FACET The Facility for Advanced aCcelerator Experimental Tests - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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FACET The Facility for Advanced aCcelerator Experimental Tests - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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FACET The Facility for Advanced aCcelerator Experimental Tests Mark Hogan SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory DESY & MPI Visit March 2012 Advanced Accelerator Research @ SLAC q High energy particle accelerators are the ultimate

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FACET The Facility for Advanced aCcelerator Experimental Tests

DESY & MPI Visit March 2012

Mark Hogan

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Advanced Accelerator Research @ SLAC

q High energy particle accelerators are the ultimate microscopes § Reveal fundamental particles and forces in the universe at the energy frontier § Enable x-ray lasers to look at the smallest elements of life q Advanced Accelerator Department’s goal is to shrink the size and cost of these accelerators by factors of 10-1000 q Combine SLAC accelerators with lasers, plasmas, high-power microwaves, and lithography to develop new generation of particle accelerators and sources

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~"24"cm"

New designs and materials push metal structures to the limit

λ= 800 nm

Telecom and Semiconductor tools used to make an ‘accelerator on a chip’ Extremely high fields in 1,000°C lithium plasmas have doubled the energy of the 3km SLAC linac in just 1 meter

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Wakefield Acceleration @ SLAC

q SLAC/UCLA/USC FFTB experiments 1998 - 2006

§ Plasma Wakefield Acceleration of electrons over meter scales

  • 50GeV/m accelerating gradient
  • Total energy gain of 43GeV

§ First plasma acceleration of positrons § Systematic studies of integrated & time dependent focusing

  • electrons (extended propagation, emittance preservation @ 10-4m)
  • positrons (halo formation, emittance growth)

§ Refraction of electron beam at plasma boundary § Betatron radiation from strong plasma focusing

  • x-rays @ 1014 e-/cc (kT/m)
  • gammas (e+ production) @ 1017 e-/cc (MT/m)

§ Dielectric Wakefield Acceleration

  • Proof of principle studies of material breakdown threshold

– 14GeV/m induced catastrophic breakdown in 1cm long, 100µm diameter fused Si tubes (we turned the dielectrics into plasmas!)

q 2008 DOE Recognized the need for an ‘Advanced Plasma Acceleration Facility’

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

New Installation @ 2km point of SLAC linac:

  • Chicane for bunch

compression

  • Final Focus for small spots at

the IP

  • Experimental Area (25m)

A Unique Facility for Accelerator Science

FACET: Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests

Experiments here

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In the last year:

§ Finished Construction § 3 Months of User Assisted Commissioning June-Sept. 2011 § Reached CD4 December 2011 § FACET is now a National User Facility § Commissioning now for first User Runs this summer

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

The Most Important Capability is the Beam

q Summer 2011 commissioning was first hard push since the end of FFTB/PEP-II programs in 2006/2007 q Much progress, but still work to do (parameters, stability)

Parameter Design Value at IP Goals for 2012 User Runs Energy (GeV) 23 GeV 23 GeV RMS Energy Spread (%) 4 Full Width 4 Full Width Charge per pulse 2e10 e- (3.2 nC) ü Bunch length σz (µm) 15-40 20 Beam size σx x σy (µm) 14 x 6 20 x 20 Repetition Rate (Hz) 1-30 1-10 (ALARA) Particle e- or e+ e- only

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Currently Approved Experiments

qProposals are reviewed by SAREC and time allocated by Accelerator Research Division Director

§ E-200: Plasma Wakefield Acceleration

  • MPI, UCLA, SLAC

§ E-201: Dielectric Wakefield Acceleration

  • ANL, Euclid, Manhattanville College, MIT, MPI, UCLA, RadiaBeam,

SLAC

§ E-202: Ultrafast Processes in Materials (E&M switching)

