Recent Progress in Recent Progress in Photonic Crystal Devices - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Recent Progress in Recent Progress in Photonic Crystal Devices Photonic Crystal Devices Toshihiko Baba Toshihiko Baba baba@ynu.ac.jp Yokohama National University Yokohama National University http://www.dnj.ynu.ac.jp/baba-lab/babalabe.htm
http://www.dnj.ynu.ac.jp/baba-lab/babalabe.htm
http://www.jst.go.jp/kisoken/crest/
Lens and prism effects
Application to compact demultiplexer
Dispersion-compensated slowlight Zero-dispersion slowlight RT CW lasing in ultrasmall nanocavity Purcell effect and thresholdless behavior Active and passive integration Application to refractive index sensing
Projected Wave Vector k||
A thin membrane with airholes Easily fabricated into SOI, III-V with < 5nm roughness Light is confined by TIR and PBG effect occurs in the plane Widely applied for lasers, waveguides, dense photonic integration, etc.
X J
J
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 2r/a 0.572 TE-like Pol. t/a 0.762 n 3.5 PBG Light Cone t 2r
Lens and prism effects
Application to compact demultiplexer
Dispersion-compensated slowlight Zero-dispersion slowlight RT CW lasing in ultrasmall nanocavity Purcell effect and thresholdless behavior Active and passive integration Application to refractive index sensing
World s smallest Vm n evaluated
anolaser consisting of only two point shift
RT CW lasing first achieved in nanolaser
abricated by CP de et al JJAP 45 L
ffective Pump Power P
eff
W ntensity Linear a u RT CW ntensity d div Wavelength m d P
eff
W W
Time ns Wafer PC w o cavity Point-shift nanocavity mode RT Pirr Pth
m
rate enhanced by factor x enhancement expected for various materials including i etc Thresholdless lasing expected
r n Vm
Cavity linewidth
homog broadening RT
aba et al APL 85
Watanabe and aba EL 42 OE 16
PC laser and waveguide integrated by butt oint C D regrowth process ηd estimated for total output
nm
nm Passive Active PC lab Air Clad Air Clad Detected utput Power mW ffective Pump Power Peff mW η
d
ntensity d div λ µm Peff mW RT Pulsed mW
μm
Coupling of laser and waveguide enhanced by optimi ing distance and direction
Passive Laser W Active
ηdiff Pth W RT Pulsed a u
W Detected Power by iber W
ntensity d div Wavelength μm λpump λlaser
RT CW
λlaser λpump
Passive Passive Active Active
fficient selective excitation of nanocavity Applicable to wavelength converter bistable device etc
2
ntensity Linear a u rradiated Power Pirr mW Pump Wavelength μm ntensity d div Pirr mW λpump λlase Wavelength
Potential detection limit of
pectral W pm Resolition limit ensitivity of nm R
Wavelength nm
nenv nvironmental ndex nenv Lasing Wavelength m
pm
ax ensitivity nm R
P Cutoff m Wavelength m Air n ethanol n Air-Dissolved ethanol thanol n PA n ntensity d div Air n Air-Dissolved ethanol PA n m w o P w P
Large ndex sensitivity of nm Δn ita et al TuC P- pectrometer-less sensing from P using laser array and P
Array Laser m m λ λ λ λ
Lens and prism effects
Application to compact demultiplexer
Dispersion-compensated slowlight Zero-dispersion slowlight RT CW lasing in ultrasmall nanocavity Purcell effect and thresholdless behavior Active and passive integration Application to refractive index sensing
i Air i Channel
Lossless guided mode exhibiting slow light at bandedge with narrow bandwidth and large D
after aba et al EL 5
asy fabrication on wafer etc
m Photonic andedge Wavelength m roup ndex ng Transmission d div rom -P resonance rom modulation phase shift
L LD Low elocity Low Dispersion
(Mori and Baba, Opt. Express 13, 9398 (2005))
k
0.4 0.5 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 Wave Number k [2/a] Normalized Frequency a/2c 0.25a
awasa i
Wavelength μm Wavelength μm ng ng π μm
dd
ng 55, Δλ nm
μm L μm ranch nput W utput W Confluence Coupled Waveguide μm
Delay Time Δ ps Delay Time Δ ps Wavelength λ μm ntensity a u roup ndex ng
iber Laser D A iber Lensed correlator Auto- PCCW Δ echanical D A
ps
L LD Low elocity Low Dispersion
a ai aba et al EEE LEO
Ann Th -
[2π/ ω /2π /2 traight and lab
Air Light Cone μm
ubo
ω /2π ω /2π ω /2π Transmission d div ng π Calc Calc
Conversion Dispersion fs ps ns μs ms T Conversi Dispersi Atomic Photonic PC Cavity
TT yoto
PC-W PC-W
TT
PC-W
yoto
Target of This tudy
rillouin Raman Bandwidth Δ Delay Δ Target for P Router D P b i t m b i t b i t b i t b i t
Lens and prism effects
Application to compact demultiplexer
Dispersion-compensated slowlight Zero-dispersion slowlight RT CW lasing in ultrasmall nanocavity Purcell effect and thresholdless behavior Active and passive integration Application to refractive index sensing
(after Kosaka et al., PRB 58, 10096 (1998))
0.6 0.56 0.64 0.82 0.8 0.74 0.76 0.72 0.7 0.7 0.72 0.74
1 2 3 4 5 6
0.1 0.2 0.55 0.54 0.53
Isotropic Propagation Super prism Super lens Slow light Super- Collimation
87% 100% 20
20
(Baba et al., Opt. Express 12 (2004) 4608)
100% ??%
0.287 0.293 0.299 0.275 0.281 a/ =
atsumoto et al APL 1
μm Deflection Angle θ Wavelength λ μm Plot xperiment Line DTD μ m μ m μ m μm PC i lab nput W λ μm PC i lab θ μm
15 10 5 L [m] 3 2 1 Position [m] Intensity [a.u.]
1
10 2.0 m
(Matsumoto, et al. OL 31, 2776 (2006)) 0.5 μm = 1.305 μm
Intensity [a.u.]
Compact total system due to very short focal length Real image formation by flat lens (virtual image by curved lens) Applications to compact parallel optical coupler, demultiplexer, image system, etc.
Dispersion Surface Refractive Lens Super- Lens
S S a/ = 0.295 kin
Parallel optical coupler
atsumoto et al EL W
Compact demultiplexer
atsumoto et al OE 1
Position m ntensity a u
PC m m
llustration xperimental P
in PC superlens PC superprism
utput ntensity a u Wavelength μm μm
PC uperlens utput Waveguide nput Waveguide PC uperprism λ nm
atsumoto et al APL 1
Lens and prism effects
Application to compact demultiplexer
Dispersion-compensated slowlight Zero-dispersion slowlight RT CW lasing in ultrasmall nanocavity Purcell effect and thresholdless behavior Active and passive integration Application to refractive index sensing