Lecture 14 The Arts and Economic Development Professor Julia Lowell lowell@econ.ucsb.edu Spring 2012 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 1
Outline: Lecture 14 • Class project, Homeworks 10 and 13 discussion • Support for the arts in the United States and abroad • The arts and economic development 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 2
CLASS PROJECT CI TI ES & COORDI NATORS: ANY CHANGES? 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 3
Class Project: Team Cities City 1 City 2 Team 1 New Orleans Miami Team 2 Minneapolis Santa Barbara Team 3 Berkeley Anaheim Team 4 Boulder Thousand Oaks Team 5 Cincinnati Reno 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 4
Class Project: Coordinators City 1 Team 1 Megan Team 2 Holly Team 3 Patrick Team 4 Tina Team 5 Regina 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 5
DI SCUSSI ON OF HOMEW ORKS 1 0 AND 1 3 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 6
Homework for Monday 5/ 21 (HW13a) International Comparisons of Arts Funding The United States ranks well below Australia, Canada, and most European countries in international comparisons of central government grants and subsidies to artists and arts organizations. Can you therefore infer that the United States is less generous than these countries in terms of public support for the arts and culture? Why or why not? Explain. 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 7
HW13 – A Good Answer Thanks, David! “We cannot infer that the United States is less generous than these countries in terms of public support for the arts and culture based on this information because our arts and cultures are supported differently . The United States system differs than the European system because we primarily support the arts indirectly through our tax system. This indirect support is strong showing that our government does promote the arts. In addition, the arts in the United States are mainly funded by earned income, which reflects that many people in the country spend money on the arts, and reduces the need for direct government support.” 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 8
Homework 13 – Other Considerations In addition to including indirect support (“tax expenditures”), international comparisons of arts support should: • Make sure that the definition of “artists and arts organizations” is the same across countries • Include all levels of government – not just the central government 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 9
Homework 10 for Wednesday 5/ 9 DROP ONE CI TY – YOU SHOULD NOW HAVE 3 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Em ploym ent Statistics, http:/ / w w w .bls.gov/ oes/ data.htm # (1) For each of your 3 remaining cities, find – 2010 population (you should have this already) – Number & mean hourly wage of architects; graphic designers; musicians and singers; authors; and photographers – (3) Write down a brief definition of each occupation (2) For each city, calculate the number of artists in each category per 10,000 people Check website for more instructions. 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 10
Homework 10 for Wednesday 5/ 9 • Go to Internet • Example – St. Louis, MO 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 11
Homework 10 for Wednesday 5/ 9 • Go to Internet • Example – St. Louis, MO Architects Graphic Musicians / Authors Photograph Designers Singers ers Hourly Mean Wage 33.6 22.22 35.44 30.68 14.09 Employment: 1410 1920 340 300 630 Employment per 10,000 5.00 6.81 1.21 1.06 2.24 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 12
HW10 Artists in Your Cities: Hourly Mean Wage Architects Graphic Musicians / Authors Photograph Designers Singers ers Anaheim 38.02 24.36 28.31 29.37 15.53 42.91 23.53 47.73 31.26 14.1 Berkeley Boulder 27.63 22.14 47.65 23.48 13.25 Cincinnati 40.24 23.41 30.31 22.04 14.96 Miami Minneapolis 34.14 18.89 na 25.97 12.61 New Orleans Santa Barbara 31.01 22.41 50.19 27.15 13.23 44.47 22.13 75.44 28.03 18.28 Thousand Oaks 38.85 Reno 20.46 18.76 na na 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 13
Class Project - HW13b Homework for Monday 5/ 21 Let each of your team members be responsible for one of the following tasks for your 2 cities: 1. I dentify the relevant state and local art councils (may be more than one local council). What kinds of organizations/ activities do they fund? 2. I dentify private foundations that operate there. What do they fund? 3. Find as many artists’ membership organizations as you can 4. Find organizations that are focused on particular ethnicities, cultures and neighborhoods. What are the largest ethnic groups in town? 5. What are the primary industries/ biggest companies? 6. Key cultural events/ activities/ places? (What should a visitor do?) 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 14
Class Project - HW13b State and Local Arts Councils • Identify the relevant state and local art councils (may be more than one local council). – State arts council is easy to identify – “Local” art councils may include a regional arts council (for example, Denver Scientific and Cultural District includes 7 counties); a county arts council (so need to know what county each city is in) as well as one or more city arts council(s) – May be more than one city arts council—for example, may have one council that supports/ advises on public arts installments – Do * not* include councils for cities unrelated to yours—Glendale may be right next to Burbank, but Glendale Arts & Culture Commission will not fund arts orgs or activities in Burbank • What kinds of organizations/ activities do they fund? 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 15
Class Project - HW13b State and Local Art Councils: St. Louis • Identify the relevant state and local art councils (may be more than one local council). – Missouri Arts Council – St. Louis Regional Arts Council – Hispanic Arts Council of St. Louis – Arts and Education Council of St. Louis – Northern Arts Council (North St. Louis) • What kinds of organizations/ activities do they fund? – Grants listing available on websites 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 16
Class Project - HW13b Foundation Funding (1) • Identify private foundations that operate there – Foundation Center data reveal where foundations are headquarted, not always the same as where they operate (fund). – For example, a foundation headquartered in Ft. Lauderdale that is listed as “primarily active in New Jersey” may not do any funding in Florida at all – Can’t claim them for Ft. Lauderdale, but won’t necessarily know about them for New Jersey • What do they fund? 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 17
Class Project (HW13b) Foundation Funding (2) • What do they fund? Look at Top 10 Funders (Foundation Center) Look at Top 50 recipients (Foundation Center) Google searches 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 18
Class Project (HW13b) Foundation Funding: St Louis • Identify private foundations that operate there – Foundation Center’s “Foundation Finder” identifies most if not all St. Louis area foundations – too many! – Foundation Center’s “Find Funders” feature provides top funders for St. Louis Foundation Nam e, State, Type1 , Total Dollars, Aw arded No. of Grants 1 . Gateway Foundation MO IN $ 18,343,187 10 2 . Emerson Charitable Trust MO CS 9,820,827 139 3 . Monsanto Fund MO CS 9,001,731 66 4 . Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation WA IN 8,377,350 3 5 . Anheuser-Busch Foundation MO CS 7,415,000 39 6 . Horncrest Foundation, Inc. NY IN 5,293,275 23 7 . Howard G. Buffett Foundation IL IN 5,172,451 3 8 . The JSM Charitable Trust MO IN 4,969,977 9 9 . The Susan Thompson Buffett Foundation NE IN 4,951,968 7 1 0 . The Edward D. Jones & Co. Foundation MO CS 3,822,273 38 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 19
Class Project (HW13b) Artists Membership Groups (1) Find as many artists’ membership organizations as you can Artists’ Membership Organizations/ Community Arts Centers These can be tough to find—as far as I know, there is no centralized place where this information is collected. Your best bet will often be a simple google search on < your city> < artists’ groupname> , where possible artists’ group names are listed below. Often the organization will represent a larger geographic area than your city—for example, instead of Berkeley Quilters, it might be “East Bay Heritage Quilters”; or for Santa Barbara “Coastal Quilters Guild of Santa Barbara and Goleta.” I t could also be a slightly smaller geographic area—for example, the “Amherst Museum Quilters Guild” represents quilters in a suburb of Buffalo, NY . Don’t worry about this, as long as it’s the right general area. 5/ 21/ 2012 Econ 191ac -- Lecture 14 20
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