TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere Tino Pieczonka 1 , Nicolai Holzer 1 , Juliane Peters 1 , Tobias Bolch 1,2 , Manfred F. Buchroithner 1 1 Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Kartographie 2 Universität Zürich, Geographisches Institut
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Introduction Aerial imagery 1984 Corona 1970 We have to know the past in order to understand the presence. Cartosat-1 2007 The cryosphere has changed tremendously during the last decades Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Introduction Elevation difference of all HMA glaciers 2003 – 2009 based on I CESat clear mass loss heterogeneous mass changes clear mass loss c l e a r m a s s l o s s 1973 – 2000 – 2011 Gardner et al. (2013), Science Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Introduction Why optical? Why historical? What means historical? Which kind of changes of the cryosphere can be determined and how? Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Introduction Historical Pertaining to history or past events ... historical images Pertaining to analysis based on a comparison among several periods of development of a phenomenon Historic vs. historical Historic refers to what is important in history ... Historical refers to anything concerned with history or the study of the past ... historic Corona mission -> A car can be considered as historical when it reaches its 30 th vintage anniversary Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Data Historical satellite imagery KH-4 Corona, KH-7 Gambit, KH-9 Hexagon, AVHRR Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Study Region Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Study Region Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Study Region Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Study Region Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Study Region Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Data Data characteristics KH-4 KH-7 KH-9 AVHRR First launch 1959 1963 1971 1978 Geometric. res. 1.8-7.6 m 0.6 – 1.2 m 6-9 m 1.1 km Radiometric res. 8 Bit 8 Bit 8 Bit Spectral res. Panchromatic Panchromatic Panchromatic Multispectral (Red, NIR, MIR, TIR, TIR) Coverage 15 x 210 – ca. 20 x 150 km 250 x 125 km e.g. 42 x 580 km 3000 x 500 km Preprocessing Rectification Rectification Rectification Calibration Georeferencing Georeferencing Georeferencing Classification Rectification Georeferencing Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Camera KH-4 KH-4 Corona Initial objectives: Gathering information about the military strenght of the former Soviet Union Panoramic distortion plus motion Forward (FWD) Sohn et al. (2002) approx. 60% overlap Aft (AFT) Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Multitemporal DTM Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Co-Registration Excursus: Co-Registration Tilts vs. Shifts (+ vertical offset) Indicated by areas with slope angle ≤ Tilt ... 10° -> Trend surface to eliminate spatial trend Indicated by areas on gentle slopes ≥ ≤ Shift ... 10° - 30° -> Iterative process based on an analytical relationship between slope angle, aspect and measured elevation differences (Nuth & Kääb, 2011) SPOT5 – KH-9 SPOT5 – SRTM3 Pieczonka et al. (2013), RSE Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Results KH-4 Everest Region DEM Comparison Cartosat-1 – KH-4B Corona (2007 – 1970) Glacier mass loss: almost 0.6 km³ Glaciers thinning: 0.37± 0.27 m a -1 Specific mass balance: -0.32± 0.08 m w.e.a -1 Bolch et al. (2011), The Cryosphere Pieczonka et al. (2011), ISPRS Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Camera – KH-7 KH-7 Gambit Monocamera system -> random stereoscopic coverage KH-7 vs. KH-4: High resolution 77 inch focal length (cf. 24 inch KH-4) telescopic strip camera system ... large area of coverage and improved ground resolution (< 1 m vs. 8 m) 18 000 panchromatic and 230 color images acquired -> only few of them in stereo Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Results KH-7 Glacier Length Changes (Kailash region) KH-7 Gambit (05/12/1964) vs. mapped glacier out- lines from orthorectified SPOT5 imagery of 06/11/2010 Wiemann et al. (in prep.) Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Results KH-7 KH- 7 196 Lake Level Changes (Kailash region) 4 Ganga Chu at Xiongbacun (Lake Manasarovar / Mapam Yumtso) Google 2013 Langa Tso / Rakas Tal lake level changes: Ortho-KH-7 Gambit-1 imagery of 05/12/1964 (background image) vs. Ortho-SPOT-5 imagery of 06/11/2010 2009 (mapped outlines) Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Camera KH-9 KH-9 Hexagon Camera design of KH-9 comparable to that of LFC (Surazakov and Aizen, 2009) -> 23x46 cm frame, 30.5 cm focal length -> 1058 reseau crosses vs. 45 (LFC), four fiducials vs. 12 (LFC) Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Preprocessing KH-9 KH-9 Hexagon Reconstruction of interior image geometry by use of reseau Bicubic interpolation grid coordinates Basic assumptions: Cross spacing 1 cm, centre cross undistorted Distortion vectors from actual Correction of film distortion based on 2 nd order polynomial to theoretic reseau grid coordinates Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Results KH-9 Length Changes 1976-2005 (Nyainqentanglha/ Tibet) Zhadang: 225 ± 45m (~ 8m/ a) 1987-03-24 1987-07-22 125 ± 45m (~ 4m/ a) 480 ± 45m (~ 17m/ a) 430 ± 45m (~ 15m/ a) Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography Results KH-9 Glacier Volume Change (Tomur Region) Pieczonka et al. (2013), RSE Mass budget 1976-2009 Mass budget 1999-2009 -0.35 ± 0.15 m w.e./ a -0.23 ± 0.19 m w.e./ a 1976 (KH-9) – 2009 (SRTM3) 1999 (SRTM3) – 2009 (SPOT5) Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery for investigations of the cryosphere
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