SAAB AVITRONICS Naval Integrated EW systems NAME Pat Clarke DATE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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SAAB AVITRONICS Naval Integrated EW systems NAME Pat Clarke DATE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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SAAB AVITRONICS Naval Integrated EW systems NAME Pat Clarke DATE 21 April 2009 The Threat ASM Survey in the East Mediterranean and Black Sea Ukraine SS-N-12 Romania Russia AS-4 SS-N-2 a+c SS-N-2 c+d AS-11 AS-7 SS-N-12 AS-13

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SAAB AVITRONICS

– Naval Integrated EW systems

NAME DATE Pat Clarke 21 April 2009

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The Threat

ASM Survey in the East Mediterranean and Black Sea

Russia SS-N-2 c+d SS-N-12 SS-N-22 AS-4 AS-6 Romania SS-N-2 a+c AS-7 AS-12 AS-14 Lebanon AS-12 Sagger, Fagot, Kornet C-701 C-802 Greece EXOCET MM38 PENGUIN MK2 HARPOON AS 11 AGM-12 BULLPUP Libya OTOMAT SS-N-2 c AS 11 EXOCET AM39 Egypt HY-2 SS-N-2 a HARPOON EXOCET AM39 Israel Gabriel HARPOON Ukraine SS-N-12 AS-4 AS-11 AS-13 Turkey HARPOON PENGUIN MK2 EXOCET Syria SS-N 2a Kh 25ML HOT

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The Threat continued Missile Threat 2000 - 2020

MMW

35 + 94 GHz

SACLOS

0.4 – 13 µm

Imaging IR

3 – 13 µm

TV

0.4 – 1.0 µm

SAM

1.5 – 5 µm

RADAR

8 – 18 GHz

LASER

0.55 – 1.5 µm

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Since 1967 239 ASM attacks

  • 111 not defeated
  • 127 defeated by soft kill
  • 1 defeated by hard kill

(1991 HMS Gloucester / Silkworm)

The Threat continued

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21.10.1967: Sinking of EILAT

  • Sunk of Israelien destroyer EILAT during 6-day war

by Russien ASM Typ STYX (P15)

Komar FPB „ASSIUT“ ASM „STYX“ (P15)

The Threat continued

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14.07.2006: Hit of SAAR-5 INS HANIT (Eilat Class)

  • Simultaneous attack of 2x C-802 launched by Hizbullah

The Threat continued

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Littoral and Blue Water Missile Threat

Littoral Threat: man-in-the-loop guidance EO Laser Infrared Blue Water Threat: autonomous guidance RADAR Infrared Dual Mode Mixed Salvos Countermeasure: Screening Countermeasure: Confusion, Distraction, Seduction 6000 m

The Threat continued

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…….Extract from the anti-ship missiles conference held in the UK 29th & 30th October 2003.

Near term (i.e., 2007~2010) next generation anti-ship missiles threats would probably still consist of predominating subsonic missiles catering for the littoral warfare scenario using laser, RF and IR and stealth technology to ensure late detection The mid term (i.e., 2015) future generation anti-ship missiles would probably introduce the next generation multi-spectral seekers (i.e., dual mode, RF&IIR) as part of a mid-life upgrade. using phased array technology and incorporation of sensor data fusion for target recognition. Also possible man-in-the-loop The far term (i.e., 2020+) future generation anti-ship missile threats would probably present a total new capability using supersonic missiles (i.e., Mach 4-5) based on ramjet technology. Dual mode seekers (i.e., RF&IIR) and long range stand-off attack profiles would be the standard.

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Integrated Naval EW Systems

For an ideal System configuration

  • All emitters intercepted
  • No delay between interception and ECM
  • No interference from other emitters
  • Environmentals under system control
  • Seamless integration of sensors

Radar ESM Sensors Laser Sensors Imaging

  • r other

Effector Sbd Effector Port Sensors Processing Operation/Display Effectors Controller

`

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System Challenges

Extracting emitters of interests within this hive of communications, Radar and laser activity!!!

