Farmanco Outlook Day Agronomy Introduction The 2017 crop Crop - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Farmanco Outlook Day – Agronomy

• Introduction
• The 2017 crop
• Crop Viability
• Residues
• Weed Control
• Insects
• The 2018 crop
• Rotation
• Seed
• Fertiliser
• Chemical

Introduction

Top 4 responses to what farmers want from the 2017 season?

Residue to Protect Soil

• 50% ground covered, 30% anchored.
• Cereal 0.75t/Ha, Lupins 1500kg/Ha, Pasture 1000kg/Ha
• Low yielding crops have low Harvest Index (approx. 0.3).
• Large stable clods. Can be developed on clays and loams by

cultivation, but not sands. Deep rip in semi wet.

Grain Yield (t/Ha) Total Residue (t/Ha) 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.5 1.1

Dalwallinu Soil and Fallow Data (1907-2010)

Stored water at sowing and modelled yields. 210mm of GSR negates the water storage benefit of fallow. (120mm) (110mm) (45mm)

Canola

• Summer = 100mm x 0.25 = 25mm + GSR = 40mm = 65mm.
• 0-100kg/Ha ($0-50/Ha): 130mm – 65mm = 65mm. 48/68 years = 71% of years.
• 200kg/Ha ($100/Ha): 150mm – 65mm = 85mm. 26/68 years = 38% of years.
• 300kg/Ha ($150/Ha): 170mm – 65mm = 105mm. 13/68 years = 19% of years.

Canola

Treatment Cost ($/Ha) Cost as Canola (kg/Ha) Glyphosate $12.00 + $8.00 = $20.00 40 Clethodim/Quizalofop $11.10 + $8.00 = $19.10 39 Atrazine $6.80 + $8.00 = $14.80 30 Clethodim/Quiz/Atrazine $17.90 + $8.00 = $25.90 52 Insecticide costs $30 60 Harvest costs $30 60 Total costs $85.90 172 = 85mm (38%)

Wheat

• 200kg/Ha ($50/Ha): 100mm – 65mm = 35mm. 66/68 = 97% of years.
• 200-500kg/Ha ($50-125/Ha): 130mm – 65mm = 65mm. 48/68 years = 71% of years.
• 500-800kg/Ha ($125-200/Ha): 150mm – 65mm = 85mm. 26/68 years = 38% of years.
• 1100kg/Ha ($275/Ha): 170mm – 65mm = 105mm. 13/68 years = 19% of years.

Wheat

Treatment Cost ($/Ha) Cost as Wheat (kg/Ha) Glyphosate $12.00 + $8.00 = $20.00 80 Broadleaf spray $12.00 + $8.00 = $20.00 80 Harvest costs $30.00 120 Total costs $50.00 200kg = 35–65mm (70-90%)

Crop Viability

CEREALS

• Determinant. Yield set early, esp barley.
• Bolted crops = no stored CHO to partition to yield.
• Low biomass crops v 9th July emerged crops? Heat stress inevitable.
• Staggered timings, caution with herbicides.

CANOLA

• Canola grass control timing was when cost control decision to fallow the crop was made.
• Must be 5-6 leaf cohort with average of > 5-10 plants/m2 and not too patchy across the paddock.
• More primary spikes for earlier flowering/grain-fil and harvestability.

LUPINS

• Emergence time is the critical factor.
• May emerged crops are budding now and can reach harvestable height.
• Lupin can yield with low plant densities 5-10plants/m2 if budding now.

Herbicides

• Weeds emerging now. How dirty will the crops be?
• CEREALS
• CFI good value, but can be damaging, especially with stressed crops.
• Group F damages leaf area.
• Group I damages reproductive organs.
• Crop must be actively growing.
• Velocity soft but expensive and need to get timing right.
• AHRI hand weeding data:

Herbicides

• CANOLA
• Much of the LRZ can use lower rates of clethodim.
• Quizalofop on budding/flowering canola.
• Atrazine for radish – manage residues. (Rate and barley in 2018).
• LUPINS
• Lupins can spray over primary flower given it is below harvest height.
• Grass spraying is challenging on larger weeds. Spray grasses first.
• Brodal/metribuzin basics – spray ahead of weather and avoid cold conditions.
• Crop topping for all crop types if required.

Insects

• DBM -
• Target early but work to thresholds and respond to the weather.
• If required use Affirm @ 150mL/Ha = $12/Ha.
• Boom spray application.

Canola Growth Stage DBM No per 10 sweeps Pre Flowering (stressed) 10-30 Pre Flowering (unstressed) 30-50 Flowering 100-200 Post Flowering 300-500

• CABBAGE/TURNIP APHIDS
• Alpha Cypermethrin Duo @ 400mL/Ha + chlorpyrifos @ 300mL/Ha.
• Higher SP rate for moth repellence.
• SC formulation ok this season if applied by boom.
• Aphid thresholds are lower in the dry. Use any infestation on 20% of spikes.
• LOCUSTS
• Target nymphs emerging from egg beds.
• Send eggs off to DAFWA to confirm timing of hatching.
• Alpha cypermethrin @ 160-200mL/Ha ($1.20-1.50/Ha).
• Chlorpyrifos @ 350mL/Ha ($2.80/Ha).
• Fipronil 200 @ 6.25mL/Ha ($2.10/Ha) on pasture for residual.
• WHP = 14 days, ESI = 21 days.

Fallow

• Current rain will flush weeds and start storing soil moisture.
• Glyphosate preferred. Exception may be where germination is occurring

now.

• eg Glyphosate @ 3-4L/Ha + SOA @ 0.5-1% + LI700 @ 0.3%.
• Spikes may be valuable: +/- Ester, Carfentrazone, Atrazine?
• There is less value from residuals now.
• Paraquat for final seed-set control as required.
• eg Paraquat @ 400-800mL/Ha + WA @ 0.1% (1.5L/Ha if radish with pods present).

Looking forward to 2018

• Rotations
• Seed
• Fertilisers
• Herbicides

Rotations

• Drought/Wheat rotation (B.Strickland, 2010 and other seasons).
• Barley is a rotational break for foliar disease and competition.
• 2018 Canola, Fallow to set up for 2019.
• How much will be fallowed? Crop topped?
• Rotational analysis in September.

Seed

• Cereal seed quality will depend on the season finish, canola will be poor.
• Seed will be accessible in other areas, make plans before harvest.

Crop Protection

• This years weed control will affect next years strategy.
• Knock downs or dry sowing?
• Use Paraquat whenever it is in its window. ie 1-4 leaf.
• Trifluralin doing the heavy lifting.
• Price of Prosulfocarb mixes may rival triallate/trifluralin mixes next

season.

• Flutriafol decisions can be left until autumn. Beware of low fertiliser

rates.

• Low-cost seed dressing for flag smut on Mace.
• Rotate SC formulations held in storage eg tebuconazole.

Fertiliser

• Nitrogen - Manage N after this seasons yields have been determined.
• Phosphorus –
• Nil or low P rates. (pH, PBI, gravel).
• Liquid P = 0.5kg P/Ha ($7/Ha) → continuous.
• Agras P = 1.1kg P kg/Ha → 67mm granule spacing.
• MAP P = 2.4kg P/Ha → 75mm granule spacing.
• MAP @ 4.8kg P/Ha ($14/Ha) → 38mm granule spacing.
• Potassium –
• Low removals. Target where required.
• Sulphur - Nil or low S rates. Apply in-season if necessary.
• Trace elements –
• Low removals. Target where required.
• Can use solid sulphates at very low costs.

Questions?