Preparedness to hard Brexit Border controls 4 4 October 2019 2019 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Preparedness to “hard” Brexit Border controls

4 4 October 2019 2019

Brexit preparedness notices

https: / / ec.europa.eu/ info/ brexit/ brexit-preparedness/ preparedness-notices_en# sante

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Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) rules Applications of BIP

Brexit in case of no deal

European Commission, DG Taxud

October 2019 Germán de Melo Ponce

1

Table of contents

• 1. EORI
• 2. Customs decisions
• 3. Customs procedures

 Entry of goods in the EU  Temporary storage  Duty relief  Transit and other Special Procedures  Exit of goods from the EU

• 4. Conclusions

2

3

• 1. EORI

EORI

• EORI numbers granted by the UK will not be valid in the

EU27 as of the date of withdrawal

• Persons involved in trade between the UK and the EU27

must have a valid EORI number as of the date of withdrawal

• Persons not established in the EU27 may only apply for

EORI number in specific cases

4

• 2. Customs

decisions

5

Customs decisions

• Authorisations and BTI/BOI granted by the UK are no

longer valid in the EU27 as of the date of withdrawal

• Authorisations granted by the EU 27 including ‘UK

elements’ must be amended as of the date of withdrawal

• SASP

authorisations  supplementary declaration covering UK only for period the day before withdrawal

• Guarantee  guarantor established in the UK must be

replaced by guarantor established in the EU27 after the date of withdrawal

6

• 3. Customs

procedures

7

Customs procedures: entry of goods in EU

• ENS lodged to UK as 1st port of entry before

withdrawal date are not valid after this date  need to lodge another ENS for subsequent ports

• If ENS is lodged to the UK before the withdrawal date

and a diversion takes place to the EU27 as of that date, a new ENS must be lodged  the first ENS will be deemed not having been lodged

8

Customs procedures: temporary storage

• Authorisations for temporary storage facilities
• Goods

in temporary storage in the UK before withdrawal date must follow the customs formalities applicable to non-Union goods if they are brought to the EU27 after this date

• Movements of goods in the EU27 under authorisations

granted by UK  need to regularise before the date of withdrawal

• Movements of goods in the UK under authorisations

granted by EU27  deemed to have been re-exported

9

Customs procedures: duty relief

• Goods exported from the UK before withdrawal date

may be considered returned goods if re-imported in the EU27 after this date

• Goods brought from the EU27 to the UK before the

withdrawal date will be considered as ‘exported’ for the purposes established for returned goods

• Brexit is not considered as a ‘special circumstance’ as

referred to in Article 203(2) UCC

• Transfer or normal residence from UK will be entitled

for duty relief including period before Brexit

10

Customs procedures: transit

• The UK will join the Common Transit Convention after

the date of withdrawal, so UK may use common transit and have access to NCTS

• If goods on transit are brought from EU27 to UK after

the withdrawal date, an EXS has to be lodged, unless security data are already on transit declaration or

• bligation to lodge EXS is waived
• Same procedure if inverse movement  ENS
• Acceptance of forms of guarantor’s undertakings and

guarantee certificates  < 1 year after withdrawal

11

Customs procedures: transit (TIR)

• The UK is already a Contracting Party to the TIR Conv.
• If goods under TIR are brought from EU27 to UK after

the withdrawal date, an EXS has to be lodged and office

• f exit in EU27 will act as customs office of exit
• If goods under TIR are brought from EU27 to UK after

the withdrawal date, the office of destination in UK will have to provide alternative proof of arrival to EU27

• If goods under TIR are brought from UK to EU27 after

the withdrawal date, normal formalities of TIR from 3rd countries will apply (ENS and notification of arrival)

12

Customs procedures: other special procedures

• Authorisations

for special procedures

• ther

than transit granted by the UK or with a UK EORI number will not be valid as of the date of withdrawal

• Authorisations

for special procedures

• ther

than transit granted by the EU27 with a ‘UK element’ will have to be amended

• Need

to discharge special procedure for goods covered by a UK authorisation before the date of withdrawal