  • Hitachi, IBM, University of Regensburg, SLAC/Stanford

§ E-203: Coherent Smith-Purcell Radiation

  • Diamond Light Source, John Adams Institute, LAL, SLAC

§ T-500: THz

  • SLAC/Stanford

qHardware installed and commissioned last summer in conjunction with beamline commissioning qFirst User Run April 2012

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

FACET Sector 20 Beamline

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QUAS LI20 2281 Q4E-R, LGPS 2200 Q4E_R_BOOST-PS, LGPS 2281 QUAS LI20 2291 Q4E-R2, , LGPS 2200 Q4E_R_BOOST-PS, LGPS 2281 QUAS LI20 2301 Q4E-R3, LGPS 2200 Q4E_R_BOOST-PS, LGPS 2281 SXTS LI20 2275 S3E-R, LGPS 2275 QUAS LI20 2262 Q5E-R, , LGPS 2230 Q5E_R_BOOST-PS, LGPS 2262 BPMS LI20 2261 BNDS LI20 2260 B3E-R, LGPS 2240 QUAS LI20 2251 Q6E, LGPS 2251 YCOR LI20 2267 YC3E BNDS LI20 2240 B3E-L, LGPS 2240 BPMS LI20 2235 BPMS LI20 2245 TORO LI19 1988 Toroid BNDS LI20 1990 B1-L, TORO LI20 2040 Toroid PROF LI20 2041 Profile Monitor BPMS LI20 2050 QUAS LI20 2061 Q1E-L, LGPS 2060 Q1EL_BOOST-PS, LGPS 2061 COLL LI20 2069 Collimator: Cnotch COLL LI20 2072 HCOLL COLL LI20 2082 VCOLL COLL LI20 2085 HCOLL YCOR LI20 2087 YC1E XCOR LI20 2096 XC1E BNDS LI20 2110 B2E-L, LGPS 2110 QUAS LI20 2131 Q2E-L, LGPS 2130 Q2E-L _BOOST-PS, LGPS 2131 SXTS LI20 2145 S1E-L, LGPS 2145 BPMS LI20 2147 QUAS LI20 2151 Q3E-L, LGPS 2150 Q3E-L_BOOST-PS, LGPS 2151 QUAS LI20 2161 Q3E-L2, LGPS 2150 Q3E_L_BOOST-PS, LGPS 2151 SXTS LI20 2165 S2E-L, LGPS 2165 XCOR LI20 2176 XC2E SXTS LI20 2195 S3E-L, LGPS 2195 QUAS LI20 2201 Q4E-L, LGPS 2200 Q4E_L_BOOST-PS, LGPS 2201 QUAS LI20 2211 Q4E-L2, LGPS 2200 Q4E_L_BOOST-PS, LGPS 2201 QUAS LI20 2221 Q4E-L3, LGPS 2200 Q4E_L_BOOST-PS, LGPS 2201 BPMS LI20 2223 SXTS LI20 2225 S3E-L2, LGPS 2195 QUAS LI20 2231 Q5E-L, LGPS 2230 Q5E_L_BOOST-PS, LGPS 2231 YCOR LI20 2227 YC2E

PPS Zone Sector 19

FACET Experimental Area DRAFT

BPMS LI20 2278 ~0.25 Meters ~35 Meter LION ~35 Meter LION March 22, 2011 SLAC-I-040-202-001-59-R000 8.2 Page 1 of 3 LGPS 1990 SXTS LI20 2305 S3E-R2, LGPS 2275 XCOR LI20 2326 XC3E SXTS LI20 2335 S2E-R, LGPS 2335 QUAS LI20 2341 Q3E-R, LGPS 2150 Q3E_R_BOOST-PS, LGPS 2341 QUAS LI20 2351 Q3E-R2, LGPS 2150 Q3E_R_BOOST-PS, LGPS 2341 BPMS LI20 2360 SXTS LI20 2365 S1E-R, LGPS 2365 QUAS LI20 2371 Q2E-R, LGPS 2130 Q2E_R_BOOST-PS, LGPS 2371 BNDS LI20 2390 B2E-R, LGPS 2110 ~35 Meter LION ~35 Meter LION

