Re se ar c h and applic ations of nanomate r ials in Cultur al - PDF document

01/02/2017 Re se ar c h and applic ations of nanomate r ials in Cultur al He r itage SIL VE ST RO ANT ONIO RUF F OL O UNI VE RSIT À DE L L A CAL ABRI A Unive rsity o f Ca la b ria -Co se nza - 1

01/02/2017 Unive rsity o f Ca la b ria Ca mpus  14 De pa rtme nts  34500 Stude nts  836 Pro fe sso rs & Re se a rc he rs  200 he c ta re s o f surfa c e  3000 sle e ping a c c o mmo da tio ns  Ca nte e ns: 3500 me a ls e a c h da y  2 the a tre s Unive rsity o f Ca la b ria Ca mpus 2

01/02/2017 Re se a rc h g ro up o n Sc ie nc e a pplie d to Cultura l He rita g e  Gino M. Crisc i (F ull pro fe sso r)  Do na te lla Ba rc a (Asso c ia te pro fe sso r)  Ma uro F . L a Russa (Re se a rc he r)  Do me nic o Mirie llo (Re se a rc he r)  Silve stro A. Ruffo lo (Re se a rc h fe llo w)  Mic he la Ric c a (Re se a rc h fe llo w)  Na talia Ro ve lla (Co ntra c to r)  Ra ffa e lla De L uc a (Co ntra c to r)  Va le ria Co mite (Co ntra c to r) T o pic s o f o ur re se a rc h (sto ne ma te ria ls) Sc ie ntific Suppo rt Sc ie ntific Suppo rt Arc he o me tric Arc he o me tric to Re sto ra tio n to Re sto ra tio n Ana lysis Ana lysis a nd Co nse rva tio n a nd Co nse rva tio n K no wle dg e De g ra da tio n o f ma te ria ls Pro ve na nc e Co nse rva tio n a na lysis stra te g ie s 3

01/02/2017 Ove rvie w o f the le c ture  Wha t is na no te c hno lo g y  Why we sho uld a pply na no te c hno lo g y to re sto ra tio n o f Cultura l He rita g e  Sta te o f a rt o f re se a rc h  Co nso lida tio n with na no pa rtic le s  Pro te c tio n with na no pa rtic le s https:/ / ka ho o t.it 4

01/02/2017 Wha t is Na no te c hno lo g y T he study o f the c o ntro lling o f ma tte r o n a n a to mic a nd mo le c ula r sc a le . Ge ne ra lly na no te c hno lo g y de a ls with struc ture s size d b e twe e n 1 to 100 na no me tre s in a t le a st o ne dime nsio n, a nd invo lve s de ve lo ping o r mo difying ma te ria ls o r de vic e s within tha t size . A Huma n Ha ir is a b o ut 100 µm wide So urc e : http:/ / sinte fi.b lo g spo t.it/ 2013/ 05/ na no fib ra .html 5

01/02/2017 Applic a tio ns o f na no te c hno lo g y Infor ma tion T e c hnolog y R e stor a tion of Me c ha nic a l Cultur a l E ngine e r ing He r ita g e Adva nc e Ma te r ia ls & Biote c hnology T e xtile s Nanote c hnology E ne r g y & T r a nspor ta tion E nvir onme nt National Ae r ospa c e Se c ur ity & De fe nse Me dic ine / F ood a nd He a lth Agr ic ultur e Applic ations of nanote c hnology in Cultur al He r itage Why we sho uld use na no pa rtic le s in re sto ra tio n? E xa mple : fo r c o nso lida tio n o f sto ne ma te ria ls, the re is the ne e d o f sma ll pa rtic le s in o rde r to a c hie ve a de e pe r pe ne tra tio n 6

01/02/2017 L ime wa te r a nd milk o f lime Ca (OH) 2 + CO 2  CaCO 3 + H 2 O Solubility of Ca (OH) 2 = 1.7 g/ l (0.17% ) A satur e d solution of Ca (OH) 2 is c alle d lime wate r L ime wa te r a nd milk o f lime If I add mor e lime I will obtain a milky suspe nsion c alle d milk of lime T he main pr oble m is r e late d the dime nsion of the par tic le s (sc ar c e pe ne tr ation) 7

01/02/2017 na no lime Ba g lio ni & Gio rg i 2006 Na no silic a SiO 2 SiO 2 30 nm Unb o nb e d pa rtic le s 8

01/02/2017 Re a c tive Na no silic a SiO 2 SiO 2 30 nm b o nb e d pa rtic le s Na no silic a a s c o nso lida nt fo r sto ne Str Str e nghts e nghts We akne sse s We akne sse s - Wa te r b a se d - Wa te r b a se d - Pe ne tra tio n de pht - Pe ne tra tio n de pht - L - L e ss se nsitive to e ss se nsitive to mic ro c lima tic c o nditio ns mic ro c lima tic c o nditio ns - Quic k c uring - Quic k c uring SWOT SWOT T T hr hr e ats e ats - F - F lo c c ula tio n with lo c c ula tio n with Oppor Oppor tunitie s tunitie s sa lts sa lts - Use a s b inde r fo r - Use a s b inde r fo r mo rta rs mo rta rs - Be st pra c tic e - Be st pra c tic e issue s issue s 9

01/02/2017 T e sting na no silic a Cappadoc ia 10

01/02/2017 T e sting na no silic a Na no te c hno lo g y a nd Cultura l He rita g e A surve y in SCOPUS da ta b a se 200000 Nanopar tic le s 180000 Gr aphe ne 160000 Cultur al He r itage 140000 s Pape r 120000 T itanium dioxide 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 11

