Sanitation Interventions vis-à-vis Scaling and sustainability M. KULLAPPA & SURS India team Water and Sanitation Program (WSP)/ The world Bank
Summary The study focused on the processes and sustainability of Sanitation Interventions under NBA to understand the • Relationship between Interventions and Sustainability • Driving forces for high performance and retarding forces for low performance • Challenges and barriers for scaling up Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
Methodology • Sample survey in 56 districts of 12 states covering about 10,000 households (over 50000 population); 112 NGP GPs • Interventions divided in to three components • 15 indicators developed and attributed a score totaling to 100 to assess the level of sustainability; Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
Process Rating Scale • Each Component is divided into 3 sub- components • Each subcomponent comprises 5 indicators • Each indicator is assigned a score • Max score = 100 Catalyzing • Scoring weight in Implementing favor of sustainability Sustaining
Assessment Levels of Quality of Processes TSC/ NBA is 80 increasing 67 70 61 coverage but 58 60 processes to 48 prevent slippage 50 are weak % 40 30 20 10 0 Catalyzing Implementing Sustaining Total Process Score Process Components Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
Overall Quality of Processes is Significantly Correlated with Sustainability Weak Strong Processes and Processes and Low Usage High Usage Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
Catalyzing Effect is Significantly Correlated with Sustainability Strong Weak Catalyzing Catalyzing Processes and Processes and High Usage Low Usage Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
Implementation Effect is Significantly Correlated with Sustainability Strong Implementation Weak and High Usage Implementati on and Low Usage Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
Sustaining Effect is Significantly Correlated with Sustainability Strong Sustaining Weak Processes and High Sustaining Usage Processes and Low Usage Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
Key Success Factors • HH investing own resources • Dedicated personnel for logistic and other support to reach all • Choice in technology option based on community preference • Implementation in phases • Rewards and recognition for staff • Utilization of funding for long term usage/quality • Effective use of Mass media • Checking NGP applications before forwarding to GoI Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
Barriers/Challenges as identified • Inter-department coordination • focus is on household toilet coverage rather than achieving 100% ODF status • Less priority for Sanitation as against other development programs • Non availability of human resources to give thrust for sanitation initiatives • Focus on a particular technology option rather than a menu of choices Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
High Performers have done this! Strategy => Collective behavior change Incentives for Outcomes Outcomes Collective Monitor HH invest own Strong political / resources administrative buy-in Facilitate supply Dedicated Institutional ODF Communities linkage Arrangement & Better management Create demand for Build Capacity to safe sanitation facilitate BCC Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
Low performers have done this Strategy => Meet Construction Targets Upfront h/w Counting subsidy toilets Technology fit to unit Weak political / cost administrative buy-in Contractors Weak Institutional Toilet Construction Arrangement engaged to build toilets Weak Capacity Assume construction will lead to demand Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
Suggestions : Way Forward +ve = Supply and Availability of Funding. Need to focus on • Monitoring outcomes and reporting quality data • Creating demand for sanitation through behavior change • Delivery of subsidy as per NBA Guidelines , pay direct into beneficiary bank a/c after ODF habitation • Competition to sustain NGP can help to ensure that NGP winners are not ‘forgotten’ Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
Thank you! Open for Questions/Comments!
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