The Research Project to Prevent and Rehabilitate Shallow Landslide in Steep Slope Areas : Case Study at Ban Na Tum Village, Tha U – Thae Sub-district, Kanchanadit District, Surat Thani Province, Thailand Presented by Dr.Songkiert Tansamrit Secretary General, Sustainable Energy Foundation The Sixth International Conference on Vetiver (ICV 6) 6 – 12 May 2015, Danang, Vietnam 1
Agenda • Rationale and Objective • Study Area and Stakeholder • Community Involvement • Demonstration Area for Applying Vetiver System • Vetiver System • Result of the Completed Work • Evaluation • Discussion and Conclusion 2
Rationale Climate change has exerted significant influence on weather patterns resulting in season shift, heavy rainfall, severe flash floods, etc. leading to mudslides or landslips, which wreak havoc and devastation. Climate change is projected to intensify its severity and frequency. Deforestation and forest encroachment for agricultural purposes have extended to slope areas, another contributing factor to landslides. Local roads constructed on mountain and hill sides affect the stability and integrity of slope surface and ultimately cause imbalance, thereby instigating greater extent of mud and land slides, especially during heavy rainfall. 3
Objectives State agencies are trained to provide relief and assistance during natural disasters. But all too often, the impact of a natural disaster is felt far and wide and affects several areas simultaneously; rendering emergency services is thus ineffective. It is vital that communities themselves possess the self-reliant ability, knowledge and understanding of the factors contributing to landslides and mudslides. The Sustainable Energy Foundation intends to provide communities with a set of knowledge and technical skills of the Vetiver System, whilst connecting the community local wisdom with scientific knowledge. 4
Agenda • Rationale and Objective • Study Area and Stakeholder • Community Involvement • Demonstration Area for Applying Vetiver System • Vetiver System • Result of the Completed Work • Evaluation • Discussion and Conclusion 5
Study Area Ban Na Tum Village’s area • possesses 23 sq.km. of drainage basin and watershed areas, which is not too wide. Many types of mudslides • and landslides are found there. There is a road that runs • along the mountain slopes Villagers conduct • agricultural works on slope areas. The Foundation then decided to select the Ban Na Tum Village as the ideal venue to conduct a case study. 6
Stakeholders The stakeholders in the study area consist of several groups : Local NGO bears significant intellectual influence on the community and is most accepted and well respected by the community. The NGO group was prioritized to take part in community involvement process . 7
Agenda • Rationale and Objective • Study Area and Stakeholder • Community Involvement • Demonstration Area for Applying Vetiver System • Vetiver System • Result of the Completed Work • Evaluation • Discussion and Conclusion 8
Community Involvement : 1. Informing and Consulting 2. Involvement 3. Collaboration and Empowerment The community involvement with a sense ownership to learn how to implement the knowledge set is an important factor in ensuring success for community learning and self-reliance. The Foundation has initiated the community involvement in 3 steps as follows: 1. Informing and Consulting Thirteen (13) joint-meetings among the Foundation, the NGO and community representatives were conducted. The NGO proposed that the knowledge and skill sets to be provided to the community must produce tangible results and direct benefit to the community. One of the greatest needs of the community is a clear and definite demarcation of the existing agricultural lands. Six (6) discussion meetings were organized between community leaders and members who have both residential and agricultural lands in the area. They were interested to learn of the Vetiver System as a bio-engineering application, plastic flapped sacks, vetiver grass and vegetation method to prevent future shallow landslide. The community raised an additional proposal to study changes and how to rehabilitate forest areas and the eco-system after a landslide. Remark : - The Ban Na Tum villagers established their community within the Sikiet Waterfall National Park area in 1981. - The Sikiet Waterfall became a National Park in 1999 9
Community Involvement : 1. Informing and Consulting 2. Involvement 3. Collaboration and Empowerment The Foundation formulated the meeting results from Informing and Consulting step into 3 plans with a person designated to be in charge of each plan. Plan 1 The study of community context and ecosystem restoration after a landslide, Mr. Nakarin Asawai - Green Globe Institute Plan 2 The survey and map creation to demarcate and identify landholdings and land usage within Sikiet Waterfall Natural Park, Mr. Pongsa Chu-nam – Green Globe Institute Plan 3 The use of plastic flapped sacks, vetiver grass and vegetation method to prevent and rehabilitate shallow landslide problems, Mr. Pitipong Kitkarnmoe – Community leader and a member of the Subdistrict Administrative Organization All three plans are under the project titled: “The Research Project to Prevent and Rehabilitate Shallow Landslide in Steep Slope Areas: The Case Study at Ban Na Tum Village, Tha U-thae Subdistrict, Kanchanadit District, Surat Thani Province.” 10
Community Involvement : 1. Informing and Consulting 2. Involvement 3. Collaboration and Empowerment 2) Involvement The Foundation created a curriculum and training documents on soil erosion and landslide knowledge. The content of the curriculum consists of 1) The world and utilization of natural resources, 2) Geology and the earth environment 3) Wind, air and climate phenomenon 4) Roles and effect of vetiver grass / vegetation on soil erosion and landslides 5) Plant Root system, 6) Factors and types of erosions and landslides, 7) Situation monitoring and evacuations, 8) Soil properties, 9) Rubber trees as companion crop 10) Community Radio. Tests of the curriculum sets were performed with 2 groups : (1) 26 teachers from the Thamvitaya Foundation School, the Satri Islam School of Yala Province and the Green Globe southern network, from 7 th to 9 th June 2013. (2) 37 teachers from 10 schools of the 3 southern provinces also performed tests of the curriculum sets from 1 st and 2 nd of November 2013. And then launched the training program to 38 community members and leaders. 11
Community Involvement : 1. Informing and Consulting 2. Involvement 3. Collaboration and Empowerment Next, the foundation invited community members to visit the actual fieldwork along the Thai-Myanmar gas pipeline. The field study trip allowed the community to witness real-life work and implementation; they were able to ask questions from experts before they carry out actual work at Ban Na Tum village. The Foundation combined local wisdom with scientific knowledge for the community to clearly see the connection between science and their way of life. The Foundation donated a fund to the Kasetsart University and Prof.Dr.Apiniti Chotisankat to set up a 7 x 10 meters demonstration plot to show how to use fabric to cover the soil and cultivation of vetiver grass and livestock. A camera was installed to observe root growth and a KU-Tensiometer to measure underground water pressure. The community was able to learn and join the actual practical work with a researcher team from the University. 12
Community Involvement : 1. Informing and Consulting 2. Involvement 3. Collaboration and Empowerment The Ban Na Tum village community leader related his observations that the top slope of the road embankment displayed signs of soil surface sinking in a long narrow line. On the toe of slope was water seepage out of the lower part of the road embankment The Foundation recorded the community’s observations and had them proven scientifically by inviting Asst.Prof. Diesel Suanburi of Kasetsart University to apply the Resistivity equipment to measure electricity currents to analyze the underground structural integrity. The tests discovered that a fault line has formed in the same area as the sinking long narrow line. The water saturated soil was found in the underground areas beneath a road and then condensed into water and flowed out at the toe of slope by the earth’s gravitational pull. 13
Community Involvement : 1. Informing and Consulting 2. Involvement 3. Collaboration and Empowerment The community was involved in the study to learn how to measure plant roots, using theory to analyze the ability of Root Anchoring and Root Binding from Assistant Professor Dr.Somsak Sukwong. The community was able to measure and calculate the roots and classify soil holding capability of plants roots. This knowledge will be applied to the vegetation method. On this Involvement step clearly illustrates the Foundation’s ability to link the community’s local wisdom with science. 14
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