13

Customs procedures: other special procedures

• The UK is already a Contracting Party to the ATA

Convention

• ATA carnets may be used for goods declared for

temporary admission brought from UK to the EU27 or vice-versa

• Same applies for goods brought from a 3rd country to

UK and re-exported from EU27 or vice-versa

• ATA carnets will be considered as a declaration of

export for goods temporarily exported from EU27 to a third country via the UK before withdrawal

14

Customs procedures: export

• A pre-departure declaration lodged in the UK will not

be valid if goods arrive to the EU27 after withdrawal

• Goods exported from EU27 via UK:

 If goods do not arrive to UK before withdrawal  office of

export is replaced by office of exit

 If goods arrive to UK before withdrawal  office of export

closes movement by means of an alternative proof

15

Customs procedures: export

• Goods exported from UK via EU27:

 If goods do not arrive to EU27 before withdrawal  same

procedure as non-Union goods coming from 3rd country

 If goods arrive to EU27 before withdrawal  office of export in

UK closes movement by means of an alternative proof and

• ffice of exit can close movement in ECS

16

• 4. General

conclusions

17

Some general conclusions

• No deal means that the UK becomes a 3rd country

from day 1

• Concerned persons must be prepared
• The borders have two sides and concerned persons

must fulfil the requirements established on both sides

18

Thank you for your attention: any questions?

19

Brexit – preparedness

W elcom e and I ntroduction

2

• Where are we: any outcome still possible
• Overall state of play and general preparedness
• Preparedness in other relevant policy areas;

SANTE, TAXUD

• Notices and market developments
• State aid and TRQ apportionment
• Budget contingency
• Testimonials from stakeholders

AGRI preparedness

Notices

4

• Food law
• Organic
• Geographical indications
• TRQ
• licences
• security

Markets

AGRI -FOOD TRADE W I TH THE UK

50 100 150 Total United States China Switzerland Japan Russia Norway United Kingdom

EU-28 agri-food exports compared to EU-27 agri-food exports to the UK (billion €, 2018) 6

20% 18% 9% 12% 18% 23%

EU-27 Agri Food exports to the UK (% of value, 2016-18)

Fresh and processed fruit and vegetables Meat products Dairy products Wine, spirits and beverages Food preparations Others

AGRI -FOOD TRADE W I TH THE UK

AGRI -FOOD TRADE W I TH THE UK

• 1500
• 1000
• 500

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

Trade between the EU27 and the UK (2016-18, million €)

Export Import

Share of UK in EU-2 7 exports ( 2 0 1 6 -1 8 )

9

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Share of EU-2 7 exports to UK on total production ( 2 0 1 6 -1 8 )

10

• 2.0%

0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0%

AGRI -FOOD TRADE W I TH THE UK

11

NL 14.3% IE 10.3% FR 9.8% DE 9.4% ES 6.8% IT 6.2% BE 5.4% PL 4.1% Others EU 7.3% Rest of the world 26.4%

UK Agri food imports (2018, % of total value)

NL IE FR DE ES IT BE PL Others EU Rest of the world

62% 82% 98% 71% 90% 67% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Fresh and processed fruit and vegetables Meat products Dairy products Wine, spirits and beverages Food preparations Others

Share of UK agri-food imports originating from the EU-27 (% of value, 2018)

AGRI -FOOD TRADE W I TH THE UK

Average 7 4 %

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Share of Agri Food exports directed to UK (% of value, average 2015-17)

AGRI -FOOD TRADE W I TH THE UK

What may influence EU27-UK trade

UK Tariffs and Quotas Regulatory requirem ents ( custom s, SPS, etc.) Logistical bottlenecks ( tunnel, harbours, border inspection points, trucks, ferries) EU agri-food industry com petitiveness Organised and interdependent supply chains,including private certification schem es, established brand nam es, etc Food price and food availability for UK consum ers / UK household incom e / £ exchange rate

Provisional UK Tariff Schedule

• 87% of UK imports under zero-tariff access;
• Tariffs on:

Beef, lamb, pork and poultry, cheese, butter and white sugar; Goods incl. bananas and raw cane sugar in order to enable preferential access to developing countries;

• No tariffs on fruit and vegetables, wine, processed

food etc.

