High solids Anaerobic Digestion of the Organic Fraction of Municipal - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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High solids Anaerobic Digestion of the Organic Fraction of Municipal - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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MARIE SK ODOWSKA CURIE EUROPEAN JOINT DOCTORATE (EJD) IN ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES (ABWET) PhD Project: Hi High gh Soli Solid Fe Fermentat tation and/ and/or or Anaer Anaerobic bic Di Digestion ion of

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6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management, Naxos Island, Greece, Thursday 14th June 2018

PhD Project: Hi High gh‐Soli Solid Fe Fermentat tation and/ and/or

  • r Anaer

Anaerobic bic Di Digestion ion of

  • f So

Solid lid Wa Waste

Author: Vicente Pastor Poquet1,2,3

Main Supervisor: Giovanni Esposito1 Co‐Supervisors: Stefano Papirio1; Jean‐Philippe Steyer3; Eric Trably3; Jukka Rintala2; Renaud Escudié3 MARIE SKŁODOWSKA‐CURIE EUROPEAN JOINT DOCTORATE (EJD) IN ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL WASTE‐TO‐ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES (ABWET)

High‐solids Anaerobic Digestion of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste: From Experimental Setup to Model Development

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Sum Summary ary

Introduction Objectives Methodology Batch Experiments Semi‐continuous Experiments HS‐AD Model Conclusions Future Perspectives

6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 1/14

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Hi High gh‐so solids lids Anaer Anaerobic bic Di Digestion (H (HS‐AD) AD)

Economy Optimization!!!

ADVANTAGES ‐ Smaller Reactor Size ‐ Higher Organic Loads ‐ Minimal Water Dilution ‐ Digestate De‐watering Savings ‐ Reduction on Heating Requirements

Total Solids (TS) ≥ 10%

SETBACKS ‐ Long Retention Times ‐ Reduced Kinetic Rates ‐ Process Instability ‐ Higher Requirements for Pumping and Mixing

Methane CH4

BI OGAS

( CO2) gas

ACETOGENESI S METHANOGENESI S HYDROLYSI S ACI DOGEN ESI S

Volatile Fat ty Acids (i.e. Valeric, Butyric, Propionic, etc.) H 2 CO2 Acetic Acid Soluble & Biodegradable Material (i.e. Sugars, AA, LCFA, etc.) Particulate & Biodegradable Material (i.e. OFMSW, AW, Manure, etc.)

2/14 6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

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Or Organic nic Fr Fraction action of

  • f Municipal

Municipal Solid Solid Wa Waste (O (OFMSW)

OFMSW

With or without adding ‐ Adequated Physical‐Chemical Composition (i.e. TS, biodegradability) ‐ Environmental Problem (i.e. GHG emission) ‐ (EU) Legislation Requiring Bio‐Treatment ‐ High Energy + Nutrients + Water Recovery Potential ‐ Global Availability ‐ No Pretreatment Required ‐ Potential Green Waste Addition (i.e. regionality, seasonality, legislation) ‐ Low Inhibitory/Inert Content (i.e. heavy metals, plastics) ‐ Results Extrapolation (i.e. agricultural waste, manure ‐ Reduced Porosity

SOME CONSIDERATIONS Green Waste

3/14 6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

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Need Need fo for a HS HS‐AD AD Mo Mode del

Complexity Reduction Needed!!!!

+ + + + + ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Solids Ions Soluble Substrates Microorganisms Gases Water Matrix

4/14 6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

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Obj Objectiv ctives es

  • Understand the effects of TS increase in HS‐AD of OFMSW
  • Develop a HS‐AD model for homogenized reactors

6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 5/14

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Methodol Methodology

  • gy

‐ Faster Kinetic Rates ‐ Process Economy ‐ NH3 Inhibition

SUBSTRATE

OFMSW

TEMPERATURE

Thermophilic (55°C)

CO‐SUBSTRATE

Beech Sawdust

INOCULUM

Pre‐adapted

‐ Simulated Green Waste ‐ Increase TS content ‐ High Biodegradability ‐ Nutrient Content ‐ NH3 Inhibition ‐ OFMSW ‐ Temperature

Simultaneous Development of

‐ Batch experiments ‐ Semi‐continuous experiments ‐ ADM1‐based model

6/14 6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

20 40 60 80 100 6 7 8 9 10 11

Free Ammonia, NH3 (%) pH

T=55ºC T=35ºC T=20ºC 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 10 20 30 40 50 60

Maximum Growth Rate, μm (h‐1) Temperature (ºC)

Psychrophile Mesophile Thermophile

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No. Test Substrate ISR (g VS/g VS) Operational TS (%) 1 TS Increase Dried OFMSW 0.5 10.2, 12.6, 15.6, 19.2, 23.3, 28.3 & 33.6 2 1.0 9.5, 13.6, 18.4 & 24.0 3 1.5 10.8, 13.4, 16.4 & 19.6 4 Dried OFMSW + Sawdust 0.2 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 24.7 & 30.2 5 Sacrifice Dried OFMSW 1.0 15.0 6 Dried OFMSW + Sawdust 0.6 19.4

  • BMP

OFMSW 2.0 2.9

  • Sawdust

1.0 4.1

Ba Batch Experim Experiments Se Setu tup

55°C‐Dried OFMSW

  • 1. TS Increase

H2O

  • 2. Sacrifice Tests

One replicate opened at a time for physical‐chemical analyses (i.e. TS & VFA).

x15

Beech Sawdust

TS

+ Centrifuged Inoculum

7/14 6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

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Ba Batch Experim Experiments Re Results

MAIN CONCLUSIONS

  • All biodegradability

indicators affected by initial TS;

  • NH3 reduces the

methane yield;

  • Compromise needed

between TS, ISR, alkalinity and nitrogen content.

20 40 60 80

Total Solid Removal (%)

B

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 8 13 18 23 28 33

Total COD Conversion (g COD/g VSadded) Initial Total Solids (%)

C

50 100 150 200 250 300

CH4 Yield (NmL CH4/g VSsubs)

OFMSW (ISR=0.5) OFMSW (ISR=1.0) OFMSW (ISR=1.5) Codigestion (ISR=0.16)

A 2 4 6 8 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5

10,5 13,5 16,5 20

Total and Free Ammonia Nitrogen (g N/kg) COD Conversion (g COD/g VS) Initial Total Solids (%)

CH4 Valeric Butyric Propionic Acetic TAN NH3

Mono‐digestion Experiment 3

8/14 6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

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Sem Semi‐continuous inuous Experim Experiments Se Setu tup

  • 1. Reactor Body
  • 2. Reactor Head
  • 3. Feeding Port
  • 4. Gas Output
  • 5. Gas Measuring Port
  • 6. Valves

Experimental Setup

5 10 15

Organic Loading Rate (g VS/kg∙d)

80 160 240 20 40 60 80 100

Mass Retention Time (days) Time (days)

5 10 15

Organic Loading Rate (g VS/kg∙d)

OLR_A OLRofmsw_A 80 160 240 20 40 60 80 100 120

Mass Retention Time (days) Time (days)

Uncoupling: Effluent Mass = Influent Mass – Biogas Mass

Operation: Drag‐and‐Fill Mode

6 5 6 4 6 3 2 1

MONO‐DIGESTION OFMSW CO‐DIGESTION OFMSW + SAWDUST

9/14 6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

Compromise between TS removal and TAN/VFA buildup

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10 20 30

Total Solids (%)

Sem Semi‐continuous inuous Experim Experiments Re Results

2 3 5

Total and Free Ammonia Nitrogen (g N/kg)

TAN_A FAN_A 10 20 30

Total Solids (%)

