Electricity production from Electricity production from anaerobic - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Electricity production from Electricity production from anaerobic digestion of animal anaerobic digestion of animal anaerobic digestion of animal anaerobic digestion of animal slurries in farm scale plants slurries in farm scale plants

Jacopo Bacenetti, Marco Fiala

Department

• f

Agricultural and Environmental S ciences. Production, Landscape, Agroenergy. University of Milan Via Giovanni Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy , , , y j acopo.bacenetti@ unimi.it Ke

• rds: Biogas Rene

able energ Life c cle S stainabilit Keywords: Biogas, Renewable energy, Life cycle, S ustainability

• J. Bacenetti, M. Fiala

DIPARTIMENTO S CIENZE AGRARIE E AMBIENTALI. PRODUZIONE, TERRITORIO, AGROENERGIA

INTRODUCTION & AIM Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a methodology to assess the potential environmental impacts and resources’ consumption associated with a production system (IS O 14040, 2006): BIOGAS & ENVITONMENT BIOGAS & ENVITONMENT 4 steps

N GOAL AND SCOPE DEFINITION

BIOGAS & ENVITONMENT BIOGAS & ENVITONMENT

TERPRETATIO TERPRETATIO LIFE CYCLE LIFE CYCLE INVENTOrY INVENTOrY RES ULTS INT RES ULTS INT IMP ACT IMP ACT INVENTOrY INVENTOrY

IMP ACT IMP ACT BENEFIT BENEFIT

IMP ACT IMP ACT AS S ES S MENT AS S ES S MENT E.g. Crop cultivation, emissions from biogas combustion, E.g. fertilizer substitution, heat and electricity generation from g , lossess of methane, g renewable sources

AIM AIM: : to assess the environmental profile of electricity production from four different AD plants mainly fed

i h i l l d l i l l h 300 kW

• J. Bacenetti, M. Fiala

DiSAA www.disaa.unimi.it

with animal slurry and electrical power lower than 300 kW

LCA of BIOGAS PLANTS

Four biogas plant (LCA) located in Northern Italy and are fed mainly with animal slurry).

Biogas plant A B C D District Unit Cremona Lodi Pavia Cremona District Unit Cremona Lodi Pavia Cremona Electrical power kW 100 250 300 300 Starting year

• 2013

2010 2013 2013 Cow slurry Pig slurry Cow slurry 35 t/ day Pig slurry 45 t/ day Feeding rate t/ day Cow slurry 40 t/ day Pig slurry 180 t/ day 35 t/ day Maize silage 13 t/ day 45 t/ day Maize silage 14 t/ day Electric self consumption % 7.0 7.6 9.2 8.4 consumption Transport Distance km 0.1 3.5 1.5 for Cow slurry 0.8 for Maize silage 1.3 for Pig slurry 0.7 for Maize silage Maize silage silage Surplus heat

• Partially

valorized Wasted Wasted Wasted

FUNCTIONAL UNIT: 1 kWh of electricity ILCD method Evaluated impact categories: climate change (CC),

• zone

depletion (OD), particulate matter (PM); photochemical

• xidant

formation (POF); acidification (TA), freshwater eutrophication (FE), terrestrial eutrophication (TE) marine eutrophication (ME), and mineral, fossil and renewable resource Depletion

• J. Bacenetti, M. Fiala

DiSAA www.disaa.unimi.it

(MFRD)

RES ULTS

For 5 impact categories (CC OD PM POF and

80 100

(CC, OD, PM, POF and ME), the Italian Italian electricity electricity has has an an higher higher environmental environmental impact impact than electric

60 80

impact impact than electric energy from AD plants.

40 e results %)

For AC, TE, FE it has a lower lower impact impact than EE

20 Relativ (%

lower lower impact impact than EE from the AD plants (C and D) fed with maize . Plant A produces EE with

‐20 Climate change Ozone depletion Particulate matter Photochemical

• zone

formation Acidification Terrestrial eutrophication Freshwater eutrophication Marine eutrophication Mineral, fossil & ren resource depletion

Plant A produces EE with the lowest impact: thanks to the heat- valorization credits, for 3 OD FE and MFRD

‐40

Plant A ‐ Cow slurry Plant B ‐ Pig slurry Plant C ‐ Cow slurry & Maize Silage Plant D ‐ Pig slurry & Maize Silage Electricity, ITA

3 OD, FE and MFRD environmental environmental benefits benefits are achieved. Plants (C and D) fed also with maize silage maize silage show a considerably higher impact higher impact for AC, TE, FE and ME: the fertilizer applications during maize cultivation involve emissions of ammonia in the air as well as nitrogen leaching and phosphate losses

• J. Bacenetti, M. Fiala

DiSAA www.disaa.unimi.it

CONCLUS IONS

The electricity produced from the AD plants fed with animal slurry has better environmental environmental performances performances than electricity produced from fossil fuels, whereas for AD plants fed with maize silage this is true only for those impact categories not related to ammonia and dinitrogen monoxide emissions and to nitrate and phosphate leaching nitrate and phosphate leaching. Recovery and valorization of surplus surplus heat heat (Plant A) significantly reduce the environmental burdens. The use of energy crops (maize silage maize silage) considerably increase the environmental impact of electricity from bi biogas CAREFULLY ASSESS THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCED BY BIOGAS CAREFULLY ASSESS THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCED BY BIOGAS PLANT FED WITH ENERGY CROPS PLANT FED WITH ENERGY CROPS

LCA Group LCA Group AGRO AGRO-ENERGY and FOOD PROCES S ING ENERGY and FOOD PROCES S ING G O G O N G a d OO OC S SNG N G a d OO OC S SNG

• Prof. Marco Fiala,
• Prof. Marco Fiala, PhD

PhD:  marco.fiala@ unimi.it -  +39 503 16868

• Dr. Jacopo
• Dr. Jacopo Bacenetti

Bacenetti, , PhD PhD:  j acopo.bacenetti@ unimi.it -  +39 503 16869

• J. Bacenetti, M. Fiala

DiSAA www.disaa.unimi.it