A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery John - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

a model of visual imagery a model of visual imagery
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery John - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery John Abbondanza, OD, FCOVD John Abbondanza, OD, FCOVD , , , , A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery What shape are


slide-1
SLIDE 1

A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery

John Abbondanza, OD, FCOVD John Abbondanza, OD, FCOVD , , , ,

slide-2
SLIDE 2

A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery

  • What shape are a German Shepard’s

ears?

  • Which is bigger – a tennis ball or a pear?
  • Which is a darker shade of green – a

Christmas tree or a frozen pea? p

slide-3
SLIDE 3

A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery

Can you think of a penny without all of the attributes of a penny? attributes of a penny?

  • size
  • Lincoln’s head
  • shape
  • inscriptions
  • color

color

slide-4
SLIDE 4

A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery

Wh t did d t th ti ?

  • What did you do to answer the question?
slide-5
SLIDE 5

Goals Goals Goals Goals

  • To introduce visualization concepts based

To introduce visualization concepts based

  • n current understanding of neuroscientific

principles principles To introduce therapeutic techniques that

  • To introduce therapeutic techniques that

can be used as part of a vision therapy program program

slide-6
SLIDE 6

A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery

Wh t t lki b t?

  • What are we talking about?

– Visualization – Visual imagery – Imagery

slide-7
SLIDE 7

A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery

W b t ’ D fi iti Webster’s Definitions

  • Visualize

“to form a mental image of Visualize to form a mental image of something not present to the sight an abstraction” sight, an abstraction

  • Image

“a mental picture of something, a conception, idea, impression”

slide-8
SLIDE 8

A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery

  • For the Behavioral Optometrist

Visualization = The ability to create, maintain manipulate and recall visual maintain, manipulate, and recall visual images

slide-9
SLIDE 9

A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery

  • Damasio

Damasio

I f th – Images form the basis of mind

  • Brain creates images

in sensory cortex

slide-10
SLIDE 10

A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery

  • Sensory cortex

is active during g imagery Top down processing

slide-11
SLIDE 11
slide-12
SLIDE 12
slide-13
SLIDE 13
slide-14
SLIDE 14

A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery

  • Images (particularly visual images) provide

Images (particularly visual images) provide a rapid entrance into the emotional system

  • Can be used for arousal or relaxation

– horror movies – meditation

slide-15
SLIDE 15
slide-16
SLIDE 16
slide-17
SLIDE 17
slide-18
SLIDE 18

A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery

  • Arnheim – Visual Thinking

Arnheim Visual Thinking

  • The perception of shape contains the

beginnings of concept formation beginnings of concept formation

  • Imagery as thought “offers the possibility

f d i th i ll t k l t

  • f reducing a theme visually to a skeleton
  • f essential dynamic features”.
slide-19
SLIDE 19

Visual Image Visual Image Where Where Where Where i it? i it? am I? am I? is it? is it? VISION VISION VISION VISION What What is it? is it? What can I What can I tell about tell about is it? is it? tell about tell about it? it?

slide-20
SLIDE 20

A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery

  • Damasio

Damasio Mi d i th bilit t di l i

  • Mind requires the ability to display images

internally and to order those images in a ll d th ht process called thought

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Thought Thought

Where Where I? I? Where Where is it? is it? am I? am I? is it? is it? VISION VISION VISION VISION What What i it? i it? What can I What can I tell about tell about is it? is it? tell about tell about it? it?

slide-22
SLIDE 22

A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery

  • Images are used in reading, spelling, and

in recall

  • Let’s look at the reading process in more

Let s look at the reading process in more detail

slide-23
SLIDE 23

The Reading Process The Reading Process The Reading Process The Reading Process

  • Step 1 - Where is the word on page

Step 1 Where is the word on page (tracking)

  • Step 2 – Both eyes have to point to it

(binocularity)

  • Step 3 – Focus (accommodation)
  • All visual steps – no phonics or reading
slide-24
SLIDE 24

The Reading Process The Reading Process The Reading Process The Reading Process

  • Step 4 – Interpret what is on the page

p p p g

– decoding (what is the word) decoding (what is the word) – semantics (what does it mean) Do good readers typically use much phonics when reading? when reading?

slide-25
SLIDE 25

The Reading Process The Reading Process The Reading Process The Reading Process

  • Phonics is too slow

Phonics is too slow

  • What are good readers doing?

