Farmanco Outlook Day – Agronomy • Introduction • The 2017 crop • Crop Viability • Residues • Weed Control • Insects • The 2018 crop • Rotation • Seed • Fertiliser • Chemical
Introduction Top 4 responses to what farmers want from the 2017 season?
Residue to Protect Soil • 50% ground covered, 30% anchored. • Cereal 0.75t/Ha, Lupins 1500kg/Ha, Pasture 1000kg/Ha • Low yielding crops have low Harvest Index (approx. 0.3). Grain Yield Total Residue (t/Ha) (t/Ha) 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.5 1.1 • Large stable clods. Can be developed on clays and loams by cultivation, but not sands. Deep rip in semi wet.
Dalwallinu Soil and Fallow Data (1907-2010) Stored water at sowing and modelled yields. (120mm) (110mm) (45mm) 210mm of GSR negates the water storage benefit of fallow.
Canola • Summer = 100mm x 0.25 = 25mm + GSR = 40mm = 65mm. • 0-100kg/Ha ($0-50/Ha): 130mm – 65mm = 65mm. 48/68 years = 71% of years. • 200kg/Ha ($100/Ha): 150mm – 65mm = 85mm. 26/68 years = 38% of years. • 300kg/Ha ($150/Ha): 170mm – 65mm = 105mm. 13/68 years = 19% of years.
Canola Treatment Cost ($/Ha) Cost as Canola (kg/Ha) Glyphosate $12.00 + $8.00 = $20.00 40 Clethodim/Quizalofop $11.10 + $8.00 = $19.10 39 Atrazine $6.80 + $8.00 = $14.80 30 Clethodim/Quiz/Atrazine $17.90 + $8.00 = $25.90 52 Insecticide costs $30 60 Harvest costs $30 60 Total costs $85.90 172 = 85mm (38%)
Wheat • 200kg/Ha ($50/Ha): 100mm – 65mm = 35mm. 66/68 = 97% of years. • 200-500kg/Ha ($50-125/Ha): 130mm – 65mm = 65mm. 48/68 years = 71% of years. • 500-800kg/Ha ($125-200/Ha): 150mm – 65mm = 85mm. 26/68 years = 38% of years. • 1100kg/Ha ($275/Ha): 170mm – 65mm = 105mm. 13/68 years = 19% of years.
Wheat Treatment Cost ($/Ha) Cost as Wheat (kg/Ha) Glyphosate $12.00 + $8.00 = $20.00 80 Broadleaf spray $12.00 + $8.00 = $20.00 80 Harvest costs $30.00 120 Total costs $50.00 200kg = 35 – 65mm (70-90%)
Crop Viability CEREALS • Determinant. Yield set early, esp barley. • Bolted crops = no stored CHO to partition to yield. • Low biomass crops v 9 th July emerged crops? Heat stress inevitable. • Staggered timings, caution with herbicides. CANOLA • Canola grass control timing was when cost control decision to fallow the crop was made. • Must be 5-6 leaf cohort with average of > 5-10 plants/m2 and not too patchy across the paddock. • More primary spikes for earlier flowering/grain-fil and harvestability. LUPINS • Emergence time is the critical factor. • May emerged crops are budding now and can reach harvestable height. • Lupin can yield with low plant densities 5-10plants/m2 if budding now.
Herbicides • Weeds emerging now. How dirty will the crops be? • CEREALS • CFI good value, but can be damaging, especially with stressed crops. • Group F damages leaf area. • Group I damages reproductive organs. • Crop must be actively growing. • Velocity soft but expensive and need to get timing right. • AHRI hand weeding data:
Herbicides • CANOLA • Much of the LRZ can use lower rates of clethodim. • Quizalofop on budding/flowering canola. • Atrazine for radish – manage residues. (Rate and barley in 2018). • LUPINS • Lupins can spray over primary flower given it is below harvest height. • Grass spraying is challenging on larger weeds. Spray grasses first. • Brodal/metribuzin basics – spray ahead of weather and avoid cold conditions. • Crop topping for all crop types if required.
Insects • DBM - • Target early but work to thresholds and respond to the weather. • If required use Affirm @ 150mL/Ha = $12/Ha. • Boom spray application. Canola Growth Stage DBM No per 10 sweeps Pre Flowering (stressed) 10-30 Pre Flowering (unstressed) 30-50 Flowering 100-200 Post Flowering 300-500
• CABBAGE/TURNIP APHIDS • Alpha Cypermethrin Duo @ 400mL/Ha + chlorpyrifos @ 300mL/Ha. • Higher SP rate for moth repellence. • SC formulation ok this season if applied by boom. • Aphid thresholds are lower in the dry. Use any infestation on 20% of spikes. • LOCUSTS • Target nymphs emerging from egg beds. • Send eggs off to DAFWA to confirm timing of hatching. • Alpha cypermethrin @ 160-200mL/Ha ($1.20-1.50/Ha). • Chlorpyrifos @ 350mL/Ha ($2.80/Ha). • Fipronil 200 @ 6.25mL/Ha ($2.10/Ha) on pasture for residual. • WHP = 14 days, ESI = 21 days.
Fallow • Current rain will flush weeds and start storing soil moisture. • Glyphosate preferred. Exception may be where germination is occurring now. • eg Glyphosate @ 3-4L/Ha + SOA @ 0.5-1% + LI700 @ 0.3%. • Spikes may be valuable: +/- Ester, Carfentrazone, Atrazine? • There is less value from residuals now. • Paraquat for final seed-set control as required. • eg Paraquat @ 400-800mL/Ha + WA @ 0.1% (1.5L/Ha if radish with pods present).
Looking forward to 2018 • Rotations • Seed • Fertilisers • Herbicides
Rotations • Drought/Wheat rotation (B.Strickland, 2010 and other seasons). • Barley is a rotational break for foliar disease and competition. • 2018 Canola, Fallow to set up for 2019. • How much will be fallowed? Crop topped? • Rotational analysis in September. Seed • Cereal seed quality will depend on the season finish, canola will be poor. • Seed will be accessible in other areas, make plans before harvest.
Crop Protection • This years weed control will affect next years strategy. • Knock downs or dry sowing? • Use Paraquat whenever it is in its window. ie 1-4 leaf. • Trifluralin doing the heavy lifting. • Price of Prosulfocarb mixes may rival triallate/trifluralin mixes next season. • Flutriafol decisions can be left until autumn. Beware of low fertiliser rates. • Low-cost seed dressing for flag smut on Mace. • Rotate SC formulations held in storage eg tebuconazole.
Fertiliser • Nitrogen - Manage N after this seasons yields have been determined. • Phosphorus – • Nil or low P rates. (pH, PBI, gravel). • Liquid P = 0.5kg P/Ha ($7/Ha ) → continuous. • Agras P = 1.1kg P kg/Ha → 67mm granule spacing. • MAP P = 2.4kg P/Ha → 75mm granule spacing. • MAP @ 4.8kg P/Ha ($14/Ha) → 38mm granule spacing. • Potassium – • Low removals. Target where required. • Sulphur - Nil or low S rates. Apply in-season if necessary. • Trace elements – • Low removals. Target where required. • Can use solid sulphates at very low costs.
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