Recent Results of GHG Monitoring at the Zotino Tall Tower - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Recent Results of GHG Monitoring at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO)

• Status Report 7/2009 -

Jan Winderlich, Martin Heimann Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany

Predicted climate change Predicted climate change 2080 2080-

• 2100

2100 -

• 1980

1980-

• 2000

2000 Scenario SRES A1B Scenario SRES A1B Multimodel Multimodel Mean Mean

IPCC AR4, 2007

Precipitation Soil moisture Temperature

CO CO2

2 -

• CH

CH4

4 -

• Aerosols

Aerosols-

• Air

Air Chemistry Chemistry -

• Climate

Climate

• Interactions in the

Interactions in the Boreal Zone Boreal Zone

• Fundamental

Scientific Questions:

• What ist the

magnitude of the feedback factor?

• What is the balance
• f CO2 vs CH4

emissions?

• Magnitudes?
• Timescales?
• Critical Regions?

McGuire et al., 2009, Ecological Monographs

Northern Eurasia in the Global Northern Eurasia in the Global Biogeochemical Context: Biogeochemical Context: Overarching Questions Overarching Questions

• What is the regional contribution to the global trace

gas budgets (primarily CO2 and CH4)?

• Can we separate and quantify the direct versus the

indirect (feedback) fluxes?

• What is the recent history of the regional trace gas

budgets? Variability? Drivers?

• Are there thresholds in the forcing which will

negatively impact vulnerable pools or processes?

• How will the regional budgets evolve over the next

100 years?

Carbon cycle Carbon cycle -

• climate system feedbacks

climate system feedbacks

C C4

4MIP

MIP:

:

Coupled Carbon Cycle Coupled Carbon Cycle -

• Climate Model Simulations:

Climate Model Simulations: Cumulative climate feedback effect Cumulative climate feedback effect

• n terrestrial carbon stocks
• n terrestrial carbon stocks

∆ ∆ (2100

(2100 -

• 1900)

1900) (

(N Ncoupled

coupled -

• N

Nuncoupled

uncoupled)

) Global 60N-90N

C4MIP Simulations, Friedlingstein et al., 2006

Soils Vegetation

Elementary terrestrial carbon cycle Elementary terrestrial carbon cycle -

• climate system

climate system feedbacks feedbacks

Heimann and Reichstein, 2008

Missing processes: Missing processes: Permafrost soil carbon Permafrost soil carbon -

• climate feedbacks

climate feedbacks

Heimann and Reichstein, 2008

Quantification of regional greenhouse gas balances Quantification of regional greenhouse gas balances

Zotino Tall Tower Observatory Zotino Tall Tower Observatory 60 60° °E, 90 E, 90° °N N

Longer term climate development in Central Siberia Longer term climate development in Central Siberia

Forest NEE PAR < T >

Flux Measurements near Flux Measurements near Zotino, 60.75 Zotino, 60.75° °N, 89.38 N, 89.38° °E E (Eddy Covariance Method) (Eddy Covariance Method) [ [Shibistova Shibistova et al., 2004] et al., 2004]

Zotino 300 m Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) Zotino 300 m Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO)

View from 304m Level View from 304m Level

Laboratory Bunker Pergola Scientists House Generators

International Science and Technology Center (ISTC)

• V. Rudneva
• M. Heimann
• J. Winderlich

E.D. Schulze Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany

• M. O. Andreae
• N. Jürgens

Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany

• W. Birmili
• J. Heintzenberg

Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany

• M. Gloor

University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

• A. Manning
• E. Kozlova

University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

• A. Skorochod
• A. M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric

Physics, RAS, Moscow, Russia

• E. Vaganov
• S. Verkovhets
• V. I. Sukachev Institute of Forest, RAS,

Krasnojarsk, Russia

ZOTTO Consortium

Why 300m Tall Tower? Why 300m Tall Tower?

