CN, Cr6+, Pb, PCB, Hg, Sb, organic phosphorus, ABS, benzene, chloroform, DCM, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-DCE, PCE, DEHP, 1,4- dioxane, formaldehyde, hexachlorobenzene (20 parameters)

Standard for protecting human health

Temperature, pH, DO, BOD, COD(TOC), TOC, SS, TN, DTN, TP, NH3-N, DTP, PO4-P, total coliform, fecal coliform, conductivity, chlorophyll-a, As, Cd, CN, Cr6+, Pb, PCB, Hg, Sb,

  • rganic phosphorus, ABS,

benzene, chloroform, DCM, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-DCE, PCE, DEHP, 1,4- dioxane, formaldehyde, phenols, TCE, hexachlorobenzene (39 parameters)

BOD, TOC, SS, pH, n-hexane, phenols, pentachlorophenol, phenol, CN, Cr, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg, Organic phosphorus, As, Pb, Cr6+, Mn, F, PCB, total coliform, color, temperature, TN, TP, TCE, PCE, ABS, benzene, DCM, TU, Se, Ni, Ba, 1,1-DCE, Carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-DCE, chloroform, 1,4- Dioxane, DEHP, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, bromoform, naphthalene, formaldehyde, epichlorohydrin, Sb, toluene, xylene, styrene, perchlorate, acrylamide, DEHA (55 parameters)

Water quality standard National water quality monitoring Permissible Discharge Limit

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Water quality monitoring Framework

Manual monitoring

 Number of sampling sites 1,936 points cover most of the nation’s streams and lakes  Sampling interval differs from points but mostly monthly for a general purpose and weekly for important points or specific use such as TMDL and water quality forecast

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Water quality monitoring Framework

  • Water Quality status is divided

into 7 levels.

  • Ia. Very good
  • Ib. Good
  • II. Moderately good
  • III. Moderate
  • IV. Moderately bad
  • V. Bad
  • VI. Very bad

<Water Quality Index in Korea>

☞ http://water.nier.go.kr

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Status of Water Quality

80.9 86.2 96.9 61.9 72.7 84.3 89.7 100 57.1 81.8

20 40 60 80 100 Total Han river Nakdong river Geum river Yeongsan river

Water quality status (GOOD) (%)

BOD

2017 2018

<Status of water quality in 4 major RIVERS in Korea>

River and stream

(GOOD : BOD ≤ 3 mg/L)

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Status of Water Quality

20 40 60 80 100 Total Han river Nakdong river Geum river Yeongsan river

Water quality status (GOOD) (%)

TP

2017 2018

River and stream

(GOOD: TP ≤ 0.1 mg/L)

<Status of water quality in 4 major RIVERS in Korea>

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Status of Water Quality

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

BOD (mg/L)

Han river (Paldang) Nakdong river (Mulgeum) Geum river (Daecheong) Yeongsan river (Juam)

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 COD (mg/L)

Han river (Paldang) Nakdong river (Mulgeum) Geum river (Daecheong) Yeongsan river (Juam)

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TN (mg/L)

Han river (Paldang) Nakdong river (Mulgeum) Geum river (Daecheong) Yeongsan river (Juam)

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 TP (mg/L)

Han river (Paldang) Nakdong river (Mulgeum) Geum river (Daecheong) Yeongsan river (Juam)

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Status of Domestic and Industrial Wastewater

* This number does not include private treatment plants

2394 2770 3064 3363 3613 3774 3757 3907 3963 4072

18.5 18.6 18.7 19.5 19.9 19.9 19.7 19.8 20.4 20.3

1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 5 10 15 20 25 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Number of facilities Amount of domestic wastewater (Million ton/d)

facilities amount (million ton/d)

<Current status of domestic wastewater>

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Status of Domestic and Industrial Wastewater

82.6 86.0 89.4 92.2 94.1 96.6 96.9 97.6

112.0 95.5 109.8 121.1 134.5 141.9 153.8 166.6 19.5 13.4 11.6 9.5 8.0 4.8 4.8 4.0

75 80 85 90 95 100 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016

BOD removal efficiency (%) BOD concentration (mg/L)

removal efficiency (%) influent effluent

<Current status of domestic wastewater>

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Status of Domestic and Industrial Wastewater

10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 2 4 6 8 10 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Number of industires amount (milion ton/d)

industries amount effluent

<Current status of industrial wastewater>

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Future targets

Past BOD COD TN TP etc. PPCPs(Musk ketone) Pesticides PFOS, PFOA etc microplastics POPs Other micropollutants Future

≈ 100,000 chemicals in use yet Poor quality data only available For ≈ 1000 – 5000 (1-5%) of these

  • 1. To pay attention to emerging pollutants and manage them
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Future targets

  • 2. To establish the framework of Integrated Water Resources

Management

  • To provide water and to monitor water quality & quantity

more efficiently

  • To adapt to climate change more efficiently
  • 3. To keep water environment healthy from stream to estuary
  • To make rivers ecologically friendly by recovering ecological health
  • To strengthen the management of soil and underground water
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Thank you for your attention!!!

경청해 주셔서 감사합니다.