• No tariffs/ checks on goods crossing from Ireland

to Northern Ireland (from all origins)

• I m pact:
• 19% of EU good exports subject to tariffs
• Preference erosion on UK market

Examples of MFN duties and proposed UK schedule*

MFN Provisional UK tariff for 12 months* *

• Beef

~ 69% ~ 36% TRQ: 230kt

• Pigmeat

~ 25% ~ 4%

• Poultry meat

~ 34% ~ 21% TRQ: 420kt

• Cheese

~ 26% ~ 4%

• Sugar

~ 79% ~ 30% TRQ: 260kt

• Apples/ pears

~ 7% 0%

• Cut flowers

~ 10% 0% AGRI -FOOD TRADE W I TH THE UK

*estimated - average applied to current EU27 exports to UK (without TRQ) ** as announced in March 2019 (possibly under review)

Monthly trade flow s w ith UK

17

• Jan. 2015
• Mar. 2015
• May. 2015
• Jul. 2015
• Sep. 2015
• Nov. 2015
• Jan. 2016
• Mar. 2016
• May. 2016
• Jul. 2016
• Sep. 2016
• Nov. 2016
• Jan. 2017
• Mar. 2017
• May. 2017
• Jul. 2017
• Sep. 2017
• Nov. 2017
• Jan. 2018
• Mar. 2018
• May. 2018
• Jul. 2018
• Sep. 2018
• Nov. 2018
• Jan. 2019
• Mar. 2019
• May. 2019

I n Focus – developm ent of EU2 7 export volum e to UK

18

Jan 2019 vs Jan 2016-18 Feb 2019 vs Feb 2016-18 Mar 2019 vs Mar 2016-18 April 2019 vs April 2016-18 May 2019 vs May 2016-18 Jun 2019 vs Jun 2016-18

Agrifood total 11% 6% 2%

• 5%
• 12%
• 12%

Bovine meat 8% 3%

• 8%
• 3%
• 24%
• 14%

Pork meat 2% 5% 4%

• 6%
• 20%
• 34%

Poultry meat 3% 14% 18% 11% 13%

• 2%

Butter 25% 20% 10% 8%

• 37%
• 29%

Cheese 10% 28% 18%

• 3%
• 5%
• 13%

Sugar 20% 61% 24%

• 47%
• 56%
• 38%

Vegetables 10%

• 2%

1%

• 5%
• 5%
• 11%

Wine, vermouth,… 15% 21% 9%

• 6%
• 6%
• 16%

Beer 16% 11% 11%

• 13%
• 15%
• 17%

Cigarettes & cigars 100% 65% 27%

• 72%
• 66%
• 70%

Traditional autum n trade flow s

19 Exports in value Novem ber-Decem ber vs rest of year ( 3 y avg) Total Agrifood + 6% Processed food + 12% Butter + 25% Cheese + 11% Live animals + 108% Bovine meat + 11% Poultry meat + 15% Citrus fruit + 65% Wine, vermouth, cidre + 30% Pasta, pastry, biscuits, bread + 12% Spirits and liquer + 29%

STATE AI D

Carbery Food Ingredients Ltd

• Investment aid for processing and marketing of dairy products
• Large company specialised in cheese production – Overreliance on

sale of Cheddar to UK market

• Adaptation to consumer demands outside UK, incl. global markets:

Mozzarella production – higher added value

• Investment in new facilities + new technology
• State financed direct grant to fill funding gap
• Market outlet for around 1260 milk suppliers
• Employment security to over 500 jobs, incl. indirect employees and

service providers

Future Growth Loan Scheme

• Access to finance for farmers & agri-food companies (SMEs) in a

post-Brexit environment

• Long-term strategic investment loans: 8 – 10 years
• Aid in the form of discounted interest rates (rate depending on loan

size – max 4,5%)

• Minimum loan: EUR 50 000 for farmers; EUR 100 000 for SMEs
• Maximum loan: EUR 3 000 000
• Unsecured loan up to EUR 500 000
• Total budget: EUR 300 million
• National financing + funds from EIB & EIF

Copa and Cogeca members Brexit preparedness activities

Stock taking of DG AGRI Civil Dialogue Groups (04/10/2019) François GUERIN (Senior Policy Advisor) BX(19)8598:1

