Typical crop responses to polyhalite in various agro-climatic - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Typical crop responses to polyhalite in various agro-climatic regions: a global view : Hillel Magen , International Potash Institute, Switzerland Hillel Magen ,

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11/23/2017

Typical crop responses to polyhalite in various agro-climatic regions: a global view 不同农业气候区典型作物对杂卤石的响应: 全球视野 Hillel Magen, International Potash Institute, Switzerland Hillel Magen, 国际钾肥研究所‚ 瑞士

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Content

  • Introduction
  • Solubility
  • Residual response
  • Response to K
  • Results update
  • Conclusions

11/23/2017

Friedrich edrich Strome

  • meye

yer 1776-1835 The mineral polyhalite was first discovered by Friedrich Stromeyer in Salzburg, Austria in 1818.

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Introduction

11/23/2017

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Polyhalite mineral

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K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 • 2(H2O) Polyhalite (dihydrate) is a single complex crystal with two molecules of water of crystallization.

  • Mohs scale 3.5

(gypsum=3)

  • Bulk density = 1.5 mt/m3

Ca Mg S K Ca O Mg Mg Mg Mg K S S

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Barbarick, 1991

5 Source: Barbarick, K.A. (1991). Polyhalite application to sorghum-sudangrass and leaching in soil columns. Soil Science. 151(2), 159-166.

Dry matter yields of sorghum- sudangrass for polyhalite and

  • ther sulphate

fertilizers

Polyhalite SOP

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Barbarick, 1991

6 Source: Barbarick, K.A. (1991). Polyhalite application to sorghum-sudangrass and leaching in soil columns. Soil Science. 151(2), 159-166.

Total K uptake by sorghum- sudangrass for polyhalite and other sulphate fertilizers

Polyhalite SOP

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Tr Treatments atments – th the ty typical ical set t fo for comparison parison

Source: Barbarick, K.A. (1991). Polyhalite application to sorghum-sudangrass and leaching in soil columns. Soil Science. 151(2), 159-166.

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Why Polyhalite performs better?

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Solubility

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Solubility of K from Polyhalite , KCl and SOP

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20 40 60 80 100 120 5 10 15 20 25 % K dissolved Days Polyhalite granular KCl Granular SOP granular

ICLSF lab R&D Netherlands, 2016

Extended availability 50%

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Sand column test: solubility of S from Polyhalite

ICL-University of Nottingham, UK report, 2016 Granular grades

Extended availability

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MgO – maximum concentration 150 ppm

Source: ICL/TAMI report, 12/2015

Polysulphate solubility comparing to other salts at the same nutrient concentration - Mg

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Polysulphate solubility comparing to other salts at the same nutrient concentration - Ca

100 200 300 400 500 600 5 10 15 20 25 30 Cao (ppm) Time (h) Granular Standard CAN Granular

Source: ICL/TAMI report, 12/2015

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Effect of polyhalite on rice seedlings (2013, Brazil)

11/23/2017

0 NP GPoly1 GPoly2 SPoly1

Eqwiv Eqwiv Eqwiv Eqwiv

Source: ICL report, 12/2013

0 NP GPoly1 GPoly2 SPoly1

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Effect of polyhalite on rice seedlings (2013, Brazil)

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0 NP GPoly1 GPoly2 SPoly1

Eqwiv Eqwiv Eqwiv Eqwiv

Source: ICL report, 12/2013

0 NP GPoly1 GPoly2 SPoly1

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Residual response

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Polyhalite effect on the 1st crop (soybean)

K2O effect + 36% Poly effect + 10.5% Poly effect + 19.9%

IPI-EMBRAPA project. Presented as a Poster presented at the Soil Science Society of America Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL. October 2017

Residual Effect: 1st crop, all fertilizers applied

Same K application

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Residual Effect of: 2nd crop, no Polyhalite

Polyhalite residual effect on 2nd crop (maize)

residual effect + 6% Applied only to previous crop

IPI-EMBRAPA project. Presented as a Poster presented at the Soil Science Society of America Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL. October 2017

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Residual effect in wheat

1st application - with 30% leaching 2nd application - with 10% leaching

20 40 60 80 100 Fertilizer applied 2nd crop: No polysulphate applied Total DM (%) N+P N+P+Poly 500 N+P+Poly 1500 N+P+Soluble 1500

CFPN project. Paper presented at the IPNC Copenhagen, 8-2017. In press.

