HTTP/2 Daniel Stenberg, Mozilla @bagder HTTP Today HTTP/2 basics - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Jul 30, 2023 410 likes •833 views

HTTP/2 Daniel Stenberg, Mozilla @bagder HTTP Today HTTP/2 basics Status Future Daniel Stenberg network hacker at Email: daniel@haxx.se Twitter: @bagder Web: daniel.haxx.se Blog: daniel.haxx.se/blog Internet Today Internet

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HTTP/2

Daniel Stenberg, Mozilla @bagder

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HTTP Today HTTP/2 basics Status Future

SLIDE 4 Email: daniel@haxx.se Twitter: @bagder Web: daniel.haxx.se Blog: daniel.haxx.se/blog

network hacker at

Daniel Stenberg

SLIDE 5 Internet Today Internet Today

HTTP for HTTP for everything everything The web has The web has changed changed signifjcantly signifjcantly since 1996 since 1996

SLIDE 6 Request and payload growth

in the last 4 years...

80 80 100 100 800K 800K 2100K 2100K

httparchive.org

SLIDE 7 connections per page h t t p a r c h i v e .

SLIDE 8 Roundtrip Bonanza

SLIDE 9 Latency adds up 4,000 ms 750 ms Page load time Round trip time 0 ms 240 ms M i k e B e l s h e

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Head of line blocking Head of line blocking

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HTTP 1.1 HTTP 1.1 workarounds workarounds

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Spriting Spriting

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Inlining Inlining

.icon1 { background: url(data:image/png;base64,<data>) no-repeat; } .icon2 { background: url(data:image/png;base64,<data>) no-repeat; }

SLIDE 14 Concatenation

$ cat *.js > single-monster.js

SLIDE 15 Sharding

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RFC 7540 RFC 7540

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Just a new framing layer

maintains HTTP paradigms http:// and https:// URLs remain HTTP/1.1 will linger for decades Proxies to convert 1:1

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Conservative in what you accept

less optional parts no minor version!

SLIDE 20 Binary

No more telnet tricks Easier framing TLS and compression anyway... Wireshark inspector frame types, like HEADERS and DATA

SLIDE 21 Multiplexed (1/2) Multiple streams over a single physical connection Max number of parallel streams set by peer

SLIDE 22 Multiplexed (2/2)

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One TCP connection One TCP connection

SLIDE 24 Better utilization of bandwidth

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Streams Streams

Dynamic priority Flow control Dependencies A A B B C C

SLIDE 26 Header compression

headers are big and repetitive 1.1 has no header compression HPACK

SLIDE 27 Server push Give me HTML please! Here's HTML for you Here's CSS for you

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Stricter TLS Stricter TLS

TLS version 1.2+ only TLS version 1.2+ only Stricter cipher suite requirements Stricter cipher suite requirements No compression No compression No renegotiations No renegotiations

SLIDE 29 HTTP/2 is not

Mandatory TLS Changing HTTP headers

SLIDE 30 How will HTTP/2 afgect users?

Faster page loads More responsive loading More HTTPS

SLIDE 31 How will HTTP/2 afg fgect web development?

Most things are unafg fgected HTTP/1 work-arounds hurt HTTP/2 perf Need to do separate tweaks Optimal HTTP/2 usage will need some time

SLIDE 32 Implementations

Akamai Ghost, Apache Traffjc Server, http4s-blaze, Chromium, Chicken Scheme hpack lib, cl-http2- protocol, curl and libcurl, Deuterium, Ericsson MSP, F5, H2O, Haskell http2 lib, http-2, http2, hyper, hyper, Jetty, LiteSpeed Enterprise, Lucid, Microsoft, mod_h2, Mozilla Firefox, Netty, nghttp2, NGINX, node-http2, OkHttp, OpenLiteSpeed, Protocol::HTTP2, Brocade SteelApp Traffjc Manager, Sasazka, second-transfer, Test GFE, Trusterd, Twitter, Undertow, Warp, Wireshark

https://github.com/http2/http2-spec/wiki/Implementations

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browsers

SLIDE 34 Will HTTP/2 get widely deployed? Will HTTP/2 get widely deployed?

YES YES

SLIDE 35 Will HTTP/2 get widely deployed? Will HTTP/2 get widely deployed?

“ “Look at IPv6” Look at IPv6” All major browsers All major browsers Many sites already did SPDY Many sites already did SPDY Apache, nginx and more Apache, nginx and more

SLIDE 36 HTTP/2 – October 2015

Browsers only over HTTPS Firefox: 14% HTTP/2 30% of HTTPS is HTTP/2 HTTP/2 is used 15 times more than HTTP/1.0 Google servers: 18% HTTP/2 HTTP/2 in 70% of browsers in use right now IPv6: 9% today, almost 20 years after fjrst RFC

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Future Future

HTTP/2 lays the foundation for the future HTTP/2 lays the foundation for the future Time to drop legacy HTTP “mistakes”? Time to drop legacy HTTP “mistakes”? HTTP/3 might happen faster HTTP/3 might happen faster QUIC QUIC

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Final recap Final recap

Binary and multiplexed Binary and multiplexed Primarily over TLS Primarily over TLS Users won't see a “2” Users won't see a “2” It's already here It's already here

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Thank you!

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