Places to learn more: Particle and nuclear physics links - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Places to learn more: Particle and nuclear physics links - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 19, 2022 102 likes •463 views

Places to learn more: Particle and nuclear physics links http://pdg.lbl.gov http://particleadventure.org http://www.slac.stanford.edu/gen/edu/aboutslac.html http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/sciindex.html http://www.bnl.gov/rhic/

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Places to learn more: Particle and nuclear physics links

http://pdg.lbl.gov http://particleadventure.org http://www.slac.stanford.edu/gen/edu/aboutslac.html http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/sciindex.html http://www.bnl.gov/rhic/ http://public.web.cern.ch/public/ http://www.fnal.gov/ http://www.er.doe.gov/production/henp/np/index.html http://www.science.doe.gov/hep/index.shtm

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Inquiring minds want to know ...

Yo! What holds it together?

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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (near Chicago)

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CDF Minos

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Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

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Event display from the SLD experiment at SLAC

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What forces exist in nature? What is a force? How do forces change with energy or temperature? How has the universe evolved? How do they interact?

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Mini-Ph.D. – Quantum Mechanics 101

Lesson 1:

Size actually does matter.

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Determine the postion and velocity

  • f a car … no problem
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Determine the postion and velocity

  • f a small particle … no problem
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Problem! Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Cannot have perfect knowledge of both the position and velocity

Heisenberg

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The fundamental nature of forces: virtual particles

Et  h Heisenberg E = mc2 Einstein e-

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Force Source Range Strength Gravitation mass infinite 10-39 Electromagnetism Electric charge infinite 10-2 Strong nuclear Color charge 10-15 m 1 Weak nuclear Weak charge 10-18 m 10-5

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quarks leptons Gauge bosons u c t d s b e   e   W, Z, g,  G g Hadrons Baryons qqq qq mesons p = uud n = udd K = us or us  = ud or ud

Strong interaction

nuclei e atoms

Electromagnetic interaction 

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Strong color field Energy grows with separation !!!

E=mc2 !

“white” proton

quark quark-antiquark pair created from vacuum “white” proton (confined quarks)

“white” 0

(confined quarks) Quantum Chromodynamics QCD

distance

energy density, temperature relative

strength

asymptotic

freedom

Why bare quarks have never been observed.

Thanks to Mike Lisa (OSU) for parts of this animation

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e+e- qq e+e- qq e+e- qq e+e- qq e+e- qq e+e- qq e+e- qq e+e- qq e+e- qq e+e- qq e+e- qq e+e- qq qq qq e+e- qq e+e- qq qq e+e-

Much ado about NOTHING: Nothing is something Nothing has energy Nothing interacts with something

  • R. Kolb
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Kibble, Guralnik, Hagen, Englert, Brout

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Modern accelerators study processes at energies that existed VERY early in the universe existed VERY early in the universe A th f f ti t l ! Another form of time travel !

What were forces like at those temperatures? What types of particles existed?

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What types of particles existed?