– recognizing the words based on their look – that look is the image of the word – as if we have an icon in our head

slide-26
SLIDE 26

The Reading Process The Reading Process The Reading Process The Reading Process

  • Spelling is the flip side of the coin

Spelling is the flip side of the coin

H d ll ? – How do you spell ….. ? ? – What did you do to answer the question?

slide-27
SLIDE 27

The Reading Process The Reading Process The Reading Process The Reading Process

R di i l iti

  • Reading

– visual recognition

  • visual imagery
  • Spelling
  • visual recall

Spelling visual recall

slide-28
SLIDE 28

The Reading Process The Reading Process The Reading Process The Reading Process

  • So what happens to the child who has

difficulty with binocular, accommodative, and oculomotor dysfunction, and has difficulty creating, maintaining, manipulating and recalling visual images?

slide-29
SLIDE 29

An Optometric Approach An Optometric Approach to Reading Problems to Reading Problems

E l t l t d ti –Evaluate oculomotor, accommodative, and binocular skills –Rx appropriate lens – especially low plus for near, even if VA 20/20 –Vision therapy for oculomotor, accommodative, binocular dysfunction y and to develop visual imagery

slide-30
SLIDE 30

Visualization in Vision Therapy Visualization in Vision Therapy Visualization in Vision Therapy Visualization in Vision Therapy

P ti t b t ht t t i t i

  • Patients can be taught to create, maintain,

manipulate, and recall visual images

  • Elliot Forrest – Visual Imagery
  • Concrete – less concrete – abstract
slide-31
SLIDE 31

Developing Visual Imagery Developing Visual Imagery

t thi i t f ith i

  • two things interfere with imagery
  • verbalization (subvocalization)

verbalization (subvocalization)

  • stress
  • Must control verbalization and reduce

stress stress

slide-32
SLIDE 32

Visualization Techniques Visualization Techniques Visualization Techniques Visualization Techniques

– Visualize themselves – Object Visualization – Pterodactyl Game (Steve Ingersoll) y ( g ) – Math Facts Visualization – Spelling visualization – Reading Visualization – Writing/study skills – Resistant imagers – Relaxation

slide-33
SLIDE 33

Visualization for Planning Action Visualization for Planning Action Visualization for Planning Action Visualization for Planning Action

  • Colin – impulsive 7 yr old (Dx ADHD)

Colin impulsive 7 yr old (Dx ADHD)

– difficulty with memory problems organizing – problems organizing What to do? – What to do?

  • STOP!! - make a picture in your head
  • See yourself doing each component (make a
  • See yourself doing each component (make a

movie in your head)

slide-34
SLIDE 34

Relaxation Technique Relaxation Technique Relaxation Technique Relaxation Technique

  • Sit in a quiet, comfortable place in low

lighting and close your eyes

  • Picture a beautiful, quiet, peaceful beach
  • Slow, deep breath in through your nose

Slow, deep breath in through your nose and out slowly through pursed lips

  • No one else around you
  • No one else around you
slide-35
SLIDE 35

Relaxation Technique Relaxation Technique Relaxation Technique Relaxation Technique

  • Safe and comfortable place
  • See the crisp, clean water
  • See the sun up in the cloudless sky
  • Imagine yourself lying on a beach
  • Imagine yourself lying on a beach
  • Feel the warmth of the sun on your skin
  • Slow, deep breath in and out
slide-36
SLIDE 36

A Model of Visual Imagery A Model of Visual Imagery -

  • Summary

Summary

– Visual imagery is a brain process that uses Visual imagery is a brain process that uses the visual input system to create top down images, which in turn can be manipulated to think, plan, and remember. – The manipulation of those images is thought – Imagery can be developed and used as part

  • f a comprehensive vision therapy program

– Important to control stress and verbalization

slide-37
SLIDE 37

References References References References

  • Webster's New World College Dictionary

Webster s New World College Dictionary, Fourth edition - 2001

  • Damasio A

(1994) Descartes' Error

  • Damasio A. (1994) Descartes Error -

Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain, New York: Penguin Books New York: Penguin Books

  • Kandel E, Schwartz J, and Jessell T.

(2000) P i i l f N i (2000) Principles of Neuroscience. McGraw-Hill.

slide-38
SLIDE 38

References References References References

  • Kosslyn S and Koenig O

(1995) Wet Kosslyn, S and Koenig, O. (1995) Wet Mind: The New Cognitive Neuroscience. New York Simon and Schuster New York, Simon and Schuster.

  • Forrest E. (1981) Visual Imagery: An

Optometric Approach Duncan OK: OEP Optometric Approach, Duncan, OK: OEP Foundation.

slide-39
SLIDE 39

drjohn@greatvisioncare.com drjohn@greatvisioncare.com drJohnAbbo@charter.net drJohnAbbo@charter.net Vision Care Specialists Vision Care Specialists Southboro MA Southboro MA Southboro, MA Southboro, MA (508)481 (508)481-

  • 8558

8558