F ACT ORS CONT RIBUT ING T O SUCCE SSF UL PHASE OUT OF ME - - PDF document

F ACT ORS CONT RIBUT ING T O SUCCE SSF UL PHASE OUT OF ME T HYL BROMIDE IN T OBACCO PRODUCT ION IN MAL AWI BY L E E

• A. NGIRAZIE

– PROJE CT MANAGE R

• DR. E

RIC H.C. CHIL E MBWE – DIRE CT OR AND CHIE F E XE CUT IVE OF ARE T AGRICUL T URAL RE SE ARCH AND E XT E NSION T RUST (ARE T ) PRIVAT E BAG 9 L IL ONGWE MAL AWI

e -ma il: dire c to r@ a re t.o rg .mw : lng ira zie @ a re t.o rg .mw

OCT OBE R, 2005 126-1

1.0

INT RODUCT ION

Ma la wi ha s b e e n imple me nting a pro je c t to pha se o ut 111 Ozo ne De ple ting Po te ntia l (ODP) me tric to nne s o f Me thyl Bro mide (Me Br) in the to b a c c o se c to r a nd pro mo te the a do ptio n o f thre e a lte rna tive te c hno lo g ie s to Me thyl Bro mide na me ly F lo a t T ra y Syste m, Ba sa mid a nd Me tha m So dium in ra ising to b a c c o se e dling s. T he summa ry o f the pro je c t de ta ils a re a s fo llo ws:- Pro je c t T itle : Pha se o ut o f a ll no n-e sse ntia l a nd No n-QPS Me thyl Bro mide in Ma la wi Pro je c t Numb e r : 00033725 (fo rme rly ML W/ 01/ G61) Sta rt Da te : April, 2001 E nd Da te : De c e mb e r, 2004 I mple me nting Ag e nc y : Ag ric ultura l Re se a rc h a nd E xte nsio n T rust (ARE T ) E xe c uting Ag e nc y : Unite d Na tio ns De ve lo pme nt Pro g ra mme T

• ta l F

unding : US$2,999,824 So urc e o f F unding : Multila te ra l F und T he pro je c t ha s sinc e b e e n e xte nde d to Ma y 31, 2006 whe n it will c lo se do wn a ll its a c tivitie s. 2.0

PROJE CT BACKGROUND

T he Go ve rnme nt o f Ma la wi ha d its c o untry pro g ra mme fo r the pro te c tio n o f the Ozo ne L a ye r pre se nte d a nd a ppro ve d a t the 13th E xe c utive Co mmitte e Me e ting o f the Multila te ra l F und in July, 1994 in the Unite d Sta te s o f Ame ric a . Ma la wi is pa rty to the Vie nna Co nve ntio n a nd Mo ntre a l Pro to c o l fo r the pro te c tio n o f the Ozo ne L a ye r a nd ra tifie d the c o nve ntio n a nd the pro to c o l in Ma rc h, 1985 a nd April, 1990 re spe c tive ly. Me thyl Bro mide is o ne o f the Ozo ne De ple ting Sub sta nc e s (ODS), whic h is b e ing pha se d o ut wo rldwide . Ma la wi is the se c o nd la rg e st use r o f Me Br in Afric a a fte r Zimb a b we . T he to ta l Me Br use in Ma la wi is

126-2

e stima te d a t 130.7 to nne s a nd is ma inly use d in the to b a c c o industry (111 ODP to nne s) a nd g ra in sto ra g e (19.8 ODP to nne s). Ma la wi ha s the re fo re b e e n imple me nting the pro je c t to pha se o ut the 111 ODP to ne s tha t a re use d in the to b a c c o industry a nd pro mo te the use o f a lte rna tive te c hno lo g ie s. T he a lte rna tive te c hno lo g ie s tha t ha ve re pla c e d Me Br inc lude Ba sa mid, Me tha m So dium (He rb ifume ) a nd F lo a ting T ra y Syste m. T he Multila te ra l F und fo r the imple me nta tio n o f the Mo ntre a l Pro to c o l thro ug h the Unite d Na tio ns De ve lo pme nt Pro g ra mme (UNDP) is funding the pro je c t. T he Ministe r o f Ag ric ulture la unc he d the pro je c t o n 9th Ma y, 2001. By imple me nting the pro je c t, Ma la wi me t its c o mmitme nt o f to ta lly pha sing o ut a ll no n-e sse ntia l a nd no n-c ritic a l use s o f Me Br b y 31st De c e mb e r, 2004. T he Ag ric ultura l Re se a rc h a nd E xte nsio n T rust (ARE T ) is the imple me nting a g e nc y whe re a s the g o ve rnme nt thro ug h the E nviro nme nta l Affa irs De pa rtme nt c o o rdina te s the a c tivitie s o f the pro je c t a nd UNDP Ma la wi fa c ilita te s the imple me nta tio n o f the pro je c t. 3.0

PROJE CT GOAL AND OBJE CT IVE S

T he g o a l o f the pro je c t is to pha se o ut Me Br use d fo r to b a c c o se e db e d ste riliza tio n in the to b a c c o se c to r a nd intro duc e o zo ne frie ndly te c hno lo g ie s. T he o b je c tive s o f the pro je c t inc lude the fo llo wing :- 3.1 T

• pha se o ut 111 ODP me tric to nne s o f Me Br in the to b a c c o

se c to r. 3.2 T

• pro mo te o zo ne frie ndly a lte rna tive te c hno lo g ie s to Me Br.

