Performance of polyhalite as a multi nutrient fertilizer for potato - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Simone da Costa Mello Crop Science Department- University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

Performance of polyhalite as a multi nutrient fertilizer for potato in Brazil

2016 -Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics- (IBGE) Potato Production: 3,851.398 ton Minas Gerais State (MG): 32.7% of total production São Paulo State (SP): 17.3% of total production Paraná State (PR): 21.3% of total production

Potato Production in Brazil

Study- Potato- Tapira (MG) and Casa Branca (SP)

Site pH OM P K Ca Mg S g/dm3 mg/dm3 mmolc/dm3 mg/dm3 Tapira 5.5 37.2 74.1 2.2 28.2 8.9 29.9 Casa Branca 4.9 18.4 4.6 1.1 14.6 4.4 3.6

Soil Chemical Analysis of experimental sites

Tapira (MG) Asterix variety - Long oval uniform red tubers with yellow flesh. French fries and processed products. Casa Branca (SP) Romeo variety – dark red tubers Fried foods, baked foods and purees.

Potato Varieties

TREATMENTS K2O rate Blend N P2O5 Ca Mg S

• ----------------------------------------Kg/ha---------------------------------------

Blend I 150 526 574 326

4-14-2 MOP + Urea + TSP + SSP

75 3750 150 526 574 326

4-14-4 MOP + Urea + TSP + SSP

150 3750 150 526 574 326

4-14-6 MOP + Urea + TSP + SSP

225 3750 150 526 574 326

4-14-8 MOP + Urea + TSP + SSP

300 3750 150 526 574 326

Blend II

150 526 65 19 102

4-14-2 Poly + Urea + MAP

75 3750 150 526 65 19 102

4-14-4 Poly + Urea + MAP

150 3750 150 526 130 39 204

4-14-6 Poly + Urea + MAP

225 3750 150 526 195 58 305

4-14-8 Poly + Urea + MAP

300 3750 150 526 260 78 407

Blend III

150 526 65 19 106

4-14-2 K2SO4 + Urea + MAP

75 3750 150 526 65 19 106

4-14-2 K2SO4 + Urea + MAP

150 3750 150 526 130 39 213

4-14-2 K2SO4 + Urea + MAP

225 3750 150 526 195 58 319

4-14-2 K2SO4 + Urea + MAP

300 3750 150 526 260 78 426

Fertilization pre-plant

Planting of potato seeds

Planting potato seeds:

Tapira: September 4th, 2015 Casa branca: July 28th, 2016

Evaluated characteristics

Soil sampling

Soil sampling for each plot: 0-20 cm Period: pre-plant and after harvest Chemical analysis: pH, EC, K, Ca, Mg and S

Sampling of f leaves

Sampling of petioles and leaflets (Young expadend leaves)

• Tapira (MG): 36, 63 and 84 days after

planting (DAP).

• Casa Branca (SP): 26, 40, 57 and 71 DAP
• Chemical analysis – N, P, K, Ca, Mg andS

Potato Harvest

Harvest: Tapira: January 18th, 2016 Casa Branca: November 5th, 2016 Size of tubers: < 28 mm 28-33 mm 33-42 mm 42-70 mm

No commercial yield - Diseases

Spongospora subterranea Streptomyces scabies Meloydogyne spp. Pectobacterium carotovora supspp.

No commercial yield - Physiological disturbs

Silking Lenticelose Greening Cracks

Potato quality

Qualitative characterisits:

• Starch
• Hardness
• Crunchiness
• Dry mass
• total soluble
• reducing sugar
• total soluble solids

Results – Tapira (MG)

1.33c 2.23b 2.8ab 2.78ab 3.17a 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

75 150 225 300

K content (mmolc/dm3) kg/ha of K2O

Soil fertility – K content

59a 41.5b 41.3b 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

POLY MOP K2SO4

S content (mg/dm3) 300 kg/ha of K2O

Soil fertility – S content

Leaf nutrient - Ca and Mg contents at 36 DAP

10.6a 9.33b 8.55b

8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11

Ca conc. in the leaflets (g/kg)

300 kg/ha of K2O

POLY K2SO4 MOP

5.12b 6.81a 5.15b

5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8

1

Mg conc. in the petioles (g/kg)

300 kg/ha of K2O

POLY K2SO4 MOP Interation Source X rates at 36 DAP Ca - Leaflet Interation Source X rates at 36 DAP Mg - petiole

Leaf nutrient - Ca and Mg contents at 63 DAP

10.6a 9.33b 8.55b

8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11

Ca conc. in the leaflets (g/kg)

300 kg/ha of K2O

POLY K2SO4 MOP Interation Source X rates - Ca - Leaflet Effects of K sources - Mg - Leaflet

5.72a 5.48b 5.15ab

5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6

1

Mg conc. in the leaflets (g/kg) Poly K2SO4 MOP

Nutrient uptakes - tubers

15 30 45 60 75 90 75 150 225 300 Nutrient uptake by tubers (kg/ha) Kg/ha K2O K Ca Mg s

Commercial yield

y = 0.0432x + 16.142 R² = 0.9968

15 20 25 30 35 75 150 225 300 Commercial Yield (t/ha) Kg/ha K2O

15.23a 1.33a 14.31ab 1.24ab 13.56b 1.2b 5 10 15 20 Hardness (N) Crunchness (N/mm) POLY K2SO4 MOP

Quality potato

12.63a 14.28a 12.39ab 13.53a 11.19b 11.42b 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 225 300 Starch content (g/100g) Kg/ha K2O POLY K2SO4 MOP

Quality potato – Starch content

Interation Source X rates

17.96a 17.38a 15.78ab 16.43a 15.81b 15.59b

15 16 17 18 19 20 225 300 Dry mass (%) Kg/ha K2O POLY K2SO4 MOP

Quality potato

Results – Casa Branca (SP)

12.7 b 19.2a 9.5c 5 10 15 20 25

POLY MOP K2SO4

Ca content (mg/dm3) 75 kg/ha of K2O

Soil fertility – Ca content

15.5 a 14.5 a 11.3 b 3 6 9 12 15 18

POLY MOP K2SO4

Ca content (mg/dm3) 150 kg/ha of K2O

Soil fertility – Ca content

4.75 b 5.5 ab 6.5 a 2 4 6 8

POLY MOP K2SO4

Mg content (mg/dm3) 300 kg/ha of K2O

Soil fertility – Mg content

Fertilizer Mg content in the leaflet at 26 DAT Mg content in the leaflet at 40 DAT S content in the leaflet at 57 DAT MOP 3.66 b 3.34 b 2.78 b SOP 4.31 a 4.84 a 3.63 a POLY 4.18 a 4.71 a 3.11 a

Leaf nutrient – Mg and S contents in the leafl flets

27.8 a 24.3 b 27.9 a 24 26 28 30

POLY MOP K2SO4

Total yield (t/ha)

Total Yield

y = -0.0005x2 + 0.1671x + 30.546 R² = 0.8929

25 30 35 40 45 75 150 225 300 Commercial yield t/ha Rates of K2O

167 kg/ha = 44,51 t/ha

Commercial yield

18.53 b 20.29a 19.14 ab

18 19 20 21 MOP SOP POLY Hardness (N)

Quality potato

Conclusions

a) The effect of polyhalite on commercial yield depends on the soil fertility, considering K, Ca, Mg and S as source of nutrients: The K rates improved the potato commercial yield at Tapira (MG). The amount of 167 kg K2O ha-1 improved the potato commercial yield at Casa Branca (SP) c) Polyhalite fertilizer improves the important characteristics of potato quality as starch content, hardness and crunchiness.

Thank you!!!