SLIDE 1 Anaerobic digestion – the method of choice for the treatment of organic waste and nutrient recovery
Hinrich Uellendahl Section for Sustainable Biotechnology A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen hu@bio.aau.dk, ph +45 99 40 25 85
Complex Organic Materials/ Polymers Monomers Acetate H2 + CO 2 Intermediates: VFA Alcohols CH4 Hydrolysis Fermentation Acetogenesis Hydrolytic Bacteria Fermentative Bacteria Homoacetogens H2 producing fatty acids
(Syntrophs) Methanogens (H2 utilizers) 51% 30% 19% 30% 70% H2 producing acetate oxidizing Bacteria Methanogens (aceticlastic) acid synthesizing bacteria Methanogenesis Complex Organic Materials/ Polymers Complex Organic Materials/ Polymers Monomers Monomers Acetate Acetate H2 + CO 2 H2 + CO 2 Intermediates: VFA Alcohols Intermediates: VFA Alcohols CH4 CH4 Hydrolysis Fermentation Acetogenesis Hydrolytic Bacteria Fermentative Bacteria Homoacetogens H2 producing fatty acids
(Syntrophs) H2 producing fatty acids
(Syntrophs) Methanogens (H2 utilizers) Methanogens (H2 utilizers) 51% 30% 19% 30% 70% H2 producing acetate oxidizing Bacteria H2 producing acetate oxidizing Bacteria Methanogens (aceticlastic) Methanogens (aceticlastic) acid synthesizing bacteria acid synthesizing bacteria Methanogenesis Complex Organic Materials/ Polymers Monomers Acetate H2 + CO 2 Intermediates: VFA Alcohols CH4 Hydrolysis Fermentation Acetogenesis Hydrolytic Bacteria Fermentative Bacteria Homoacetogens H2 producing fatty acids
(Syntrophs) Methanogens (H2 utilizers) 51% 30% 19% 30% 70% H2 producing acetate oxidizing Bacteria Methanogens (aceticlastic) acid synthesizing bacteria Methanogenesis Complex Organic Materials/ Polymers Complex Organic Materials/ Polymers Monomers Monomers Acetate Acetate H2 + CO 2 H2 + CO 2 Intermediates: VFA Alcohols Intermediates: VFA Alcohols CH4 CH4 Hydrolysis Fermentation Acetogenesis Hydrolytic Bacteria Fermentative Bacteria Homoacetogens H2 producing fatty acids
(Syntrophs) H2 producing fatty acids
(Syntrophs) Methanogens (H2 utilizers) Methanogens (H2 utilizers) 51% 30% 19% 30% 70% H2 producing acetate oxidizing Bacteria H2 producing acetate oxidizing Bacteria Methanogens (aceticlastic) Methanogens (aceticlastic) acid synthesizing bacteria acid synthesizing bacteria Methanogenesis
SLIDE 2 Bioprocess engineering
5 5 5 Biogas prod rate Biogas yield 5 5 5 Biogas prod rate Biogas yield
Microbiology& Fermentation Enzymes & Bioproducts
Birgitte K. Ahring Professor Peter Lübeck Section Head César Fonseca Associate Prof. Peter Westermann
Hinrich Uellendahl Associate Prof. Zsófía Kádár Assistant Prof. Mette Lübeck Associate Prof.
Separation processes
Henrik Tækker Madsen Assistant Prof. Cristiano Varrone Associate Prof.
Biomass pretreatment Biodiversity Enzyme
discovery &production
Fungal cell factories Process
New microbes
Christian Baron Associate Prof.