3.3 T

• tra in fa rme rs ho w to use the ne w te c hno lo g ie s

3.4 T

• de mo nstra te to fa rme rs e ffe c tive ne ss o f the ne w

te c hno lo g ie s 3.5 T

• pro vide le g a l fra me wo rk fo r b a nning Me Br

3.6 T

• e nsure a va ila b ility a nd susta ina b ility o f the ne w

te c hno lo g ie s in Ma la wi 3.7 T

• e nsure b a c k-up se rvic e s fo r fa rme rs

4.0

INST IT UT IONS INVOL VE D

T he I nstitutio ns invo lve d in the imple me nta tio n o f the pro je c t inc lude the fo llo wing :- 4.1 Multila te ra l F und – Do no r 4.2 UNDP Ma la wi – F a c ilita to r 4.3 E nviro nme nta l Affa irs De pa rtme nt (E AD) – Co o rdina to r o n b e ha lf o f Go ve rnme nt

126-3

4.4 Ag ric ultura l Re se a rc h a nd E xte nsio n T rust (ARE T ) – I mple me nting Ag e nc y 4.5 Ministry o f Ag ric ulture – Ove rse e r 4.6 T

• b a c c o Asso c ia tio n o f Ma la wi (T

AMA) – Co lla b o ra to r 4.7 Na tio na l Sma llho lde r F a rme rs Asso c ia tio n o f Ma la wi – Co lla b o ra to r 4.8 T

• b a c c o Co ntro l Co mmissio n – Co lla b o ra to r

4.9 Ag ric ultura l De ve lo pme nt a nd Ma rke ting Co rpo ra tio n – Co lla b o ra to r 4.10 Co o rdina tio n Unit fo r Re ha b ilita tio n o f E nviro nme nt (CURE) 4.11 Ministry o f F ina nc e (T re a sury) 4.12 Pe stic ide Co ntro l Bo a rd 5.0

PHASE OUT T ARGE T AND ACHIE VE ME NT S BY YE AR

T he fo llo wing ta b le sho ws the ta rg e ts o f ODP in me tric to nne s pe r ye a r a nd a lso the ODP to nne s a c hie ve d pe r ye a r. By the 31st De c e mb e r, 2004, Ma la wi ha d a c hie ve d the pha se o ut o f 111 ODP to nne s o f Me Br use d in the to b a c c o se c to r.

YE AR NURSE RY BE D ARE A (HA/ YE AR) T ARGE T ODP (MT / YE AR) ACHIE VE D ODP (MT / YE AR)

2001 69.5 19.3 20.1 2002 75.3 20.9 22.18 2003 150.4 41.7 34.72 2004 104.8 29.1 34.0

T OT AL 400 111.0 111.0

6.0

COMMON USE S OF ME T HYL BROMIDE IN MAL AWI

6.1 T

• b a c c o nurse ry fumig a tio n;

6.2 g ra in sto ra g e ; 6.3 disinfe c tio n o f wa re ho use s, c o nta ine rs e tc .; 6.4 F umig a tio n o f struc ture s, fo o d stuffs a nd pe risha b le g o o ds. 7.0

AL T E RNAT IVE S T O ME T HYL BROMIDE BE ING PROMOT E D IN MAL AWI

7.1 Che mic a ls T he c he mic a l a lte rna tive s inc lude : Ba sa mid (So lid fo rmula tio n) a nd

126-4

He rb ifume a lso c a lle d Me tha m So dium (L iq uid fo rmula tio n) 7.2 No n-Che mic a ls T his inc lude F lo a ting T ra y Syste m whic h is a lso c a lle d (Hydro po nic s o r So ille ss Culture ) 8.0

PROJE CT ACT IVIT IE S

A lo t o f pro je c t a c tivitie s we re initia te d a nd imple me nte d. T he a c tivitie s inc lude the fo llo wing :-

8.1 Awa re ne ss Ca mpa ig n Prog ra mme s

8.1.1 T V pro g ra mme s 8.1.2 Ra dio pro g ra mme s 8.1.3 Pre ss re le a se s 8.1.4 Pre ss Co nfe re nc e s 8.1.5 SMS Me ssa g e s o n Ce llpho ne s 8.1.6 Sta mping o f le tte rs with Me Br Me ssa g e s 8.1.7 Ne o n displa y me ssa g e s a t Auc tio n F lo o rs 8.1.8 Me ssa g e s in ARE T ne wsle tte rs