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Commercial Radar, comms and lasers

  • Clusters of Navigational Radars mask military Radars -often have

unintentional modulation, jitters, staggers etc

  • UMTS networks can cause de-sensitization and multiple targets
  • CW Datalinks can cause ESM bands to shutdown
  • Shore based Radar systems- Airports, harbours
  • Laser Range finders

Sensor Challenges

  • Operational Environment - Potential pitfalls
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Local Military installations and platforms

  • High duty cycle 3D radars cause excessive traffic, and can result in

multiple target declaration

  • Military vessels operating with high power search Radars
  • Trackers and search radars of consort ships saturate onboard ESM

systems

  • Air space control -NATO Radar etc
  • Laser

Operational Environment - Potential pitfalls

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Own ship emitter management

  • Onboard Nav/search Radar(s)
  • CW LPI Radar
  • SHF SATCOM
  • Onboard Fire control/trackers
  • Missile seekers
  • ECM

Operational Environment - Potential pitfalls

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Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept

Some of the burning issues:

  • Sensors reporting to CMS are individually specified leading to often excellent

lab performance, but disappointing sea performance

  • Buzz word “Network centric warfare” but what does it really mean practically?

Data must be available AND useful to systems and operators

  • What is actually done with available data even from own ship?
  • ECM interoperability
  • Radar interoperability
  • CMS integration- MFC operation
  • Upgrade capability
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Sensor placement- Surface vessels

  • Space and mast constraints?
  • Interaction with COMINT
  • Interaction with Radar(s)
  • Interaction with ECM
  • SHF SATCOM tx and acquisition modes
  • Laser Warning
  • Stealth considerations

Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept

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Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept

Sensor placement- Subsurface vessels

  • Space constraints
  • Cable constraints
  • Onboard FMCW radar
  • Onboard Radar
  • Interaction with COMINT
  • SHF SATCOM tx and acquisition
  • Laser Warning
  • Rotating Masts: ESM opportunity?
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Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept

Sensor placement- Offboard

  • Physical constraints
  • Range advantage
  • Cable constraints
  • System integration
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Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept

Choice of sensor Technology:

  • Amplitude DF- Probably the most robust of

technologies, provides good DF in wide bandwidths, very tolerant to environment, not severely effected by weather conditions or cable systems

  • Phase DF – Perhaps considered the most accurate

method, but implementation can make it very sensitive to platform constraints- cables, temp, environmental

  • Directed arrays- Has been around since the beginning
  • f EW, making a comeback due to advantage of very

high gain and directivity in modern EW operational

  • environment. Supports use into mm wave bands at

high accuracy (<1degree) and range advantage.

  • Combination arrays, phase and Amplitude OR comms

and Radar ESM combined using one of above technologies

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Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept

Classic receiver building blocks no single rx type does all well!!

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Choice of Receiver Technology:

  • Textbook approach showing a table of good, medium and excellent is

an old concept based on hardware intensive designs

  • All receiver topologies have some niche capability and some weakness
  • Strength of the modern design lies in processing. Use of combinations
  • f technologies supplemented by digital receiver technology, and

applied to BOTH Omni and directional measurement chains

  • Digital receiver technology is often mis-interpreted. All systems

quantise somewhere, and are therefore digital. True digital means quantising the RF.

  • But….a DRx on its own is no better than a superhet Rx without a WB

capability

Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept

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Installing active and passive sensors without intelligent blanking schemes……………

+ =

S-band Radar X-band Radar IFF Interrogator IFF transponder Multirole 3D radar LPI Radar FCR SATCOM SHF Radar ESM Disaster

Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept

ESM to Radar and comms Interoperability

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Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept

  • Consolidated ESM picture

(Radar, Laser Comms, with data prioritization)

  • Display of CMS tracks

applicable to ESM

  • Seamless transition from

ESM to ELINT, to data simulation

  • Setting of operator alerts
  • Audio integration
  • Up and download of data

Multi-function console environment

  • Presentation of data- Any console, multiple instances
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Operational Environment - ESM Specs - integrated concept

Specifications of competing systems are similar ….. but are they the same?

