The True Challenges & Risks of Biogas and its Utilization - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The True Challenges & Risks of Biogas and its Utilization Options in Thailand

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Biogas Production Plants Landfill Gas Recovery Biogas Engine Generators Biogas Purification Biomass Fired Heat and Power Plants Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Plants Waste Heat Recovery Systems

Technologies

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Farm Waste Agri-Industrial Waste (Starch, Palm Oil, Sugar,….) Landfill Gas Ethanol WW from Molasses and cassava Napier Grass (NEW and Special) Seafood Industry Tropical Fruit Processing Slaughterhouse Waste OFMSW General Food and Beverage Industry

Typical Applications for Biogas in Thailand

4 Wastewater Inlet

Treated Wastewater Biogas

How it works

Biogas Production Technology

• Technical solutions do exist for all organic

substrates to produce Biogas.

• Many reactor types are available, mesophilic
• r thermophilic.
• High tech and high performance solutions.
• Low tech and low performance solutions.

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Biomethanation Reactors (1)

• Various pre- and post- treatments are

available and must be carefully engineered and selected.

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Biomethanation Reactors

Medium/High Loading Rate: beet sugar, starch, brewery, soft drinks. Juices, fruit & veg. processing, potato & corn processing, slaughterhouse, rendering, cheese processing. Low/Medium Loading Rate fermentation (alcohol, baker’s yeast, citric acid), fish and meat processing, slaughterhouse, rendering, dairy industry. High Loading Rate - Tower

Different Reactors (1)

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High FOG:

Fermentation Fish & Meat, Slaughter- houses, Rendering, Cheese Processing.

Oil & Toxicity Proof:

Petrochemical Applications,

Sludge & Slurries:

Molasses distilleries Sludges, pulps

Alternative Reactor:

Covered lagoon, Molasses distilleries, Pulp & Paper Industry, and many more applications where space is available

Different Reactors (2)

Material for reactor tanks: new options for Thailand round bolted steel tanks, pre coated inside/outside

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Biogas Utilization

Inground or covered lagoon reactors are very common here in Thailand. Where space does not matter, where feedstocks are unstable and undefined!

• r even for post treatment, probably a realistic

solution.

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Biogas Utilization

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Biogas Production

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100% bunker oil replacement + 2.6 MW electricity generation 100% bunker oil replacement.

Examples of Biogas Projects in Thailand

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Selected References

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• The biogas can be utilized in many ways

depending on the thermal or electricity energy requirements of your factory such as fuel replacement for boiler, electricity generation etc. Thanks to Thailand‟s “adder” system you are motivated to sell to the grid. You might also want to produce CBG (compressed biogas) for use as vehicle fuel

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Biogas Utilization

• The estimation of the biogas production rate and

methane gas content is the first step in the biogas utilization plan.

• The major factors are biodegradable COD load and

flow rate of the wastewater.

• These factors are related to the raw material, the

capacity of the plant, and the production process.

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Biogas Production and Methane Gas Estimation

• How do I design the size of the plant,

considering unstable feedstock supply patterns?

• Do I go for maximum and invest in a plant

which is then for certain periods too big and underutilized?

• Or do I go for small and bypass the

substrate/water for too long periods?

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Wastewater Treatment Concerns (2)

• How do I get my wastewater or solids to the

reactor?

• What space do I need?
• Did I consider also biogas treatment for its

intended purpose, i.e. power generation / boiler?

• Do I need scrubbing (H2S..), drying?
• How far do I have to transport the gas?

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Wastewater Treatment Concerns (3)

• How do I optimize my revenue from the

biogas plant?

• Do I give preference to the power generators?

The remaining gas to the boiler? Do I sell my power to the grid?

• Do I replace other fossil fuels such as bunker
• il? Where is the break-even?

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Investment and Financial Concern (1)

• Have I explored all financial initiatives

available to support the implementation of the project?

• Is my project generating carbon credits? Is it

worth to follow all the CDM procedures?

• Shall I invest myself or look for BOO/BOT

partners?

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Investment and Financial Concern (2)

Biogas

Oil/ coal replacement Electricity generation

Possibilities of Biogas Utilization

Compressed Biogas

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• Still: Biogas you do not buy thru a pipeline or from a

tank or storage „on call‟ like other fuels but is the result of a biological process, which may bear unpredictable issues. The dependence to biogas must be well considered in terms of down stream processes, not only from smooth process flow but also commercial considerations must be applied!