8.2 Promotiona l ma te ria ls a nd a c tivitie s

8.2.1 Ca le nda rs 8.2.2 T

• Shirts

8.2.3 Go lf-Shirts 8.2.4 Bill Bo a rds 8.2.5 Co nfe re nc e b a g s 8.2.6 Po ste rs 8.2.7 Ca ps 8.2.8 F ie ld Visits 8.2.9 F ie ld da ys 8.2.10 F ie ld De mo nstra tio ns 8.2.11 T ra ining o f T ra ine rs (E xte nsio n Ag e nts) 8.2.12 F a rme r T ra ining

8.3 Provision for susta ina bility

8.3.1 L e g a l fra me wo rk o n Me Br Pha se Out in Ma la wi (MW) 8.3.2 Ame ndme nts o f E nviro nme nta l Ma na g e me nt Ac t 8.3.4 De ve lo pme nt o f Stra te g y o n Me Br Pha se Out in MW 8.3.5 So c ia l e c o no mic study o n Me Br pha se o ut in MW 8.3.6 Re se a rc h o n a lte rna tive sub stra te s a nd fe rtilize rs

126-5

8.3.7 I nitia tive fo r lo c a l pro duc tio n o f pine b a rk a nd flo a ting tra ys 8.3.8 Pro c ure me nt o f a pe lle ting ma c hine 8.3.9 Pro duc tio n o f ma nua ls o n a lte rna tive s to Me thyl Bro mide 8.3.10 Study to urs 8.3.11 Sta ke ho lde r wo rksho ps 9.0

ACHIE VE ME NT S

Ma la wi pha se d o ut 111 ODP me tric to nne s o f Me Br in the to b a c c o se c to r. Alte rna tive te c hno lo g ie s to Me thyl Bro mide na me ly F lo a ting T ra y Syste m, Ba sa mid a nd He rb ifume ha ve b e e n a do pte d b y b o th c o mme rc ia l a nd sma llho lde r fa rme rs. Ma ny c o mme rc ia l fa rme rs a re a wa re o f the a lte rna tive s to Me thyl Bro mide . Ma ny c o mme rc ia l fa rme rs a re c o mfo rta b ly using the a lte rna tive s to Me thyl Bro mide . So me sma llho lde r fa rme rs a re a wa re a nd a re a b le to use a lte rna tive s to Me thyl Bro mide . 10.0

CHAL L E NGE S AHE AD

10.1 Re se a rc h into pro duc tio n o f sub stra te s using lo c a l ma te ria ls 10.2 Pro duc tio n o f F lo a t tra ys lo c a lly 10.3 Co ntinue d fa rme r tra ining o n the use o f the ne w te c hno lo g ie s 10.4 Ava ila b ility o f inputs ma inly Ba sa mid, He rb ifume , F lo a ting tra ys a nd pine b a rk c o mpo st. 10.5 Hig h c o st o f te c hno lo g ie s 10.6 Da ng e rs o f smug g ling Me thyl Bro mide into Ma la wi fro m ne ig hb o uring c o untrie s 10.7 L imite d fina nc ia l re so urc e s to suppo rt fa rme r b a c k-up se rvic e s. 11.0

CONCL USION

Ma la wi fulfille d he r c o mmitme nt o f to ta lly pha sing o ut Me Br use in the to b a c c o se c to r b y 31st De c e mb e r, 2004. F a rme rs ha ve a do pte d the ne w a lte rna tive te c hno lo g ie s to Me thyl Bro mide . ARE T will c o ntinue a dvising fa rme rs o n ho w to use the thre e a lte rna tive te c hno lo g ie s. Arra ng e me nts a re in pla c e to ma ke sure tha t the thre e a lte rna tive te c hno lo g ie s to Me Br a re re a dily a va ila b le in Ma la wi. L

• c a l pro duc tio n
• f ma te ria ls initia tive s a re b e ing put in pla c e .

12.0

ACKNOWL E DGE ME NT S

We wo uld like to tha nk E nviro nme nta l Affa irs De pa rtme nt a nd UNDP Ma la wi fo r a utho rizing a nd spo nso ring the trip re spe c tive ly, Pro f. Ha fe z (UNDP Co nsulta nt) a nd Ms. Do miniq ue K a yse r (UNDP Pro je c t

126-6

Co o rdina to r in Ne w Yo rk) fo r the ir initia tive in o rde r fo r the trip to ma te ria lize , ARE T Bo a rd Me mb e rs a nd E nviro nme nta l Affa irs De pa rtme nt fo r a ppro ving the trip.

126-7