01/02/2017 Na no te c hno lo g y a nd Cultura l He rita g e A surve y in SCOPUS da ta b a se 80000 Nanopar tic le s 70000 Gr aphe ne 60000 Cultur al He r itage s Pape r 50000 T itanium dioxide 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Pa pe rs b y c o untry: Nanote c hnology 12

01/02/2017 Pa pe rs b y c o untry: Cultur al He r itage Que ry: Nanote c hnology + Cultural He ritage 350 Cultur al He r itage + Nanopar tic le s 300 250 s Pape r 200 150 100 50 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 T o ta l numb e r o f pa pe rs (1996-2016): 1942 Ra tio (Na no te c hno lo g y + Cultura l He rita g e )/ Cultura l He rita g e : 1.5% 13

01/02/2017 Que ry: Nanote c hnology + Cultur al He r itage Pa pe rs b y c o untry So me e xa mple s 14

01/02/2017 Physic a l Che mic al fac tor s fac tor s Biologic al fac tor s Stone de gr adation SAL T CRYST AL L ISAT ION Whe n a salt-ric h so lutio n pe ne trate s into the po re struc ture , in spe c ific supe rsaturating and the rmo dynamic c o nditio ns, the salt c rystallizatio n take s plac e and nuc le atio n and gro wth o f salt c rystals within the po re spac e s Cr ac ks c an induc e alte ratio n and de gradatio n o f the sto ne (Sub-e fflo r e sc e nc e ) P OROUS P RE CIPIT AT ION MAT E RIAL G ROWT H OF SAL T CRYST AL S WIT HIN T HE PORE Efflo r e sc e nc e W E AT HE RING S AL T SOL UT ION 15

01/02/2017 SAL T CRYST AL L ISAT ION T he pre ssure e xe rte d by salt T he c rystallizatio n pre ssure o f c rystals o n the c apillary salt c rystals, gro wing in wall, is dire c tly pro po rtio nal c o nfine d po re s, is fo und to be to salt c o nc e ntratio n and the main c ause c rystal size , and inve rse ly fo r damage pro po rtio nal to the radius o f the po re Ne w Mic ro c rac ks Afte r c rystalgro wth T he po re struc ture is c o mpro mise d due to pre ssure e xe rte d by the c rystal Salt crystallisation process The crystal growth generates pressure on the pore walls. Crystal Due to the pressures, the pore increases its size Cr ac ks E fflor e sc e nc e 16

01/02/2017 Salt c r ystallization + wind = Alve olization Alve olization? 17

01/02/2017 Ne w insig hts o n the CONS OL I DAT I ON o f sa lt we a the re d lime sto ne : the c a se study o f Mo dic a Sto ne Ruffo lo e t al 2015, Bulle tin o f E ngine e ring Ge o lo gy and the E nviro nme nt Mo dic a sto ne Pe tro g ra phic o b se rva tio ns  (Be lfio re e t a l. 2010) re ve a le d a g ra in-suppo rte d te xture with a b o ut 30% o f mic ritic ma trix. Allo c he mic a l c o mpo ne nts, with pe rc e nta g e s b e twe e n 40 a nd 45%, c o nsist o f se ve ra l b io c la sts. T he po ro sity (a b o ut 27%) is ma inly inte rg ra nula r. Ac c o rding to Dunha m (1962), the Mo dic a sto ne c a n b e c la ssifie d a s a pa c ksto ne , a c c o rding F o lk (1962) a s a b io mic rite . 18

01/02/2017 Ruffo lo e t al 2015, Bulle tin o f E ngine e ring Ge o lo gy and the E nviro nme nt 19

01/02/2017 We ig ht lo ss Po int lo a d te st 20

01/02/2017 Crysta lliza tio n pre ssure Ruffolo e t al. Sub mitte d to I nte rna tio na l Bio de te rio ra tio n & Bio de g ra da tio n 21

01/02/2017 Biologic al de gr adation of stone sur fac e s Use of bioc ide s in r e stor ation of stone sur fac e s  I n the e a rly sta g e s o f c le a ning o f a n a re a a ffe c te d b y b io lo g ic a l de g ra da tio n, a funda me nta l o pe ra tio n is re pre se nte d b y the re mo va l o f b io lo g ic a l pa tina s  T he re mo va l o f b io lo g ic a l pa tina s re q uire s the use o f b io c ide s (o rg a nic c o mpo unds in a q ue o us o r o rg a nic so lve nt)  T he re mo va l o f b io lo g ic a l pa tina s do e s no t e nsure a n inhib iting e ffe c t o ve r time 22

01/02/2017 Re mo va l o f b io lo g ic a l pa tina s Be fo re During Afte r Conse r vation “philosophy” A pro duc t tha t c a n a ssure a n inhib itio n e ffe c t c a n pro duc e b e ne fits:  E c o no mic : le ss c le a ning inte rve ntio ns o ve r time fo r the re mo va l o f b io lo g ic a l pa tina  E nviro nme nta l: linke d to re duc e d use o f b io c ide s a nd so lve nts 23

01/02/2017 T itanium dioxide Color ing age nt E 171 T itanium dioxide 24

01/02/2017 Crystalline phase s of T iO 2 Photo- c atalytic e ffe c t UV light < 390 nm Se lf c le aning e ffe c t and bioc idal e ffe c t oc c ur s on titania sur fac e 25