Footprint Analysis Typical aircraft CO2 concentration profiles over Zotino

Styles et al., 2002

Daytime atmospheric CO Daytime atmospheric CO2

2 concentration

concentration measurements in PBL at Zotino Tall Tower measurements in PBL at Zotino Tall Tower Observatory Observatory (ZOTTO, 60 (ZOTTO, 60° °N, 90 N, 90° °E) E)

Kozlova et al., 2008

Current Setup at ZOTTO Current Setup at ZOTTO since April 2009 since April 2009

• Measure CO2 / CH4 / H2O at 6 height levels
• New system: Picarro, Inc.:

EnviroSense 3000i, ESP-1000 platform

• Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS)

92 m 158 m 227 m 301 m 52 m 4 m

• Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy:
• light absorption

decay of light

• time measurement

concentration calculation

• low maintenance

CO CO2

2/CH

/CH4

4/H

/H2

2O Measurement with Picarro

O Measurement with Picarro

Stabilization: p = 140 torr f ~ 230 sccm T = 40 °C

[Crosson, 2007]

Airflow

Implementation: Plumbing Diagram Implementation: Plumbing Diagram

• Aim: Air from 6 tower levels to 1 instrument (at ZOTTO)

pR f f

6x 4x

inlet air filter

p f

… pressure gauge flush

15 slpm 240 sccm

selection valve purge

300 sccm

tubing ≤ 300 m cal gas tower

p

to purge … flow meter Picarro analyzer

p f

8ℓ buffer

Implementation in the Laboratory Container Implementation in the Laboratory Container

Current data from 2009 Current data from 2009

• Like an early

summer day may look like

• But no data out
• f Russia, yet.
• artificial data:

12:00 noon (local time) 0:00 midnight 6:00 morning 18:00 evening ZOTTO CO2 time series 378 ppm 390 ppm

• D. Mollicone, E.-D. Schulze (pers. comm)

1 Oligotrophic pools and sphagnum lawns mire complexes 2 Oligotrophic ridge- hollow complexes 3 Oligotrophic dwarf shrubs-sphagnum bogs 4 Ombrotrophic pine dwarf shrubs sphagnum bogs 5 Minerotrophic sedge- moss lawns and through flow fens 6 Wooded swamps (sogras)

Peat land ecosystems in the ZOTTO area Peat land ecosystems in the ZOTTO area

Back trajectories

30.4.09 – 5 dys 28.5.09 – 5 dys

[http://inversions.lsce.ipsl.fr/]

ZOTTO ×

CO2 flux in July 2004

ZOTTO ×

CH4 flux in July 2004

Inversions

CO CO2

2 Inversions:

Inversions: No evidence of positive trend in northern latitudes No evidence of positive trend in northern latitudes

ICOS CarboScope (www.carboscope.eu), CARBONTRACKER-EU, LSCE-Inversion, MPI-BGC Jena Inversion

Boreal Eurasia Northern Hemisphere

Observing strategy Observing strategy -

• Top

Top-

• down method:

down method: Possible surface source uncertainty reduction from Possible surface source uncertainty reduction from atmospheric concentration measurement network atmospheric concentration measurement network

Instrumentation list Instrumentation list

• Meteo-data at tower and on ground - Jena
• CO2, CH4, H2O - Jena
• Aerosols - Leipzig
• Reactive gases (O3, NOx) - Moscow
• CO - Mainz
• Flasks - Jena

Particle Size Distribution Particle Size Distribution -

• Comparison with

Comparison with Europe Europe

Heintzenberg et al., Tellus, 2008

IfT, Leipzig

ZOTTO 2006-2007 Europe: Schauinsland 2005-2007 Zugspitze 2004-2007

Conclusions Conclusions

• BGC processes play important role in climate

system

• New Picarro system promises low maintenance

measurements

• Thus ZOTTO
• closes large gap in knowledge about carbon

cycle monitoring

• reduces uncertainties of inverse models

Effect of growing season length Effect of growing season length Response in ORCHIDEE model Response in ORCHIDEE model

Piao et al., 2007