PPS Zone Sector 19-20

XCOR LI20 2396 XC4E YCOR LI20 2397 YC4E YAG LI20 2432 YAG screen QUAS LI20 2441 Q1E-R, LGPS 2060 Q1E_R_BOOST-PS, LGPS 2441 BPMS LI20 2445 TORO LI20 2452 Toroid BNDS LI20 3000 B1-R, LGPS 1990 WIG 1E WIG 2E WIG 1E QUAS LI20 3011 QFF1, LGPS 3011 BPMS LI20 3013 YCOR LI20 3017 YC1FF XCOR LI20 3026 XC1FF QUAS LI20 3031 QFF2, LGPS 3031 BPMS LI20 3036 QUAS LI20 3041 QFF2-2, LGPS 3031 QUAS LI20 3051 QFF2-3, LGPS 3031 YCOR LI20 3057 YC2FF PYRO LI20 3070 BLM Pyr001 Pyro Detectors PYRO LI20 3075 BLM Pyr002 XCOR LI20 3086 XC3FF QUAS LI20 3091 QFF4, LGPS 3091 BPMS LI20 3101 QUAS LI20 3111 QFF4-2, LGPS 3091 XCOR LI20 3116 XC4FF QUAS LI20 3141 QFF5, LGPS 3141 BPMS LI20 3120 (inside Quad) + BTRM LI20 2420 Half-pole Half-pole BNDS LI20 2410 BNDS LI20 2420 BNDS LI20 2430 In MAD LGPS LI20 2420 March 22, 2011 SLAC-I-040-202-001-59-R000 8.2 Page 2 of 3

PPS Zone Sector 20

~35 Meter LION ~35 Meter LION YCOR LI20 3147 YC4FF QUAS LI20 3151 QFF6, LGPS 3151 BPMS LI20 3156 PROF LI20 3158 Profile Monitor (OTR) Be W 3160 Be Window Toroid TORO LI20 3163 WIRE LI20 3179 Wire Scanner PROF LI20 3206 Profile Monitor (OTR) Be W 3208 Be Window QUAS LI20 3261 QS1, LGPS 3261 BPMS LI20 3265 QUAS LI20 3311 QS2, LGPS 3311 BPMS LI20 3315 BNDS LI20 3330 B5D36, LGPS 3330 BPMS LI20 3340 PROF LI20 3475 Profile Monitor (Phospher) Main Beam Dump March 22, 2011 SLAC-I-040-202-001-59-R000 8.2 Page 3 of 3 IP Interaction point

Collimators Drive–Witness or Ramped Bunch Production Three Optical Tables = Experimental Areas THz Fully compressed & elliptical beam IP Fully Compressed & Tightest Focus Beam Dump Dispersed in Energy Beam Direction Chicane, Final Focus and Experimental Area

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Experimental Installation

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OTR and bunch length monitor Sample chamber Plasma Experiment OTR Sample chamber Profile measurement experiment

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

The Beam Driven Plasma Wakefield Accelerator

~1m ~100µm

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* Two-beam, co-linear, plasma-based accelerator * Plasma wave/wake excited by relativistic particle bunch * Deceleration, acceleration, focusing by plasma * Accelerating field/gradient scales as ne1/2 * Typical: ne≈1017 cm-3, λp≈100 µm, G>MT/m, E>10 GV/m * High-gradient, high-efficiency energy transformer * “Blow-out” regime when nb/np >> 1

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

E200: Plasma Wakefield Acceleration

q Accelerating gradients > 10GeV/m, Focusing fields > 1 MT/m q Meter scale, high density field ionized plasmas (LI, Cs, Rb) q Demonstrate single stage plasma accelerator: meter scale, high gradient, preserved emittance, low energy spread, efficiency q First experiments (2012) will quantify head erosion with single high-current bunches q Follow on experiments (2012-2013) will use notch collimator to produce independent drive & witness bunch q Next phase will use pre-ionized plasmas and tailored profiles to maximize single stage performance: total energy gain, efficiency q Betatron & Synchrotron radiation, instability studies

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Witness Bunch Drive Bunch

...over-compress to get two bunches at the IP (S20 Chicane R56 = 10mm)

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Add the notch collimator upstream...

