Policy Implications & Survey Results for Water & Sanitation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Policy Implications & Survey Results for Water & Sanitation in Dilla, SNNPR, Ethiopia

Alyssa Shumaker, Columbia Water Center

Agenda

Introduction to Ethiopia Problem Description & Data Collection Methods Analysis Proposed Solution Challenges & Next Steps

2

Introduction to Ethiopia

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Ethiopia: Facts and Figures

Located in the Sub-Saharan “Horn of Africa” Slightly twice the size of Texas Population is 96 million Up to 60%

• f the current disease burden

in Ethiopia is attributable to poor sanitation Approximately 21 ,000 Ethiopian children die each year from diarrhea An Ethiopian child is 30 times more likely to die by his or her fifth birthday than a child in Western Europe

4

Political Situation

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Case Study and Subject: Dilla, SNNPR

• Population approximately

1 00,000

• 369 km from Addis Ababa
• Exports: Coffee, meat; fruits
• Contains University,

Hospital, capital of Gedeo Zone

• Major water source: Chichu

River

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Peace Corps Volunteer, 2012 - 2014

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Problem Description & Data Collection Methods

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Data Collection Periods in Dilla over Time

201 2 201 4 201 6

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2013

71 Survey Participants

• Needs Analysis
• Findings:

○ Water Scarcity Top Need ○ 4 of 5 top morbidity rates adults & children water-related

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2014, Literature

1 32 Households Findings: 75%

• f HH do not have piped

water when desired Alternatives: water vendors, rivers, or hand dug 25%

• f HH Diarrheal Disease

Willingness to pay for 20-liter jerry can per household between .1 9 and .21 cents ETB

12

2016

• 1

62 Survey Participants ○ 5 Areas of the City ○ Analyzed: Water collection, water use, purchasing decisions; costing mechanisms

• Stakeholder Analysis, Interviews, Focus Groups,

Qualitative Research Collection also conducted

• Findings:

○ Water Treatment Plant supplies 30,000/1 00,000 ○ Water treated inconsistently with chlorine ○ Recent cholera epidemic ○ Hospital still cites 4 of 5 outpatient disease water-related ○ 85% of HH willing to pay between 2 and 3 ETB for jerry can, 1 4x greater than in 201 4

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Above: Storage tanker at Dilla Treatment Plant Left: Water treatment chlorination process

Analysis

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Monthly Precipitation Overlay 1981 - 2016

Graph, Pierre Cruikshank

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Monthly Average Precipitation

Graph, Pierre Cruikshank

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Proposed Solution

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Problem Tracing

Water Problems in Dilla, SNNPR Lack of Water Supply and Storage Lack of Rain Water Harvesting No Investment in Potential Technology Lack of Funds at Key Locations Improve the Water Situation in Dilla, SNNPR Possess Additional Water Storage and Supply Increased Rainwater Harvesting Increase Awareness and Investment in Potential Technology Invest Funds at Key Locations 19

Supplemented Water Targeting Key Locations for Maximum Impact

Cost: approx. $2000/tanker Materials readily available and wide range

• f use

Easy to install Low treatment required

Water in Dilla low in chloroforms, lacking fluoride, nitrates, and nitrites

Manual and some implementation done at Health Centers by UNICEF

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Health Center Statistics

Catchment Area: 69,000 people On average, 1 20 patients seen per day Main source of water: piped water Average water/week used 3,000 liters UNICEF minimum recommended 4,000 liters/day Services affected by lack of water: deliveries, sanitation services, and availability of drinking water Storage is limited to 1 ,000L tanker Roof approximately 1 50 m2

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Directly above: Dilla Hospital Administration Building

Dilla Town Health Center

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16 m2 4 m2 14 m2 4 m2 4 m2

Total Approximate Size: 153 m2

Rainwater Harvesting Options and Demand Implications

Tank Size (liters) Winter Spring Summer Fall Yearly 2,500 38 76 63 46 56 5,000 43 87 76 58 66 10,000 44 92 86 70 73 12,500 44 92 89 74 75

• 1

52m2 rooftop

• .7 capture

efficiency

• First flush filter

225 liters every time

• ver 3 days

no rain

• Demand

428L/day

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Intervention + Sustainability

Objective 1 Increase water quantity and access through self-sustaining rainwater harvesting installations in SNNPR, Ethiopia Objective 2 Increase health access and effective treatment through more sanitary facilities and cleaner water

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Challenges & Next Steps

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Challenges

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Unknown price points Lack of known partners and/or international NGOs working in the area Communication Seasonal variability Circumventing the problem, not fixing the root problem (infrastructure) Hard to determine use of health center as water scarcity now contributes to inaccurate use Maintenance and sustainability plans

Next steps

Field Visit in June, 201 7 Establish Feasibility, Identify Partners, Verify Data

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Implications of Political Situation

No major NGO working on water needs in the south Aligns with complaints from marginalized communities “Charities and Societies Proclamation” limits NGO involvement Major road to Dilla has been under construction for over 2 years, pushing a 2 hour drive into a 3 hour drive

Photo, CNN

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Thank You & Questions

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Annex 1. Problem Tree

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Annex 2: Dilla Town Treatment Plant

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Above: Beginning of Intake Process

Annex 2. Rainwater Roof Culture

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Photo and Culture, Mark Brotman

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Annex 3. CNN Clip