• …and above all: SAFETY!

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Consideration about the Biogas

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Boilers

Dual fuel burner systems

Oil/ coal replacement

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Biogas scrubber

Biogas blower

Electricity Generation

Biogas drier

CHP Plant

• Only methane in the biogas is a source of

energy.

• Some other compositions are not utilized for

the energy production such as carbon dioxide,

• xygen, hydrogen sulfide gas, small particle

(dust), and moisture.

• Biogas cleaning may be required.
• Hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) or moisture can

damage the biogas utilizing equipment.

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Biogas Cleaning (1)

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H2S Scrubbers

• Biogas contains H2S, a very corrosive gas

which is unwanted at the down stream equipment such as engines, biogas purifiers but also in (SOx) emmissions.

• Bioscrubbers are here the optimal solution.

• Corrosive to metal part of the equipment.
• H2S gas production based on the raw materials:

– Ethanol from molasses: commonly 20-30,000 ppm – Cassava Starch: 3,000 ppm

• The maximum limit of H2S:

– Electricity generator:200 ppm. (or lower) – Burner and boiler: 2,000 – 5,000 ppm. – (better none or low, also for emission reasons)

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Biogas Cleaning (2) Hydrogen Sulfide gas (H2S)

• Scrubbing/Sweetening:

H2S gas and dust removal.

• Dryer/Demister:

H2O content removal.

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Biogas Cleaning Techniques

BioGasclean Asia Biological H2S removal

Peter Thygesen, BioGasclean Asia Renewable Energy Asia, Bitec Bangkok, June, 2013

BioGasclean A/S Denmark, Head office BioGasclean Asia Co.,Ltd, Thailand

• Leaders in biological removal of H2S from biogas.
• Have worked on most known substrates and engines.
• Have installations in about 30 countries.
• Have more than 110 installations with an installed

generating capacity of over 280 MW

Basic Value-chain on a Biogas plant

1. Biogas Generation:

• Conversion of

COD to Biogas 2. Gas Treatment: H2S removal Drying Pressure adjustment 3. Energy & Power generation Gas Engine Boiler

Each step is equally important and need to operate with high reliability to create revenue on the plant

Key points in reliable H2S removal

• Proper knowhow in design and dimensioning
• Materials in the right quality for high corrosive

environment.

• Integration of the system on the biogas plant
• Advances Process control
• Safety considerations
• Operation and Maintenance
• After Sales Service

PTU Tan k MUW tanks

Circulating pump Air Blower Effluent Pump Gutter Auto Drain P/V valve Effluent Storage tank

High level Low level

Gas inlet Gas outlet

O2

SO4

2

• MgSO4,

CaSO4 MgSO4, CaSO4

Spray system

• Air injection
• Effluent water adding
• Pre-treatment(MUW)

Bio scrubber principle

BiogasCleaner FRP tank

• Thailand
• Capacity: 700 Nm3/h. 3.000 ppm H2S => 100 ppm
• Cassava WWTP

BiogasCleaner 3 FRP tanks

Denmark, Design Capacity: 3,600m3/h – 3,000ppm

PTU in FRP housing

BiogasCleaner built on-site

• Thailand
• Design Capacity: 1.670 Nm3/h, 30.000 ppm H2S => 100 ppm
• Sugar cane molasses ethanol WWTP

Cost for H2S removal

Example1: 3,000 ppm H2S (Cassava and POME)

• Treatment cost per 1,000 m3 = 70 THB
• Cost per MW electrical produced = 34 THB

Example 2: 20,000 ppm H2S (Molasses based Ethanol)

• Treatment cost per 1,000 m3 = 465 THB
• Cost per MW electrical produced = 225 THB.
• Average Selling price for 1 MW in Thailand = 3,100 THB

Budget conditions: Plant life 15 years; 8,000 h operation/y, Maintenance & QSR cleaning, 3 MW installation with 1,600 m3 /h capacity.