European farmers and agri-cooperatives to be hit hard by a no-deal Brexit

• In 2017, EU27 agri-food exports to the UK amounted to €41

billion euros while the UK exports to the EU reached €17 billion euros

• All EU-27 countries will be negatively affected by a no-deal

Brexit, the magnitude of the impact increasing with economic proximity to the UK

• The sectors most likely to be impacted, in order of EU to UK

export turnover, are: fruit and vegetables, beefmeat, pigmeat, dairy and wine. However, other agricultural sectors (e.g. flowers, ornamental plants and rice) will also be effected subsequently

Major concerns for agri-food importers and exporters

• Customs border and associated procedures would add a

considerable amount of time to journeys between EU27 and UK

• Any delay would mean missed connections to further

destinations, spoiled goods, which would prove to be massively disruptive and costly for agri-food businesses

• Many businesses exports from EU use « groupage

transportation »: multiple different products are in one lorry for multiple destinations

• Lack of dialogue between food-chain partners

Major concerns for agri-food importers and exporters

• Many operators trade solely within the EU single market and do

not export to third countries, meaning they do not have expertise in customs procedures

• The proposal for a trusted trader system (Authorised Economic

Operator) will do little to alleviate this

• Farmers and agri-cooperatives don’t know what to prepare for

and rely on the UK commitment that controls will be introduced

• nly for high-risk food / no systematic control / maintain free flow
• f good
• Lack of clear information regarding UK authorities’ plans

Preparedness measures being undertaken

• Reviewed the supply chains to determine if they are sourcing from
• r supplying materials/products to the UK
• Assessed the degree to which their business depends on UK-based

suppliers and customers

• Registered with national customs authorities for their EORI

number (Economic Operator Registration and Identification)

• In Ireland, assessed reliance on goods transported across the UK

(landbridge), examine if direct routes to continental Europe make more sense for their business

Preparedness measures being undertaken

• Considered the impact of Rules of Origin of their customs duties
• Engaged a customs agent to handle their customs formalities and

complete declarations

• Registered on EU’s Trade Control and Expert System (TRACES)
• Some exporters and importers made sure that transporter or

haulier are in possession of the required documents (it is estimated that up to half of them won’t be ready)

Preparedness measures being undertaken

• Market diversification:

 Brexit has accelerated the process of diversifying their export markets  Takes a considerable amount of time for businesses to access new markets and for brands to establish themselves and generate value

• Product diversification:

 Lot of investments made by operators in new facilities to enable them to also diversify their product portfolios  Ex. some processors aim to move part of their production from cheddar to more international cheese types

Preparedness measures being undertaken

• Strengthening foothold in UK:

 UK will remain a key market for European farmers and agri- cooperatives (due to historical trading ties and established distribution channels), despite potential future trade difficulties and higher costs  Merger of some cooperatives in Ireland in order to allow greater flexibility and supply  Investments have been made in storage facilities and distribution capacity in the UK

Maintaing UK market access and value

• EU and UK must maintain the closest possible trading

relationship, while preserving the value of the EU market

• Full recognition of food safety systems and veterinary

certifications

• Avoiding the creation of new non-tariff trade barriers in

customs and border requirements

• Maintaining a level playing field

Copa-Cogeca: Promoting and developing the European Model of Agriculture

www.copa-cogeca.eu

Thank you for your attention!

Brexit: FoodDrinkEurope preparednes activities

4 October 2019

1

Membership

25 National Federations 27 EU Sector Associations 22 Liaison Companies

EU27-UK trade of food and drink products

The UK is the largest trading partner of the EU27

• Setting up of a FoodDrinkEurope Brexit Taskforce (in 2017)

Treat the food and drink as a priority sector (potential huge impact on the food supply chain)

• Information to members and coordination role
• Contact with Art.50 TF, Commission services
• Agri-food chain letters and meetings