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Full Compression with Nominal Optics

B3 B2 B2 B1 B1 Plasma Oven THz Table Kra C SD2 SD2

Dx Dy

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βx

½ βy ½

5 10 15 20 25 30 0.3

  • 0.3
  • 0.2
  • 0.1

0.1 0.2 (m) (m½)

x ∝ ΔE/E ∝ t

x [mm] dp/p [%]

R56 = 4mm ‘Optimal Compression’ E-Chirp from S10-19 Wake

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Notch Collimator for Two Bunches

B3 B2 B2 B1 B1 Plasma Oven THz Table Kra C SD2 SD2

Dx Dy

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βx

½ βy ½

5 10 15 20 25 30 0.3

  • 0.3
  • 0.2
  • 0.1

0.1 0.2 (m) (m½)

x ∝ ΔE/E ∝ t

x [mm] dp/p [%]

R56 = 10mm

...selectively collimate

Drive Witness ‘Over-compressed’

Commission this summer

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

B3 B2 B2 B1 B1 Plasma Oven THz Table Kra C SD2 SD2

Dx Dy

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βx

½ βy ½

5 10 15 20 25 30 0.3

  • 0.3
  • 0.2
  • 0.1

0.1 0.2 (m) (m½)

x ∝ ΔE/E ∝ t

x [mm] dp/p [%]

R56 = 0mm

...selectively collimate

...or Ramped Bunch Profiles

Head Tail ‘Under-compressed’

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012 14

FACET X-band TCAV

  • M. ¡Litos, ¡SLAC

q 1 meter x-band structure

§ Major components installed § Final power & pluming ongoing § Commission April 2012

q Single-shot measurement

§ Bunch length (absolute) § Longitudinal profile § Bunch separation

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Method Resolution 2m XTCAV 3.5µm 1m XTCAV 7µm STCAV 25µm Electro-Optic 30µm Streak Camera >60µm

1m X-Band TCAV resolution = 7µm

Very high fidelity

Simulated Longitudinal Charge Profile:

Actual (black) and ‘Measured’ by XTCAV (red)

Comparison against alternative methods

FACET Requirement < 10µm

S-Band TCAV 2m X-Band TCAV

X-Band TCAV is Only Viable Longitudinal Diagnostic for Two-Bunch FACET Beam

y [mm] z [mm]

Linear y-z correlation – straightforward signal interpretation

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

LCLS S20 Injector Laser Building

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Load Lock Room Storage Room Primary Entry & Staging Area Klystron Gallery

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Add FACET Laser Room Summer 2012

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Load Lock Room FACET Laser Room Primary Entry & Staging Area Klystron Gallery P20-11 q Already sufficient AC power, air handling (cooling), H20 q Door & PPS mods in summer q ~10TW laser and transport (similar to MEC) to E200 IP FY13 q Joint effort of AARD/TF and Bill White’s laser group q Essential for E200 but opens up many new areas (Trojan Hoarse, Self-modulation, THz pump-probe E-200 IP

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Existing electron bunch compressor

BEAM Existing electron bunch compressor

M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Compressed Positrons

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qExisting S10 SPPS chicane installation qSecondary stage of bunch compression: 1.5 mm to 50 µm

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Compressed Positrons

Existing electron bunch compressor New positron bunch compressor BEAM

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qEnables compressed positron bunches (needs to pass e- too to get to positron target in sector 20) qCommission electron path in user runs this summer (done) qCommission positron systems in FY13, Run FY14

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012 20

q A ‘‘drive’’ beam excites wake-fields in the tube, while a subsequent witness beam (not shown) would be accelerated by the Ez component of the reflected wakefields (bands of color). q Work pioneered at ANL q For large wakes want high charge, short bunches and narrow tubes FACET