References

No. Country No. Power MW 1 Thailand 35 110 2 Denmark 10 25 3 Malaysia 8 20 4 U.S.A. 8 20 5 Guatemala 4 6 6 India 6 9 7 Indonesia 6 11 8 Canada 5 18 9 Turkey 3 5 10 to 16 Argentina/China/Mexico/Morocco/Pakistan/ Israel/ South Africa (2 INSTALLATIONS EACH) 14 27 17 to 29 Australia/Brazil/Colombia/Cambodia/Finland Italy/Lithuania/Netherland/New Zealand Poland/UK/Vietnam/Laos (1 INSTALLATION EACH) 13 34 TOTAL 112 285

Asia

www.biogasclean.com

Thank You

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Biogas upgrading technology

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Biogas related to industries

Industries Process Basic nutrient for the anaerobic fermentation Methane / CO2 ratio Agriculture sector, breweries,destilleries Mono fermentation Vegetable-based material (corn silage, spent hops, spent grain, etc.) 55% / 45% Cattle farms CO- fermentation Manure (cow, pig, chicken) with vegetable-based material 55% / 45% Compost-processing industry VFG Vegetable-based material 55% / 45% 70% / 30% Potable water companies, water authorities, STP,\ industrial wastewater treatment Systems Water treatment Semi-solid organic residues from water and solids (sludge) 65% / 35%

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Biogas Upgrading

Biogas 55% CH4 45% CO2

Pentair Haffmans upgrade installation

Bio-methane Green CO2

• Membrane and CO2 recovery technology
• In summary 100 % CH4 is turned into bio methane
• No CO2 is wasted  extra source of income

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Biogas Upgrading

Membrane Unit CO2 Recovery

Biomethane (Green Gas)

CO2

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Wastewater Treatment plant – Process Diagram

Biogas Upgrading Installation – Mass Balance

Biogas 250 Nm3/h (55% CH4 – 45% CO2) Bio-methane 153 Nm3/h 1.3 m Nm3/y H2S removal Gaseous CO2

Membrane Unit CO2 Recovery System

Gaseous CO2 (10 CH4 – 90 % CO2) (50% CH4 – 50% CO2) 175 kg/h CO 2 1,600 tons/y CO 2

Biogas Upgrading Installation 250 m3/h Beverwijk

Plant Capacity 250 Nm3 per hour Biogas source Wastewater treatment plant Methane / CO2 Ratio 55 % CH4 / 45 % CO2 Pressure 8 bar Biomethane produced 1,280,000 Nm3 / year CO2 Recovered 1,600 ton / year CO2 used for pH correction of water coming from wastewater treatment plant Methane Loss None Injection into grid According to Dutch Specifications

Biogas Upgrading Installation 450 m3/h Well

Plant Capacity 450 Nm3 per hour Biogas source Vegetable-based material (Compost-processing industry) Methane / CO2 Ratio 55 % CH4 / 45 % CO2 Pressure 8 bar Biomethane produced 2,200,000 Nm3 / year CO2 Recovered 2,520 ton / year CO2 used for Greenhouse / Cooling agent / Dry-ice Methane Loss None Injection into grid According to Dutch Specifications

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Biogas Upgrading Installation 350 m3/h Witteveen

Plant Capacity 350 Nm3 per hour Biogas source Vegetable-based material (corn silage,spent hops, spent grain, etc.) (Mono-Digestion) Methane / CO2 Ratio 55 % CH4 / 45 % CO2 Pressure 8 bar Biomethane produced 1,600,000 Nm3 / year CO2 Recovered 2.240 ton / year Methane Loss None Injection into grid According to Dutch Specifications

Siloxane Removal Systems

Siloxane Removal Systems

• Investment and Finance.
• As all biological processes it seems that

banks and fund managers have endless questions and doubts and ask for guarantees.

• Since feedstock for the plants is readily

available there should be no doubt that today technologies as offered by us are reliable systems, well proven etc. Investment and Financial Concern (4)

Thank You

RETECH ENERGY CO., LTD.

2/22 Iyara Tower 6th and 7 th Floor Chan Road, Soi 2 Kwaeng Thungwatdorn, Khet Sathorn Bangkok 10120 , Thailand Tel . +66-2-678 8921-2 , +66-81-862 6871 Fax . +66-2-678 8920

info@retech-energy.com

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