  • POI- What does this mean?
  • Sensitivity, when is enough enough? KTB +NF+ MDS
  • Bandwidth, Wideband vs narrowband digital or analog?
  • Beamwidth
  • Snapshot management, shadow time, pulse density
  • Hardware configured systems, still an applicable approach?
  • Choosing a single technology, a good idea? What about conflicting

requirements of LPI vs conventional blue water vs littorals

  • Basic operator features:- Operational need vs engineers analysis tool
  • Analysis using 3rd party SW and HW, choices of system breaks
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EWC

ESM Processor

SAAB NAVAL ESM SOLUTION: U/SME SYSTEMS

Banded RWS Wideband AQR ESM System Controller Tracks Histogram RF Dist EW System Controller Operators Console CMS ECM Nav Recorder Internal Comms Manager FCR1 FCR2 MRR LPI NAV NAV SHF Raw Data ECM Blanking/recording

GPS Antenna Omni Antenna Omni/GPS Rx D FD FD F D F D F D F Gain/

  • ffset

and PSU

Amplitude DF antenna

Cal Synth Tasked Analysis Rx

Fine DF Antenna (Phase or directional)

DRX-400

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U/SME-200, and U/SME-100:

Physical Overview

MFCC Integrated EWP SDU

ECM CMS Blanking GPS INS

Antennas:

  • Omni-directional only (submarines)
  • Amplitude DF
  • Amplitude and Phase DF
  • Directional.
  • Hybrid (Parallel) Receiver Architecture:
  • Wide Band Acquisition Rx
  • Channelised Radar Warning
  • Narrow Band Analysis (ELINT) Rx
  • LPI Rx (Integrated into above Rx’s)
  • Laser Warning Receiver

Key Features:

  • LPI Detection, Analysis and DF
  • CW & Multipath Immunity
  • High Pulse Density
  • Extensive Data Analysis and Recording
  • Option of 0,7 to 40GHz Capability
  • Qualified to NATO Standards
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Key Features

  • Identification and Classification
  • Beamrider Detection Capability
  • Bearing Accuracy typically 5° at sea
  • Compact
  • Band 1: 0.532 µm (Dazzler)
  • Band 2: 0.75 - 0.95 µm (Beamrider)
  • Band 3: 0.85 - 1.7 µm (Designator/Rangefinder

Maturity: Installed Base

  • Parma Trials
  • Baynunah
  • German MCMV – Deployed Lebanon

System Overview- Laser Warning

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Effectors

  • Choices of technologies:

Active onboard Active offboard (future) Passive (Distraction, seduction, obscurance)

  • Managed by means of partnerships for active and passive ECM
  • Integrated using an ECM controller concept
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Effectors- Active

  • Active in partnership with ELT:

Beam steering using phase arrays port and starboard Engagement of up to eight simultaneous targets High power of typically +90 dBm Platform stabilised DRFM Based Supports combinations of active and passive Once set-on performs own target tracking

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Deployment without shadowing effects MASS RCS Effect

Effectors-Passive

  • Passive in partnership with Rheinmetaal:
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MASS RCS Density MASS OMNI TRAP (>10m²/m²) Standard Decoy (1m²/m²)

Effectors-Passive

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MASS Effectiveness against narrow range gates (2nd and 3rd generation ASM‘s)

  • nly possible with programmable fuze

ammunition

Effectors-Passive

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Screening IR RF Effectors-Passive

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Integrated Sensor suite for Minehunter and Fast- Attack craft (MASS, NLWS and SME-100)

RWM MASS

RWM Laser Sensor RWM ESM

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Integrated Frigate EW System Solution

Integration with CMS and ECM

  • Flexibility in design -use
  • f open architecture
  • Data transfer response

times

  • Data exchange with

CMS- both directions

  • Audio integration
  • Interoperability with

Radar

  • Interoperability with

ECM- lookthru, blanking

  • SHF SATCOM tx and

Inmarsat Tx

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PAGE 35 SAAB AVITRONICS

Thank you. Any Questions?