The nutrient release kinetics of Polyhalite and its biological - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The nutrient release kinetics of Polyhalite and its biological - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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IPIs first symposium on Polyhalite 31 Oct. 2017, Sanya, Hainan The nutrient release kinetics of Polyhalite and its biological effect on tea growth and quality in China Kang Ni, Qunfeng Zhang, Jianyun Ruan Tea Research Institute, Chinese

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Kang Ni, Qunfeng Zhang, Jianyun Ruan

Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The nutrient release kinetics of Polyhalite and its biological effect on tea growth and quality in China

IPI’s first symposium on Polyhalite 31 Oct. 2017, Sanya, Hainan

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Background

China is the largest tea production country in the world

(Area 2.8 M ha, 63%; 517 M ton, 42%)

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Background

Beside N, K is also crucial in tea plantation

  • K increase fresh yield
  • Favors the accumulation of free amino acid and polyphenols
  • Tolerance of drought, frost and other stress (insects, fungal etc.)

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 5 10 15 20 25 30

Relative yield increase (%) K rate (kg K ha

  • 1 yr
  • 1)

(NPK-NP)/NP

10 20 30 40 50

N.S. a b

Autumn tea

Polyphenols Caffeine

Free amino acid/Caffeine (g kg

  • 1)

CK MOP SOP

Free Amino Acid Polyphenols Caffeine Free Amino Acid

Spring tea

b a b b a b b a b b N.S.

200 250 300 350

Polyphenols (g kg

  • 1)

(Ruan et al., 2013)

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Background

Mg fertilization increase ~5% tea yield Increase amino acid content in Green, Black and Oolong tea Synergetic effect on K

K150 K150+Mg35 K300 K300+Mg35 10 20 30 40

Relative increase of amino acid content (%) Spring tea Autumn tea

(Ruan et al., 1999)

MgO (kg/ha)

40 80 120 160

Relative yield of CK (%)

90 100 110 120

Year 1999 Year 2000 Year 2001

Yingde

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Background

  • Low CEC, acidic properties of soil plantation soil
  • Exch.K ranged 15.3~1031 mg/kg, ~75% less than 100

mg/kg

  • Exch.Mg ranged 10~80 mg/kg,~62% less than 45 mg/kg

>80% of tea gardens in Yunnan, Jiangxi and Fujian in Mg deficiency (<45 mg/kg)

K and Mg supply is crucial for sustainable of tea production

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Background

Polyhalite application in tea plantation

  • Natural mineral
  • Four elements in one fertilizer (K, Mg, Ca, S)
  • Labor-cost saving (less separated fertilization)
  • Slow-release (lower solubility)
  • Without Cl toxicity
  • Mitigate soil acidification (Ca)
  • Surplus Ca addition (affect Mg uptake)
  • Ca>500 mg kg-1 reduce quality
  • Ca>2000 mg kg-1 harm the growth
  • Ca>5000 mg kg-1 seriously inhibit the growth
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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Objectives

  • 1. The K and Mg release of Polyhalite in tea

plantation soil

  • 2. The yield and quality effect of Polyhalite in

green tea

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Questions

  • 1. Does polyhalite has the slow-release nutrients in tea

plantation soil?

  • 2. Is there any advantage of Polyhalite on tea

fertilization, compared with normal compound NPK?

  • 3. Does addition of Ca by polyhalite have adverse

effect on tea yield and quality?

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Laboratory leaching experiment

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Experiment design

Code Explanations tr1 CK Control tr2 K K addition tr3 K+Mg K and Mg addition (zero Ca) tr4 PolyK Polyhalite addition as the K in tr3, high Ca input tr5 PolyMg+K Polyhalite addition as the Mg in tr3, and K added to the level in tr 4 tr6 PolyMg Polyhalite addition as the Mg in tr3, half Ca as tr4 tr7 K+Mg+Ca K and Mg as tr3, but medium Ca addition between tr3 and tr 5

Code K (mg kg-1 soil) Mg (mg kg-1 soil) Ca (mg kg-1 soil) tr1 CK tr2 K 100 tr3 K+Mg 100 20 tr4 PolyK 100 40 141 tr5 PolyMg+K 100 20 72 tr6 PolyMg 51 20 72 tr7 K+Mg+Ca 100 20 35

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Leaching Experiment

Soil pH 4.42 SOC 0.49% TN 0.07%

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Leaching experiment

  • Slow release of polyhalite
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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Cumulative leaching

  • Less leaching of cations
  • High amount of anion of S

(addition)

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K and Mg in the soil layers (mg kg-1)

50 100 150 200 250

CK K K+Mg K+Mg+Ca PolyK PolyMg PolyMg+K

top layer mid layer sub layer 20 40 60 80

CK K K+Mg K+Mg+Ca PolyK PolyMg PolyMg+K

top layer mid layer sub layer K Mg

  • High content in Poly
  • Abundant in top layer
  • Less downward
  • Leaching reduction
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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Pot experiment

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Pot experiment

Code Explanations tr1 CK Control tr2 K K addition tr3 K+Mg K and Mg addition (zero Ca) tr4 PolyK Polyhalite addition as the K in tr3, high Ca input tr5 PolyMg+K Polyhalite addition as the Mg in tr3, and K added to the level in tr 4 tr6 PolyMg Polyhalite addition as the Mg in tr3, half Ca as tr4 tr7 K+Mg+Ca K and Mg as tr3, but medium Ca addition between tr3 and tr 5

处理 K Mg Ca CK 0.00 0.00 0.00 K 90.00 0.00 0.00 K+Mg 90.00 18.00 0.00 PolyK 90.00 35.19 127.31 PolyMg+K 90.00 18.00 65.11 PolyMg 46.03 18.00 65.11 KMgCa 90.00 18.00 95.54

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Pot experiment

Soil properties

  • pH 5.3, SOC 0.81%, TN 0.08%
  • Available P 0.6 mg/kg, Available K 71.9 mg/kg, Available

Mg 26.6 mg/kg

Variety

  • Longjing 43
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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Dry matter of young shoots

  • highest yield in polyK, high Mg input?
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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Quality components

  • Polyhalite addition significantly increased amino acid

content

  • CaSO4 addition reduced the amino acid and increase

the polyphenols, but polyhalite showed less effect

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Field experiment

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Experiment design

N1 （300 kg N ha-1） N2 （500 kg N ha-1） Comments NPK

  • Mg

NPKMg 50 MgO 50 MgO +Mg NPKMg+F 20 MgO + MgSO4.7H2O 20 MgO + MgSO4.7H2O +Foliar Mg Poly 50 MgO 50 MgO Polyhalite Compound 50 MgO 50 MgO Compound 10 treatments 4 replicates Plot area: 56 m2

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Field Trial

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

N300

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

N500

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Conlusion

 Slow nutrient release of K, Mg and Ca in tea plantation soil  Polyhalite has potential in nutrient leaching reduction  Polyhalite slightly increased young shoot biomass  Polyhalite addition increased the amino acid content and reduce PP:AA in spring tea  Ca addition by polyhalite did not show adverse effect on autumn tea quality

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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS

Acknowledgements

  • Research group of Tea nutrition and physiology
  • ICL and IPI
  • Mr He Ming, Mr. Eldad Sokolowski and Dr. Li Guohua
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中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 Tea Research Institute, CAAS