DWFA: Dielectric Wakefield Accelerator

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

E201: Dielectric Wakefield Acceleration

q Accelerating gradients > 1GeV/m, vacuum propagation, symmetric for e- & e+ q Dielectric tubes (quartz, diamond) with reflecting boundary (metalic, bragg) q Characterize breakdown threshold q Find optimal geometry (tube, slab symmetric) q Short ~1cm structures in 2012; Wakefield characterization with FTIR CCR q Next phase (2013 and beyond) will go to meter scale structures for > GeV changes in beam energy q Study tailored beam current profiles to maximize single stage performance: total energy gain, efficiency q Transverse wakefields, beam breakup and instability studies

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a = 100um to 800um

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

E202: Ultrafast Processes

q Experimental Principal: § Peak values: 60T magnetic field, 20GV/m electric field § Electric field induced magnetoelectric anisotropy § Ultrashort switching (~100fs) of high anisotropy magnetic media § Ferroelectric samples to be studied q Magneto-electronic anisotropy is strong ~ E2: § Torques acting on magnetization drive the shape of patterns § Information about magnetization dynamics and damping

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Fe/W(110)

B-field torque E-field torque

CoFe/MgO, σt=230fs

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

E203: Coherent Smith-Purcell

q Non-intercepting, single shot measurement of fs – ps pulses q Beam passes over grating giving Smith-Purcell radiation q Grating disperses radiation according to wavelength q Detector array gives spectrum q Preliminary data from commissioning run with averaging, long bunch, multiple gratings:

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

T500: THz Radiation

q Coherent transition radiation by foil insertion q e- bunch length ideal for 0.1-2 THz generation q High peak-current bunch yields high THz peak field q Energy-per-pulse, focal size, and power spectrum diagnostics and sample stage q Autocorrelator for both power spectroscopy and electron bunch length characterization q Measured 50µm FWHM central fringe at high compression 30µm rms bunch length q THz photons with peak frequency adjusted via bunch compression

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

THz Radiation

q Coherent transition radiation by foil insertion q e- bunch length ideal for 0.1-2 THz generation q High peak-current bunch yields high THz peak field q Energy-per-pulse, focal size, and power spectrum diagnostics and sample stage q Autocorrelator for both power spectroscopy and electron bunch length characterization q Measured 50µm FWHM central fringe at high compression 30µm rms bunch length q THz photons with peak frequency adjusted via bunch compression

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Bring THz Upstairs

qInitially just to Klystron Gallery qGain experience with long- distance THz transport qLonger term, transport to laser room for THz-optical pump- probe experiments qNeeds ~ 40 meter long THz transport line qHV grade pumping (< 44 mTorr) qRelay imaging system with large and frequent OAPs (~200 mm dia., ~3.5 m EFL, every ~7 m)

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Further Experiments / Test Beams

q E-204 Testing of Metallic Periodic Structures (Accepted Proposal) q High-Gradient THz-scale Two-Channel Coaxial Dielectric Wakefield Accelerator Experiment (Proposed Experiment for 2013- maybe 2012) q Experimental Verification of the effectiveness of linear collider final-focus feedbacks and alignment algorithms (Proposed Test Beam for 2012) q Direct Measurements of the transverse long-range wakefields of CLIC main linac accelerating Structures (2013)

Short Metallic Accelerating Structure

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q There is interest in using E-200 plasma for studies (2013)

§ Trojan Horse Plasma Wakefield Acceleration § Study of the Self-Modulation of Long Lepton Bunches in Dense Plasmas and its Application to Advanced Acceleration Techniques

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Photo interlude…

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Photo interlude…

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Photo interlude…

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Photo interlude…

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

Photo interlude…

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012

http://facet.slac.stanford.edu

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M.J. Hogan, FACET for DESY & MPI – March 2012 34

Thank you!