1st wheat crop 2nd wheat crop

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Residual effect in wheat; N+P+TE added in both

  • cycles. Polyhalite only in 1st cycle

1st application - with 30% leaching 2nd application - with 10% leaching

20 40 60 80 100

Fertilizer applied 2nd crop: No polysulphate applied

Relative DM (%)

N+P N+P+Poly 500 N+P+Poly 1500 N+P+Soluble 1500

CFPN project. Paper presented at the IPNC Copenhagen, 8-2017. In press.

1st wheat crop 2nd wheat crop

Each data point is the average of 4 replicates; in pots

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Response to K

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Comparing Polyhalite and KCl in alfalfa fertilization in Brazil

IPI-EMBRAPA: Poster presented at the Soil Science Society of America Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL. October 2017

Control KCl+gypsum Polysulphate

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Comparing Polyhalite and KCl in alfalfa fertilization in Brazil

IPI-EMBRAPA project; Poster presented at the Soil Science Society of America Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL. October 2017

20 40 60 80 100 50 100 150 200 Dry matter yield (g/pot) K dose (kg K2O/ha) KCl KCl+gypsum Polysulphate

Better DM production with Polyhalite

R2 = 0.788 R2 = 0.598 R2 = 0.495

Better response to K with Polyhalite

Each data point is the average of 5 replicates; in pots

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11/23/2017

Results update

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CROPS Alfalfa Mustard Barley Oil palm Bitter gourd Onion Black pepper Pastures Broccoli Peas Cabbage Pineapple Canola Potato Carrot Rice Cauliflower Ryegrass Cherry Sesame Chrysanthemum Soybean Coffee Strawberry Cotton Sugar beet Durian Sugarcane Grapes Sunflower Grasses Tea Groundnut Watermelon Maize Wheat Melon Yam

Polyhalite experiments around the world

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Turkey Antalya (IPI-Ege University project) Cabbage total yield

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 Yield (kg/ha)

Total yield

d c bc ab a

LSD=419

K=0

K = 60 kg K2O/ha

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Turkey Antalya (IPI-Ege University project) Cabbage % nutrients in marketable crop

2 4 6

%K

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

Control KCl K2SO4 Polyhalite K2SO4 + Polyhalite

%Mg

0.5 1 1.5 Control KCl K2SO4 Polyhalite K2SO4 + Polyhalite

%Ca

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

%S

c b a b ab bc c c ab a c bc b b a b bc c b ab

K=0 K=0

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1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

Yield (kg/ha)

Turkey Antalya (IPI-Ege University project) Onion total yield

d c ab a b

LSD=419

K=0

K = 60 kg K2O/ha

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5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5

Control KCl K2SO4 Polyhalite K2SO4 + Polyhalite

TSS (%) Vit C (mg/100 gr)

Turkey Antalya (IPI-Ege University project) Onion quality

c ab a a b

K=0

c abc bc a ab

K = 60 kg K2O/ha

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Polysulphate Salt Index

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ICL/TAMI report, 5/2015

  • Salt Index is an important

characteristic of a fertilizer

  • Salt index is a measure of the

salt concentration that fertilizer induces in the soil solution

  • The higher the osmotic

potential of a solution - the more difficult it is for seeds or plants to extract soil water required for growth

Material and analysis Salt Index(*) KCl 116.2 KNO3 69.5 K2SO4 42.6 MgSO4 44 CaSO4 8.1 Polysulphate 12 Per equal weight of material

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Conclusions

  • By providing 4 nutrients (3 secondary), a much better ‘Balanced

Fertilization’ is achieved

  • Polyhalite availability to plants is similar to equivalent other fertilizers,

but it provides extended availability for plant’s growth

  • Due to its unique solubility, leaching losses of K, Mg, S and Ca are

less and hence residual effect is achieved.

  • Polyhalite is suitable and safe for a wide range of crops

– Crops with high S requirements – With Cl sensitivity – For open field and green house – Affecting also produce quality

11/23/2017

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Thank you

11/23/2017

h.magen@ipipotash.org