5 6 7 8 9 2000 4000 6000 8000 20 40 60 80 100

pH

Volatile Fatty Acids (mg/kg) Time (days) Acetic Propionic Butyric Valeric pH

2 3 5

Total and Free Ammonia Nitrogen (g N/kg)

TAN_A FAN_A 5 6 7 8 9 2000 4000 6000 8000 20 40 60 80 100 120

pH

Volatile Fatty Acids (mg/kg) Time (days) Acetic Propionic Butyric Valeric pH

  • Uncoupling was not

sufficient to avoid overload and acidification;

  • Overload was related to

rapid substrate biodegradability and NH3 inhibition;

  • Acidification can be

controlled by including GW in OFMSW.

MONO‐DIGESTION OFMSW CO‐DIGESTION OFMSW + SAWDUST CONCLUSIONS

10/14 6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

HS‐AD HS‐AD

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HS HS‐AD AD Mo Model del Dev Developm pmen ent

HYPOTHESES 1) Homogenized Reactors; 2) Porosity and Transport Processes Disregarded; 3) Specific Weights Constant; 4) Biochemical Reactions occur in Water.

MGlobal0, TS0, VS0 MSolids0, MSolvent0, MInerts0 mInfluent, mEffluent ρSolids, ρSolvent ρGlobal0 VGlobal0 QInfluent, QEffluent Gas Phase: mBiogas, mVapor Mass Balances: MGlobal, MSolids, MSolvent, MInerts, TS, VS, ρGlobal, VGlobal Bio-Physic-Chemistry: Xt,i, St,i

Last Iteration

Iterative Loop - Derivatives Initialize Model

Effluent Recalculation

QEffluent = QInfluent – K·(VSetpoint – VGlobal) End

No Yes No Yes

,

  • 1
  • ,
  • ,

,

,

  • ,,
  • ,
  • 1

Apparent Concentrations Soluble and Particulate Mass Balance

11/14 6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

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HS HS‐AD AD Mo Model del Re Results

  • Need for effluent control

in continuous simulations;

  • Adequate reactor

mass/volume content and TS/VS simulation;

  • TS concentration effect

(apparent concentrations) needed in HS‐AD.

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 20 40 60 80 100

VFA Total (g COD/kg) Ammonia Nitrogen (mol N/kg) Time (days)

TAN Experimental TAN Simulated VFA Experimental VFA Simulated

3 6 9 12 15 18 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 20 40 60 80 100

Total Solids (%) Methane Production (NmL CH4)

CH4 Experimental CH4 Simulated TS Experimental TS Simulated

Model Verification Model Calibration

10 30 50 70 90 5 10 15 20 25 30 50 100 150 200

Organic Loading Rate (kg COD/m3∙d) Hydraulic Retention Time (days)

HRT_No Control HRT_Control OLR_No Control OLR_Control

15 20 25 30 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 50 100 150 200

Total and Volatile Solids (%) Volumetric Influent/Effluent (m3/d) Time (days)

Qinfluent Qeffluent TS VS

CONCLUSIONS

12/14 6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

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Mai Main Concl Conclusi usions ns

  • Great risk of acidification and NH3 inhibition in HS‐AD experiments using OFMSW as substrate;
  • Low water available exacerbates NH3 inhibition at higher TS contents (i.e. 20‐30 % TS);
  • The organic substrate determines the maximum TS content in semi‐continuous reactors;
  • A reduced set of hypotheses permits to simulate HS‐AD of OFMSW in homogenized reactors.

13/14 6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

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Futur Future Pe Perspectives

  • Explore inhibitory mechanisms in HS‐AD of OFMSW;
  • Use ‘non‐ideal’ bio‐physical‐chemistry for calculate NH3 concentration;
  • Calibration of main biochemical parameters in HS‐AD model;
  • Increase the model complexity.

14/14 6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

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Thank Thank yo you!!!

The End…

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska‐Curie grant agreement No. 643071

VPP, Naxos Island, Greece, Thursday 14th June 2018