GHG Emissions in Renewable Feedstock Production Accounting and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 1 of 22

GHG Emissions in Renewable Feedstock Production

Accounting and Mitigation Calculation of GHG emissions and GHG mitigation related to biomethane production

23 May 2017, Brussels Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e. V. European Biogas Association

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 2 of 22

BIOSURF (BIOmethane as SUstainable and Renewable Fuel) aims to increase the production and use of biomethane (from animal waste, other waste materials and sustainable biomass), for grid injection and as transport fuel by removing non-technical barriers and by paving the way towards a European biomethane market. The project BIOUSRF (within WP5) aims to reduce the uncertainties related to the calculation of GHG emissions for biomethane value chains in order to provide assistance to economic operators in their day-to-day work.

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 3 of 22

source: BIOSURF D5.1

• Deliverable 5.1:

 Discussion of main Issues, specialities and challenges for GHG- accounting of Biomethane  Methodological recommendations

• Deliverable 5.2:

 comprehensive database on emission savings in relation to nutrient recycling, use of agricultural by products and waste streams

• Deliverable 5.3:

 Calculation of GHG-emissions for various biomethane pathways

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 4 of 22

Motivation

• In the recent years, the demonstration of GHG mitigation effects from the

production and use of biofuels has gained significant importance:

• RED (Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC):

 10% target for energy from renewable sources in the transport sector by 2020  Sustainability requirements for biofuels

• FQD (Fuel Quality Directive 2009/30/EC):

 Definition of a GHG reduction target in the national “mixture” of transportation fuels

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 5 of 22

Basic calculation methodology GHG-mitigation potential

According to Annex V of the EU RED, three possibilities exist for biofuel producers to prove that the GHG-mitigation potential of their biofuel meets the defined requirements and thresholds 1. The use of the default values for the biofuels included in Annex V of the EU RED 2. An individual calculation based on actual values 3. A combination of actual values and disaggregated default values from EU RED Annex V.

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 6 of 22

GHG calculations according to RED

cultivation processing transport use CO2-capture surplus electricity

According to EU RED Annex V

GHG-Emissions from: GHG-Emission savings from: eec = the extraction or cultivation of raw materials esca = soil carbon accumulation via improved agricultural management el = the carbon stock changes caused by land-use change eccs = carbon capture and geological storage ep = processing eccr = carbon capture and replacement etd = transport and distribution eee = excess electricity from cogeneration eu = the fuel in use

6

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 7 of 22

Effects of Manure Treatments

untreated separation drying digestion

m a n u r e

Avoiding uncontrolled GHG emissions No If immediately treated



Destroying weed seeds No



Destroying Plant Offshoot (invasive species) No



Destroying Plant Pathogens No



Carbon Recovery to Soil

   

Energy Recovery



www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 8 of 22

Biomethane from slurry/manure

Source: BIOSURF D5.2

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 9 of 22

• Significant emission savings

from avoided slurry/manure storage

• Impact of process energy

supply

Source: DBFZ; BIOSURF D5.3

Biomethane from slurry/manure

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 10 of 22

Source: Solid and gaseous bioenergy pathways: input values and GHG emissions calculated according to the methodology set in COM(2010) 11 and SWD(2014) (.JRC 2015)

Biomethane from slurry/manure

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 11 of 22

Sensitivity analysis

Most sensitive parameter:

• (gastight) storage of the digestate,
• Energy supply,
• Plant operation/management

 methane emissions

Source: DBFZ; BIOSURF D5.3

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 12 of 22

Expected emissions from untreated storage of manure in the EU

2.000.000 4.000.000 6.000.000 8.000.000 10.000.000 12.000.000 AT BE BG CY CZ DK DE EE ES FI FR GR HR HU IE IT LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK UK

[t CO2 equi]

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 13 of 22

Expected GHG Emission Mitigation

• If 33% of European manure was treated via AD

Total Amount of Manure Anaerobic Digestion Amount of manure Emissions from untreated total amount manure GHG Emission mitigation via AD

• f 33% of manure

GHG emission compared to oil combustion Total GHG emission mitigation [t VS a-1] [t CO2-equ] [t CO2-equ] [t CO2-equ] [t CO2-equ] 230 000 000 47 000 000 16 000 000 40 000 000 56 000 000

Total EU emissions in 2014: 4.4 bio t CO2eq

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 14 of 22

The variety of technological pathways

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 15 of 22

Effects of Treatment of Catch Crops

Bare fallow Rotting on Field Harvesting and Digesting

C a t c h c r

• p

s

Avoiding uncontrolled GHG Emissions no no



Avoiding Nutrient and Carbon Degassing no no



Safe Nutrient Storage

no partly



Avoiding Soil Erosion no

 

Carbon Recovery to Soil no

 

Energy Recovery no no



www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 16 of 22

Carbon Cycling: Catch Crops

Digesting: brings nearly the same amount of Carbon back to soil (10 – 15 % difference

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 17 of 22

Nutrient Cycling: Catch Crops

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%

Growth yield of Nitrogen Remained Nitrogen after rotting process Nitrogen in biogas Nitrogen in digestate measurement serie 1 measurement serie 2 measurement serie 3

Carbon path if digested

Degassing and N leakage into ground water Digestions: Save nutrient storage

Nutrient Path if digested

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 18 of 22

Open topics on European Policy

• If application of digestate to soil
• Allocation of nutrients within digestate
• Fertilisers Regulation 2003/2003
• Nitrates Directive 91/676/EEC)
• Allocation of carbon within digestate
• Allocation of added value of digestate
• Destroying of pathogens, weed seeds
• GHG savings from source-separated biodegradable fraction in

municipal waste (biowaste)

• Account GHG savings from nutrient recycling (NPK) and organic

carbon recycling which would be lost otherwise (e.g. incineration, landfilling)

• Cross reference RED objectives with Landfill Directive and Waste

Framework Directive objectives

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 19 of 22

Summary of Benefits

Many Advantages of Treatment of Manure and Agricultural Residues via Anaerobic Digestion:

• Mitigation of uncontrolled GHG emissions
• Destroying Plant Pathogens and Seed Weeds
• Carbon Recovery to Soil
• Nutrient Recovery to Soil
• Energy recovery
• Protection of soil erosion

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 20 of 22

Renewable Energy House Rue d'Arlon 63-65 B - 1040 Brussels

+32 24.00.10 – 89 info@european-biogas.eu www.european-biogas.eu

European Biogas Association

Bruno Deremince, EBA deremince@european-biogas.eu Stefanie Scheidl, EBA scheidl@european-biogas.eu Stefan Majer, DBFZ Stefan.majer@dbfz.de

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 21 of 22

GHG Mitigation by AD of Manure

• GHG emissions of livestock contribute to 18% to global warming 

more than transpor sector

• 9% of worldwide CO2 emissions,
• 37% of worldwide CH4 emissions and
• 65% of worldwide N2O emissions (FAO, 2006)
• Treatment of manure in focus of European and national legislation

(environment, climate, waste treatment, renewable energies)

• Italy (37%), Greece (35%) and Germany (15%) treat most of their

manure (not only AD)

• Manure treatment: European average 8%

(Foged, Flotats, Blasi, Palatsi, Magri, & Schelde, 2011)

www.biosurf.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Slide 22 of 22

Effects of Manure Treatments

untreated separation drying digestion

m a n u r e

Avoiding uncontrolled GHG emissions No If immediately treated



Destroying weed seeds No



Destroying Plant Offshoot (invasive species) No



Destroying Plant Pathogens No



Carbon Recovery to Soil

   

Energy Recovery

