Small Scale Fisheries and Food Security Importance of fish in food - - PDF document

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Small Scale Fisheries and Food Security Importance of fish in food - - PDF document

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27/05/2014 Small Scale Fisheries and Food Security United Nations Open ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and Law of the Sea Fifteenth Meeting: The Role of Seafood in Global Food Security May 27 30, 2014 New York, USA Brian

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Small Scale Fisheries and Food Security

United Nations Open‐ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and Law of the Sea Fifteenth Meeting: “The Role of Seafood in Global Food Security” May 27‐30, 2014 New York, USA

Brian Crawford, Ph.D. Interim Director Coastal Resources Center, Graduate School of Oceanography Adjunct Faculty, Department of Marine Affairs University of Rhode Island Email: brian@crc.uri.edu

Small Scale Fisheries and Food Security

  • Importance of fish in food security
  • Small pelagics and food security
  • Challenges to sustaining fish food supply
  • The way forward
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Source: http://www.fishingfuture.org/ Briefing paper 6

Child Stunting Animal Source Food Consumption

Fish is an Important Source of Animal Protein Especially in Countries with High Food Insecurity

Nutritional Value of Small Pelagic Fishes

Table 1. The nutrient content of fish and other foods (per 100g)* Fat Group Scientific name

/common name (local name/common name) Protein (g)

Total lipid (fat; g) Total saturated fat (g) Total PUFA (g) EPA (g) DHA (g) Ca (mg) Fe (mg) Zn (mg) Vitamin A (RAE) † RAE, retinol activity equivalents. Bold indicates high content values Marine fish Anchovy 20.35 4.84 1.28 1.637 0.538 0.911 147 3.25 1.72 15 Herring 16.39 9.04 2.04 2.423 0.969 0.689 83 1.12 0.99 32 Mackerel 18.60 13.89 3.26 3.350 0.898 1.401 12 1.63 0.63 50 Milkfish 20.53 6.73 1.67 1.840 51 0.32 0.82 30 Sardine 24.60 11.45 1.53 5.148 0.470 0.509 382 2.92 1.31 33 Other animal‐ sourced foods Beef ground 14.30 30.00 11.29 0.696 24 1.64 3.57 Chicken breast 14.70 15.75 3.26 3.340 19 1.11 0.78

Adapted from: Kawarazuka and Béné, 2011. Public health nutrition, 14(11), 1927‐1938.

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Small Scale Fisheries and Small Pelagic Fish

Global small pelagic landings in 2012

  • 17,252,763 MT (> 25% marine landings)

Ghana

  • Canoe fleet is 92 % of direct employment
  • Percent of total landings: 2007 – 73% 2012 ‐ 28%

SOURCE: FAO Fisheries Statistics SOURCE: 3rd National Fisheries Dialogue WorldFish USAID‐URI ICFG. 2013

Challenges in Sustaining Wild Caught Fish Food Supply

  • Overfishing and overcapacity
  • Subsidies
  • Poor governance
  • IUU fishing
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Recovery is Possible Senegal says its fishing resources are being pillaged

Senegal seizes Russian vessel Oleg Naydenov for illegal fishing SOURCE: BBC News Africa: 6 January 2014

IUU fishing in 2011

  • Approximately 350,000 MT
  • Value of catch: US$ 292 million

SOURCE: UBC‐URI Tech Report 2013 USAID COMFISH Project

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Diapa Diop Under‐Secretary for Traditional Fishing Senegal Guardian Weekly, 18 February 2014

“We must … review the permits granted to

  • factories. If our people no longer have

enough to eat, we must stop exporting.”

Food for Local Consumption or for Export?

“Invisible” Fisheries Empowering Women

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Resource Management

Exclusive use zones

Seasonal closures Size limits Mangrove protection

“THEREFORE, I HEREBY

  • Declare the area congruent with the

Tanbi National Park as a Special Management Area for the purposes

  • f fisheries management.
  • Designate The TRY Association as

having exclusive use rights to the

cockle and oyster fishery in this area.

  • Delegate authority for the

responsible and sustained management and conservation of the cockle and oyster resources in this area to The TRY Association.”

Signed: Minister of Fisheries, Water Resources and National Assembly Matters

Lifting women out of poverty: a whole systems approach

  • Association strengthening
  • Literacy training
  • Savings and micro‐credit
  • Product value added
  • Water and sanitation
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The Way Forward

  • Focus mgt on low‐cost, high‐nutrition small pelagics
  • Empower fishers via ecosystem‐scaled co‐mgt & use rights
  • Improve value/supply chains for local fish products
  • Reduce IUU fishing
  • Transform subsidies to positive incentives/investments

National governments need to carefully consider policy instruments and other safeguards that ensure adequate low‐cost and sustainable fish food supplies are maintained for local populations rather than export