SAAB AVITRONICS – Naval Integrated EW systems NAME Pat Clarke DATE 21 April 2009
The Threat ASM Survey in the East Mediterranean and Black Sea Ukraine SS-N-12 Romania Russia AS-4 SS-N-2 a+c SS-N-2 c+d AS-11 AS-7 SS-N-12 AS-13 AS-12 Turkey SS-N-22 HARPOON AS-14 AS-4 PENGUIN MK2 AS-6 EXOCET Syria SS-N 2a Greece Kh 25ML EXOCET MM38 HOT PENGUIN MK2 HARPOON AS 11 AGM-12 BULLPUP Libya OTOMAT SS-N-2 c Lebanon Egypt AS 11 AS-12 HY-2 Israel EXOCET AM39 Sagger, Fagot, Kornet SS-N-2 a Gabriel C-701 HARPOON HARPOON C-802 EXOCET AM39 SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 2
The Threat continued Missile Threat 2000 - 2020 TV 0.4 – 1.0 µm Imaging IR 3 – 13 µm RADAR 8 – 18 GHz LASER 0.55 – 1.5 µm SACLOS 0.4 – 13 µm SAM MMW 1.5 – 5 µm 35 + 94 GHz SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 3
The Threat continued Since 1967 239 ASM attacks • 111 not defeated • 127 defeated by soft kill • 1 defeated by hard kill (1991 HMS Gloucester / Silkworm) SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 4
The Threat continued 21.10.1967: Sinking of EILAT � Sunk of Israelien destroyer EILAT during 6-day war by Russien ASM Typ STYX (P15) ASM „STYX“ (P15) Komar FPB „ASSIUT“ SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 5
The Threat continued 14.07.2006: Hit of SAAR-5 INS HANIT (Eilat Class) � Simultaneous attack of 2x C-802 launched by Hizbullah SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 6
The Threat continued Littoral and Blue Water Missile Threat 6000 m Littoral Threat: Blue Water Threat: man-in-the-loop guidance autonomous guidance � EO � RADAR � Laser � Infrared � Infrared � Dual Mode � Mixed Salvos Countermeasure: Countermeasure: Screening Confusion, Distraction, Seduction SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 7
…….Extract from the anti-ship missiles conference held in the UK 29th & 30th October 2003. Near term (i.e., 2007~2010) next generation anti-ship missiles threats would probably still consist of predominating subsonic missiles catering for the littoral warfare scenario using laser, RF and IR and stealth technology to ensure late detection The mid term (i.e., 2015) future generation anti-ship missiles would probably introduce the next generation multi-spectral seekers (i.e., dual mode, RF&IIR) as part of a mid-life upgrade. using phased array technology and incorporation of sensor data fusion for target recognition. Also possible man-in-the-loop The far term (i.e., 2020+) future generation anti-ship missile threats would probably present a total new capability using supersonic missiles (i.e., Mach 4-5) based on ramjet technology. Dual mode seekers (i.e., RF&IIR) and long range stand-off attack profiles would be the standard. SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 8
Integrated Naval EW Systems Sensors Processing Effectors For an ideal System configuration Radar Effector ESM Port Sensors - All emitters intercepted -No delay between interception and ECM Laser Controller Sensors -No interference from other emitters -Environmentals under system control Imaging Effector or other Sbd -Seamless integration of sensors Operation/Display ` SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 9
System Challenges Extracting emitters of interests within this hive of communications, Radar and laser activity!!! SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 10
Sensor Challenges - Operational Environment - Potential pitfalls Commercial Radar, comms and lasers • Clusters of Navigational Radars mask military Radars -often have unintentional modulation, jitters, staggers etc • UMTS networks can cause de-sensitization and multiple targets • CW Datalinks can cause ESM bands to shutdown • Shore based Radar systems- Airports, harbours • Laser Range finders SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 11
Operational Environment - Potential pitfalls Local Military installations and platforms • High duty cycle 3D radars cause excessive traffic, and can result in multiple target declaration • Military vessels operating with high power search Radars • Trackers and search radars of consort ships saturate onboard ESM systems • Air space control -NATO Radar etc • Laser SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 12
Operational Environment - Potential pitfalls Own ship emitter management • Onboard Nav/search Radar(s) • CW LPI Radar • SHF SATCOM • Onboard Fire control/trackers • Missile seekers • ECM SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 13
Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept Some of the burning issues: • Sensors reporting to CMS are individually specified leading to often excellent lab performance, but disappointing sea performance • Buzz word “Network centric warfare” but what does it really mean practically? Data must be available AND useful to systems and operators • What is actually done with available data even from own ship? • ECM interoperability • Radar interoperability • CMS integration- MFC operation • Upgrade capability SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 14
Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept Sensor placement- Surface vessels • Space and mast constraints? • Interaction with COMINT • Interaction with Radar(s) • Interaction with ECM • SHF SATCOM tx and acquisition modes • Laser Warning • Stealth considerations SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 15
Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept Sensor placement- Subsurface vessels • Space constraints • Cable constraints • Onboard FMCW radar • Onboard Radar • Interaction with COMINT • SHF SATCOM tx and acquisition • Laser Warning • Rotating Masts: ESM opportunity? SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 16
Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept Sensor placement- Offboard • Physical constraints • Range advantage • Cable constraints • System integration SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 17
Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept Choice of sensor Technology: • Amplitude DF- Probably the most robust of technologies, provides good DF in wide bandwidths, very tolerant to environment, not severely effected by weather conditions or cable systems • Phase DF – Perhaps considered the most accurate method, but implementation can make it very sensitive to platform constraints- cables, temp, environmental • Directed arrays- Has been around since the beginning of EW, making a comeback due to advantage of very high gain and directivity in modern EW operational environment. Supports use into mm wave bands at high accuracy (<1degree) and range advantage. • Combination arrays, phase and Amplitude OR comms and Radar ESM combined using one of above technologies SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 18
Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept Classic receiver building blocks no single rx type does all well!! SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 19
Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept Choice of Receiver Technology: • Textbook approach showing a table of good, medium and excellent is an old concept based on hardware intensive designs • All receiver topologies have some niche capability and some weakness • Strength of the modern design lies in processing. Use of combinations of technologies supplemented by digital receiver technology, and applied to BOTH Omni and directional measurement chains • Digital receiver technology is often mis-interpreted. All systems quantise somewhere, and are therefore digital. True digital means quantising the RF. • But….a DRx on its own is no better than a superhet Rx without a WB capability SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 20
Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept ESM to Radar and comms Interoperability Installing active and passive sensors without intelligent blanking schemes…………… S-band Radar X-band Radar IFF Interrogator + = IFF transponder Disaster Radar ESM Multirole 3D radar LPI Radar FCR SATCOM SHF SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 21
Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept Multi-function console environment • Presentation of data- Any console, multiple instances • Consolidated ESM picture (Radar, Laser Comms, with data prioritization) • Display of CMS tracks applicable to ESM • Seamless transition from ESM to ELINT, to data simulation • Setting of operator alerts • Audio integration • Up and download of data SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 22
Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept Specifications of competing systems are similar ….. but are they the same? • POI- What does this mean? • Sensitivity, when is enough enough? KTB +NF+ MDS • Bandwidth, Wideband vs narrowband digital or analog? • Beamwidth • Snapshot management, shadow time, pulse density • Hardware configured systems, still an applicable approach? • Choosing a single technology, a good idea? What about conflicting requirements of LPI vs conventional blue water vs littorals • Basic operator features:- Operational need vs engineers analysis tool • Analysis using 3rd party SW and HW, choices of system breaks SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 23
SAAB NAVAL ESM SOLUTION: U/SME SYSTEMS Raw Data ECM FCR1 Cal Synth FCR2 Internal MRR Blanking/recording Comms LPI Manager NAV NAV SHF D FD Operators Console Gain/ Tracks FD offset F D CMS and Banded RWS F D PSU F D EW System ESM F ECM RF Dist Controller System GPS Antenna Nav Controller Histogram Omni Omni/GPS Rx Wideband AQR Antenna Recorder Amplitude DF antenna ESM Processor EWC Tasked Analysis Fine DF Antenna Rx (Phase or directional) DRX-400 SAAB AVITRONICS PAGE 24
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