Ethics & society
Section for Sustainable Biotechnology
@ Aalborg University Copenhagen (AAU Cph)
SLIDE 3 Bioprocess engineering
Separation processes Biomass pretreatment Process
New microbes
Section for Sustainable Biotechnology
@ Aalborg University Copenhagen (AAU Cph) Microbiology& Fermentation Enzymes & Bioproducts
Biorefinery concepts
Enzyme
discovery &production
Fungal cell factories Biodiversity
SLIDE 4 Biorefinery
(Waste) Biomass valorization by conversion into biofuels, biochemicals and resource recovery
(Waste) Biomass Biofuels
Plastics
Biochemicals …
Pharmaceuticals Cosmetics
Nutrients + other resources
SLIDE 5 Biogas plant BioGAS
Anaerobic digestion for (waste) biomass valorization
(Waste) Biomass Digestate
Energy
SLIDE 6 The superior waste treatment by:
- Recovery of both energy and nutrients
BioGAS Biogas plant
Anaerobic digestion – method of choice for the treatment of organic waste
Digestate
Energy (Waste) Biomass
SLIDE 7 The superior waste treatment by:
- Recovery of both energy and nutrients
- Upgraded biogas into the natural gas grid or for transportation
- Flexible biogas production for balancing fluctuating electricity production
- Biogas plants in different scales
BioGAS Biogas plant
Biogas Upgrading CHP plant
Natural Gas Grid
Digestate
Anaerobic digestion – method of choice for the treatment of organic waste
(Waste) Biomass
SLIDE 8
Waste generation in DK
785 kg per person (477 kg EU average) 42% OFMSW = 330 kg per person = 1.8 million ton
AD of OFMSW – Biogas potential
SLIDE 9 Biogas plant
Clover grass Sugar beets Majs/corn Sugar beet tops OFMSW Aquatic biomass Garden waste Road-side biomass Non-cultivated fields Nature areas Catch crops Straw
50% Manure
Organic waste – an attractive biomass resource for biogas plants
Municipal residues Agricultural residues Amount of OFMSW (EU): ≈ 40% OFMSW of MSW Methane potential: 200 – 400 L‐CH4/kg‐VS 50 ‐ 100 m3‐CH4/ton‐OFMSW
SLIDE 10 Under construction New plant
WWTP Industry Waste disposal Centralized plant Farm-scale plant
≈ 70 Farm-scale biogas plants
(MW)
0.7 – 3.2 3.2 – 12.7 27 Centralized biogas plants Capacity: 20 – 600 kton/year
(TJ/year) Production
Organic waste – an attractive biomass resource for biogas plants in Denmark
50% of all manure (= 20 Mton/year) to be treated in 2020
SLIDE 11 Biogas technology for the treatment of OFMSW in DK
”Wet” digestion (TS < 15%) ”Dry” digestion (TS > 15%) Sewage sludge Manure OFMSW CSTR
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Packed bed reactor
(with percolation)
SLIDE 12
SLIDE 13
Different process configurations for AD of OFMSW
SLIDE 14 Collection – Pretreatment – Biogas process of OFMSW
The AD process and the applicability of the digestate as fertilizer is only feasible in combination with a well‐functioning collection + pretreatment system. Pretreatment Collection Biogas Process Digestate as fertilizer
- Low content of impurities (plastics,
heavy metals, xenobiotics) to comply with regulations for fertilizer use
SLIDE 15 Waste management in Denmark – Resource Strategy 2013
- Source‐sorting of household
waste
- Organic fraction collected in
biodegradable plastic bags
SLIDE 16
OFMSW from Copenhagen municipality: Total: 57,000 tons/year Currently collected: 8,000 tons/year, in 2020: 20,000 tons/year
Hammer mill and blower sieve to remove plastic bags, followed by “washing” of the waste with rain water, capacity: 60,000 tons/year
Waste pretreatment at HCS, Glostrup
AD of OFMSW from Copenhagen municipality
OFMSW pulp to Hashøj biogas plant for Co‐digestion with manure
SLIDE 17
OFMSW from Copenhagen municipality: Potential: 57,000 tons/year VS (25%VS/TS): 14,250 tons/year Sewage sludge in Copenhagen area BIOFOS: 1,600,000 tons/year VS (25%VS/TS): 48,000 tons/year Ratio OFMSW:SS : 3.5% ton/ton 30.0% ton‐VS/ton‐VS
AD of OFMSW from Copenhagen municipality
Co‐digestion with sewage sludge
SLIDE 18
Crucial for both cases: Use of the digestate as fertilizer! COWI report 2016: Source sorted OFMSW: Impurities below threshold Danish Dairy Association 2017: Digestate from OFMSW treated in biogas plants is accepted as fertilizer for crops used for feed of dairy animals.
AD of OFMSW
Co‐digestion with manure/ sewage sludge
SLIDE 19 BIOGAS CAN!
- recover both energy and nutrients
- be applied in all scales
- supply also fuel for the transportation sector
- balance fluctuating electricity production
BioGAS Biogas plant
Biogas Upgrading CHP plant
Natural Gas Grid
Digestate
Anaerobic digestion – method of choice for the treatment of organic waste
(Waste) Biomass