Need for additional contingency measures to be adopted

• Communication activities to stress the specificities of the agri-food sector, the dramatic

implications of a no-deal Brexit and the need for certainity

Main FoodDrinkEurope activities

• Regular meetings of FooddrinkEurope Brexit Taskforce
• Meetings of the UK Border Delivery Group (cross-departmental group) in March and

recently with DEFRA/HMRC

FoodDrinkEurope members activities

• Continued uncertainty
• Large companies vs SMEs
• Competition issues

Members

Preparedness activities

• Communications and Legal Notices welcomed
• Regular contact with Art. 50 Task force and Commission Services
• Common paper with Copa-Cogeca and FoodDrinkEurope asking for contingency

measures

• Latest: Celcaa workshop

Exchange with CLECAT – prepardness of customs agents and freight forwarders Exchange with ESPO- European Sea Ports Organisations DEFRA on imports requirements/ organic/ temporary tariff schedule and GIs Protection HMRC

Trade perspective

• UK remains key export market
• UK as source of import? i.e. UK is hub for imports of some F& V to the EU – impact?

Prepardness

• Issues of small traders not used to international trade
• Number of EORI registration would provide some indications

Risks

• Contract on Delivery Duty Paid => increased risks for traders

Uncertainty

• change of UK temporary tariff schedule
• dynamic alignment on SPS rules - for how long?
• GIs registration in UK system

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

BREXIT Livestock And Meat Sector Preparedness Karsten Maier UECBV Secretary General DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019

European Livestock and Meat Trades Union – UECBV

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

Today, UECBV represents 53 associations out of :

• 24 EU Member States as well as certain

EFTA countries (example Swiss, Norway)

• EU trade partners in the meat sector,

associated to the UECBV (Japan, Russia and Ukraine) 3 European Associations Livestock markets (AEMB) Casings industry (ENSCA) Ship suppliers (OCEAN) In total, some 20,000 firms of all sizes and over 230,000 jobs are represented within the UECBV through its national member federations.

European Livestock and Meat Trades Union – UECBV

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

UECBV is the European Livestock and Meat Trades Union. It represents the national federations of the:  livestock traders  livestock markets  meat industry: slaughterhouses, cutting and preparation plants  wholesale meat traders  international meat traders UECBV focuses on cattle, beef / horses, horsemeat / sheep and goats, sheep and goat meat / pigs, pork.

WHAT IS UECBV?

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

1. MARKET CONSEQUENCES 2. LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS 3. OPENED QUESTIONS

 General  Imports  Exports  Specific for IE

4. CONCLUSION

TABLE OF CONTENT

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

European Livestock and Meat Trades Union – UECBV The European Meat Industry in a hard Brexit scenario

(shown MMO 3/2018)

CRISIS

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

European Livestock and Meat Trades Union – UECBV A hard Brexit would devastate the European Meat Industry

• UK a vital trading partner
• Net importer of meat
• Uniquely high value market
• Meat sector has highest WTO tariffs
• Average tariff = 48%
• On some products tariffs > 100%
• Vet checks an extra cost for meat
• Transport costs impact fresh trade
• Complex supply chain distrupted

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

European Livestock and Meat Trades Union – UECBV Trade between the UK and the EU would collapse…

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

European Livestock and Meat Trades Union – UECBV …with a major impact

• n producer

prices on the EU market

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

European Livestock and Meat Trades Union – UECBV This collapse in trade and associated price effect would be felt across Europe

• Value of EU beef production to fall by

almost €2.4 billion

• Value of EU pig meat production to

fall by €2.3 billion

• Job losses estimated to be at least

32,000

• Impact would be considerably greater

than the Russian food ban crisis

• No new markets to replace loss

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

European Livestock and Meat Trades Union – UECBV Other factors would further decrease trade

• Specific duties will affect cuts in

different ways

• E.g. while price of striploin will

increase by 36%, manufacturing beef price will increase by 100%

• UK predominantly fresh market
• Fresh and just-in-time trade

sensitive to increased customs delays

• UK’s role as land-bridge

undermined

• UK links Ireland with the continent –

cutting this link will cause extra cost to intra-EU trade

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

European Livestock and Meat Trades Union – UECBV Solutions and mitigating measures

Key Priorities:

1. Transitional period 2. Future trade partnership 3. Regulatory convergence (equivalence agreement) Market support measures:

• Increase international market access
• Simplified sealed container system
• Mutual recognition of standards/
• Approved Consignor/Consignee status

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

 Market supports will be essential  The objective should be to maintain EU27 beef (pork) exports to

the UK – we should do everything possible to maintain our position in the UK

 Measures must be introduced quickly, rather than waiting for

damage to occur

 Traditional measures, such as intervention/APS, do not help with

the main objective of keeping EU27 beef going to UK customers (so that they are not forced to go for alternative supplies)

 The challenge for the support measure(s) is to offset the impact of

the UK tariff and additional trade costs

Market consequences – No dead Outcome

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

 Flexibility on State Aid rules has still not been addressed by the

Commission in the context of MSs ability to react to the impacts of Brexit.

 What is the state of play on State Aid flexibility? MSs will have to be

able to support investment in competitiveness and market diversification of companies worst affected by Brexit.

 Market access to non-EU countries is still being worked by all of us,

but it is a very slow process.

Market consequences

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

 This level depends on the number of operators who are trading today with

the UK and have no experience of trade with third countries.

 The level of awareness looks quite high in some countries like BE, DE, IE

and NL. If there are companies only active in the internal market today, they are very few. The big majority knows what trading with a third country means.

 This is much less difficult to assess in bigger MS, like FR. Nevertheless,

in FR, the issue is more for imports. The questioned companies stated they are ready between 30 and 75%.

 Some of the uncertainties in the preparedness (including for NL and BE)

are:

• High import duties
• Changing commercial relationships
• Longer waiting times

 UK government assessment is that half of the UK traders will not be prepared.

Level of preparedness

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV  National “Smart system” not exactly the same by MS =>

compatibility?

 List of establishments both in the EU and the UK: are they

ready? What about the inspections? How long the today lists will be valid? What will happen if there is already a divergence in the legislation in December? Ex: OCR, MSM

OPEN Questions – General

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

 The health certificate to export beef to the EU drafted by the UK is based on the

EU model (R. EC/206/2010 Annex 2, Part 2). Is it possible to use this certificate to export beef to the EU, where the origin of that beef is the EU itself. i.e. Irish beef imported to NI, de-boned and re-exported to the Republic of Ireland?

 Imports of minced meat, (meat products and preparations) from the UK: Will it

still be possible, because in the health attestation it says it needs to be frozen, so there will be no option to export chilled minced meat from the UK to the EU?

 Lack of BIPs approved in FR for live animals. It looks it is a minor issue, but

maybe an issue in case of specialised operators.

 Delivery duty paid, will this still be possible (question of customs procedure)?  In particular, will the UK exporter be able to export to the EU at the same time

with being the importer in practical terms and being able to do the whole process and just deliver the products to the factory as they are doing now.

 Compatibility with OCR – IMSOC?

OPEN Questions: IMPORTS – the UK to the EU

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV  TRQ: UK proposed tariffs and TRQs. They are severe

• n Beef and Sheep meat and less so on Pork. The

proposed tariffs still represent a major impediment to trade.

 In case one operator exports from a port of another MS,

like in FR, does he need to be registered as well in this MS (customs, VAT, smart system)?

 Lack of clarity for the export side

EXPORTS – the EU to the UK

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

 Landbridge concerns remain for trade between Ireland and EU-

26 and vice versa. Will the goods using landbridge be submitted for pre-notification?

 Transit rules/facilitation are important + also direct shipping

routes.

 At the moment, there is very little capacity on direct shipping routes

between Ireland and the Continent.

 Shipping lines say they will respond to demand when it arises (if as

expected, major delays occur on the Dover-Calais route), but the problem is that it will take weeks for the new direct routes to emerge and, in the meantime, there will be massive disruption to deliveries and trade between Ireland and the Continent (in both directions).

Landbridge issue

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

 Still many uncertainties on procedure and market consequences  Legal divergence expected soon with the entry into application of

new EU legislation (such as OCR, AHL)

 Necessity global approach [Sanitary issues (food safety & AH),

customs, VAT, market aspects] – “One desk”

CONCLUSION

DG AGRI, Brussels, 4th October 2019 UECBV

www.uecbv.eu

Thank you very much for your attention!