MICROALGAE CULTURE MICROALGAE CULTURE BIO301 Prof Michael - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

MICROALGAE CULTURE MICROALGAE CULTURE BIO301

Prof Michael Borowitzka Algae R&D Center

Lecturers

Prof Michael Borowitzka m.borowitzka@murdoch.edu.au 9360 2333 Dr Navid Moheimani n.moheimani@murdoch.edu.au 9360 2682

Algae R & D Center

What are algae? What are algae?

Habitats

• Water (freshwater to hypersaline brines)
• Soil
• Trees etc.
• Symbionts of lichens, ferns, cycads,

sponges, molluscs, corals, flatworms etc etc.

• Salinity:

freshwater to saturated brines

Prokaryote Ancestor Heterotrophic Flagellate Glaucophyta Rhodophyta

Cyanobacterium

Chlorophyta

Heterokontophyta Haptophta Dinophyta Cryptophyta Primaeval Brown Flagellate(s?)

Heterotrophic dinoflagellate Dinophyta Dinophyta Dinophyta

Euglenophyta

Size – ~40m to ~1μm

μ

Aphanothece Nostoc

Amphidinium

Pfiesteria - life history

Nutritional Modes Nutritional Modes

• Photoautotrophy

– Light + inorganic nutrients – Most microalgae

• Heterotrophy

– Organic compounds (dark) – Some species (esp. greens, euglenoids & dinos)

• Mixotrophy

– Mixture of phototrophy + heterotrophy

• Phagotrophy

ALGAL BIOTECHNOLOGY ALGAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Commercial Species Commercial Species

Chlorella – Japan, Taiwan (Indonesia, Czech Republic) Spirulina – Mexico, USA, Thailand (China, India, Taiwan) Dunaliella salina – Australia, Israel, USA (India, China) Haematococcus – USA (India, Israel) Late 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1990’s + Microalgae for aquaculture

Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis

Chlorella

Dunaliella salina Dunaliella salina

Haematococcus pluvialis

Products Products

  Carotenoids Carotenoids   Fatty Acids Fatty Acids   Phycobilins Phycobilins   Enzymes Enzymes   Vitamins Vitamins   Polysaccharides Polysaccharides   Bioactive Bioactive Compounds Compounds   Biomass Biomass   Biofuels Biofuels

Algae in Aquaculture Algae in Aquaculture

  Algae in their own right Algae in their own right   Algae as larval feeds ( Algae as larval feeds (especially for especially for molluscs, crustaceans and, to a lesser molluscs, crustaceans and, to a lesser extent, fish extent, fish) )   Algal carotenoids as Algal carotenoids as pigmenters pigmenters in feed in feed ( (prawns, salmonid fish prawns, salmonid fish) )   Algae as food in Algae as food in growout growout stage ( stage (molluscs molluscs) )

N N H H HO OH O O

Selected Selected Bioactives Bioactives

  Cryptophycins Cryptophycins (anti (anti-

• mitotic) from

mitotic) from Nostoc Nostoc sp. [US Patents

• sp. [US Patents

5945315, 5945315, 5952298, 5955423] 5952298, 5955423]   Cyanovirins Cyanovirins (anti (anti-

• viral) [US Patents 5998587, 6015876]

viral) [US Patents 5998587, 6015876]   Antibacterials [US Patent 5866150] from Antibacterials [US Patent 5866150] from Chaetoceros Chaetoceros sp. sp.   Sunscreens Sunscreens -

• carotenoids,

carotenoids, scytonemin scytonemin, , mycosporine mycosporine amino acids [Canadian Patent Application 2251457] from amino acids [Canadian Patent Application 2251457] from Plectonema Plectonema boryanum boryanum

Algae and the Environment Algae and the Environment

  New applications for microalgae in New applications for microalgae in wastewater treatment wastewater treatment

  higher higher efficieny efficieny wastewater treatment through wastewater treatment through immobilised algae or immobilised algae or hyperconcentrated hyperconcentrated algal algal cultures cultures   new culture systems (tropical & temperate) new culture systems (tropical & temperate)   algal/bacterial systems in soil bioremediation algal/bacterial systems in soil bioremediation   heavy metal absorption heavy metal absorption

 

Detection systems for toxic algae Detection systems for toxic algae

  DNA probes, immunological markers DNA probes, immunological markers

  Management of algal blooms Management of algal blooms

  Species Species-

• specific viruses

specific viruses

Algae and the Environment Algae and the Environment

  Algae and renewable energy Algae and renewable energy

  Liquid fuels (biodiesel, bioethanol) Liquid fuels (biodiesel, bioethanol)   Hydrogen production Hydrogen production

  Algae in mine site revegetation Algae in mine site revegetation

Algae Oil Remaining Biomass Other Product(s)? Saline Water

Light Nutrients CO2 (from Power Station or similar source)

Recycle water

Anaerobic Digestion

Animal feed Methane Nutrients Algae sugars Ethanol Biodiesel GROW HARVEST EXTRACT

A Al lg ga a P Pr ro

• d

du uc ct ts s E Es st ti im ma at te ed d C Co

• s

st t ( ($ $U US S/ /k kg g d dr ry y w wt t) ) Chlorella Biomass >15 Crypthecodinium DHA < 3 Dunaliella Beta-carotene < 10 Haematococcus Astaxanthin < 200 Spirulina Biomass 12 - 18 Aquaculture spp Biomass 60 - 200+

Estimated from lowest sale price of product

Culture Systems Culture Systems

• Extensive Open Ponds (Dunaliella salina)
• Raceway Ponds (Spirulina)
• Centre Pivot Ponds (Chlorella)
• Hybrid (Closed reactor/open raceway)

(Haematococcus pluvialis)

• Fermentor (Crypthecodinium cohnii)
• Big Bags (Aquaculture species)
• Tubular Photobioreactor (?)

Measuring Growth

In exponential growth dx = dt (1) Where  is the ‘specific growth rate with dimension of 1/t Eqn 1 can be integrated (x=x0 at t=0) x = e0 et (2) Eqn

• 2. can be solved to:

ln x/x0 = t (3) When x = 2x0 ln 2 = t2 (4) and t2 = ln 2/ = 0.693/ (5) Where t2 is the ‘doubling time’

Time taken for cell No to double