Sinnar Taluka Overview and preparation for field trip Pooja Prasad - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Sinnar Taluka Overview and preparation for field trip Pooja Prasad - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Sinnar Taluka Overview and preparation for field trip Pooja Prasad (Ph D scholar) 22/8/2017 1 Topics Overview of Sinnar taluka Geo-morphology, cropping patterns Diversion based irrigation (DBI) system on Devnadi Konambe dam

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Sinnar Taluka Overview

and preparation for field trip

Pooja Prasad (Ph D scholar) 22/8/2017

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Topics

  • Overview of Sinnar taluka

– Geo-morphology, cropping patterns

  • Diversion based irrigation (DBI) system on

Devnadi

  • Konambe dam salient features
  • Field trip plan

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Sinnar Taluka Overview

  • Nashik district: large vegetable producing district
  • Sinnar Water situation

– Rainshadow region of the western ghats – Largely dry and drought prone with drinking water scarcity – Highest groundwater exploited taluka in Nashik district

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Sinnar Taluka - Rainfall

  • Taluka average

annual rainfall 616 mm

  • Steady decline in

past 10 years (382mm,

122% received so far in 2017 monsoon)

  • High regional

differences from west to east

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Slope map

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Streams and watersheds

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Devnadi Jam nadi Mahalunge Godavari

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GW development and drinking water scarcity

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Sinnar – Soil texture map

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Sinnar block cropping pattern

  • Significant area under

foodgrains (45%) and oilseeds (16%)

  • Increasing vegetable

cultivation (from 13% of cultivable land in 2008-09 to 18% as of 2014)

  • Kharif crops: bajra, soyabean,
  • nions, vegetables, maize,

peanuts (also tur, cotton sowing)

  • Rabi crops: wheat, harbhara,
  • nions, vegetables

9 Crop type Hectares under cultivation (2014-15) % of cultivable land Kharif pulses 1,182 1% Kharif cereal 30,617 31% Kharif onion 4,558 5% Rabi cereal 8,330 8% Rabi harbhara 4,650 5% Rabi onion 5,607 6% Sugarcane 532 1% Cotton 1,583 2% Oilseeds 15,990 16% Other Vegetables 7,084 7% Fruits 4,906 5% Gross sown area 85,038 87% Total Cultivable land 98,226 100%

Source: Sinnar block Agriculture dept

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Kharif dominant crop

Kharif crop with largest share of net cultivable land

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Rabi Dominant Crop

Rabi crop with largest share of cultivable land (minimum cut-off 10% share)

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Three year crop-water requirement

  • Spatial imbalances in demand and supply
  • Importance of irrigation systems

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Year Cultivable area (Ha) Orchards and sugarcane area (Ha) Kharif cropped area ha Rabi cropped area ha Sugarcan e, fruits TCM Kharif CWR TCM Rabi CWR TCM Total crop water requirement (TCM) Total rain TCM Crop water requirement as fraction of rainfall 2014-15 98,226 5,438 61,823 18,587 70,573 246,807 86,803 404,182 523,679 0.77 2015-16 98,226 4,906 58,443 22,449 58,872 236,040 102,482 397,393 552,444 0.72 2016-17 98,226 5,378 66,692 29,224 69,256 303,501 136,079 508,836 882,784 0.58

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2015-16 Net water balance in mm (based on cultivable area)

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Sinnar Taluka – Changing trends

  • Changing trends in cropping pattern

– Shift towards cash crops including horticulture

  • per acre more crop/more cash, greater market dependence

– Move towards higher water infrastructure for assured access

  • High well density, horizontal bores, farm ponds, increasing

distance from water source to farm (multi-stage pumping)

  • drip irrigation, sprinklers
  • Rising cost of per unit water => more incentive for cash

crops

  • What is the impact of this on low-irrigation farmers? Do the overall

gains offset the losses in the region?

  • Promotion of horticulture: is it sustainable? Can it be done sustainably?
  • Allocation of irrigation water : how do we ensure Per drop more crop

across the region?

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Diversion based irrigation on Devnadi

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Working of DBI

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Source: Anish Holla MTP Direct command area

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DBI

  • Key design consideration:

– Slope determines the extent of command area – Canal opening designed based on flowrate required to meet irrigation needs of command area assumes a cropping pattern

  • Low cost irrigation system but offers few controls
  • Beneficiaries

– Direct irrigation through chari – Indirect benefit from groundwater recharge in wells

  • Kharif dry-spell protection and increase in soil moisture for

Rabi

  • Cost-benefit analysis

– How is command area cropping pattern different from non- command? effect of river or DBI? – Are yields different? Effect of soil type or DBI? – Impact on drinking water? Water scarce zones?

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Konambe dam on Devnadi

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Konambe dam - Salient features

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Sinnar taluka: Challenges and way forward

  • Ensure drinking water security
  • Ensure access to protective irrigation during

Kharif dry spell

  • Improve allocation of irrigation water to

increase area under Rabi crop

  • Promote appropriate cropping pattern to

improve farm income while meeting water budget constraints

  • Promote non-farm livelihoods

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Field Trip Plan

  • Visit Konambe dam
  • Visit Yuva Mitra

– Interaction with founder, Mr. Sunil Pote and his team – Interaction with the MLA

  • Village visit

– Understand DBI structure, canal operation, – Farmer surveys in command area

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Structural decomposition

() August 27, 2017 3 / 30

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Domain Decomposition-By surface flows

p1 p2 p3 p5 p4 surface water A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 salinity ingress water table q W(q) W(p2)

The watershed W (x) of a point x is W (x) = {all points y from where surface water flows to x}. For any two points x, y either W (x) ⊆ W (y) or W (x) ∩ W (y) is a thin set. Decomposition of Domain into disjoint union of watersheds.

() August 27, 2017 4 / 30

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The Watershed

source:albanywater.org

() August 27, 2017 5 / 30

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Thane Watersheds

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Ridgelines, flowlines, drainlines

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How does water flow on a slope?

flow of water surface normal iso−height gravity water drop

Elevation e(x, y), then flow direction is ∇e = (− ∂e

∂x , − ∂e ∂y ) and

normal is [− ∂e

∂x , − ∂e ∂y , 1]. Direction of steepest descent.

Enough to check when e(x, y) = ax + by + c

() August 27, 2017 8 / 30

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The Siddhagad Area

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Its Contour Map

() August 27, 2017 10 / 30

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Contours and contour-flows

100 95 gentle plain ridge slope valley narrow convergence divergence 90 85

() August 27, 2017 11 / 30

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A sample Topo-sheet

Gudwanwadi reservoir.

() August 27, 2017 12 / 30

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A close-up

Notice (i) the point data which is used to build the curves, and (ii) the drainage lines.

() August 27, 2017 13 / 30

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Decomposition

watershed(p)=all points from where water flows to p. Either watershed(p) is disjoint with watershed (q) Or watershed(p) ⊆ watershed (q) This may be used to decompose a terrain into disjoint watersheds of appropriate sizes.

p1 p2 W1 W2 W3 W3 W3 p3 W3 ridges p4 W4

() August 16, 2015 12 / 24