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Prr str - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 06, 2023 •237 likes •1.79k views

Prr str t t rst st

  1. ❆▲●❖▲ ✺✜ ❖r✐❣✐♥❛❧❧②✱ ■❆▲✱ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❆❧❣❡❜r❛✐❝ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ●♩❛❧s✿ ✶ ❯s❛❜❧❡ ❢♊r ❛❧❣♊r✐t❀♠ ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ✐♥ s❝✐❡♥t✐✜❝ r❡✈✐❡✇s ✷ ❆s ❝❧♩s❡ ❛s ♣♊ss✐❜❧❡ t♩ t❀❡ ✉s✉❛❧ ♠❛t❀❡♠❛t✐❝❛❧ ♥♊t❛t✐♊♥s ✾ ❘❡❛❞❛❜❧❡ ✇✐t❀♊✉t ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ ✹ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝❛❧❧② tr❛♥s❧❛t❛❜❧❡ ✐♥t♩ ♠❛❝❀✐♥❡ ❝♊❞❡ ▌❡❡t✐♥❣ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✜ ❆♠❡r✐❝❛♥s ❛♥❞ ❊✉r♊♣❡❛♥s ✐♥ ❩✉r✐❝❀✳ ❆▲●❖▲ ✺✜✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✶✻ ✮ ✜✜

  2. ❆▲●❖▲ ✺✜ ❖r✐❣✐♥❛❧❧②✱ ■❆▲✱ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❆❧❣❡❜r❛✐❝ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ●♩❛❧s✿ ✶ ❯s❛❜❧❡ ❢♊r ❛❧❣♊r✐t❀♠ ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ✐♥ s❝✐❡♥t✐✜❝ r❡✈✐❡✇s ✷ ❆s ❝❧♩s❡ ❛s ♣♊ss✐❜❧❡ t♩ t❀❡ ✉s✉❛❧ ♠❛t❀❡♠❛t✐❝❛❧ ♥♊t❛t✐♊♥s ✾ ❘❡❛❞❛❜❧❡ ✇✐t❀♊✉t ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ ✹ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝❛❧❧② tr❛♥s❧❛t❛❜❧❡ ✐♥t♩ ♠❛❝❀✐♥❡ ❝♊❞❡ ▌❡❡t✐♥❣ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✜ ❆♠❡r✐❝❛♥s ❛♥❞ ❊✉r♊♣❡❛♥s ✐♥ ❩✉r✐❝❀✳ ❆▲●❖▲ ✺✜✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✶✻ ✮ ✜✜

  3. ❆▲●❖▲ ✺✜ ❖r✐❣✐♥❛❧❧②✱ ■❆▲✱ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❆❧❣❡❜r❛✐❝ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ●♩❛❧s✿ ✶ ❯s❛❜❧❡ ❢♊r ❛❧❣♊r✐t❀♠ ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ✐♥ s❝✐❡♥t✐✜❝ r❡✈✐❡✇s ✷ ❆s ❝❧♩s❡ ❛s ♣♊ss✐❜❧❡ t♩ t❀❡ ✉s✉❛❧ ♠❛t❀❡♠❛t✐❝❛❧ ♥♊t❛t✐♊♥s ✾ ❘❡❛❞❛❜❧❡ ✇✐t❀♊✉t ❛ss✐st❛♥❝❡ ✹ ❆✉t♩♠❛t✐❝❛❧❧② tr❛♥s❧❛t❛❜❧❡ ✐♥t♩ ♠❛❝❀✐♥❡ ❝♊❞❡ ▌❡❡t✐♥❣ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✜ ❆♠❡r✐❝❛♥s ❛♥❞ ❊✉r♊♣❡❛♥s ✐♥ ❩✉r✐❝❀✳ ❆▲●❖▲ ✺✜✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✶✻ ✮ ✜✜

  4. ❆▲●❖▲ ✺✜ ❬❲✐❊✐♣❡❞✐❛✱ ✷✵✵✺❪ ■♥ ▌❛② ✶✟✺✜✱ ■❆▲ ✇❛s r❡❥❡❝t❡❞ ❛s ❛♥ ✧✬✉♥s♣❡❛❊❛❜❧❡✬ ❛♥❞ ♣♊♠♣♊✉s ❛❝r♊♥②♠✧ ■♥tr♊❞✉❝❡❞ t❀❡ ❢✉♥❞❛♠❡♥t❛❧ ♥♊t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝♊♠♣♊✉♥❞ st❛t❡♠❡♥t r❡str✐❝t❡❞ t♩ ❝♊♥tr♩❧ ✢♊✇ ♊♥❧② ♥♊t t✐❡❞ t♩ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❯s❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✶✟✺✟ t♩ ♣✉❜❧✐s❀ ❛❧❣♊r✐t❀♠ ✐♥ ❈❆❈▌ ✉s❡ ♊❢ ❆▲●❖▲ ♥♊t❛t✐♊♥ ✐♥ ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥ ♠❛♥② ②❡❛rs Pr✐♠❛r② ❝♊♥tr✐❜✉t✐♊♥ ✇❛s t♩ ❧❛t❡r ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✿ ❛ ❜❛s✐s ❢♊r ❏❖❱■❆▲ ◗✉✐❝❊✱ ▌❆❉✱ ❛♥❞ ◆❊▲■❆❈✳ ❊❛r❧② ❝♊♠♣r♩♠✐s❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ s♊♊♥ s✉♣❡rs❡❞❡❞ ❜② ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✶✌ ✮ ✜✜

  5. ❆▲●❖▲ ✺✜ ❬❲✐❊✐♣❡❞✐❛✱ ✷✵✵✺❪ ■♥ ▌❛② ✶✟✺✜✱ ■❆▲ ✇❛s r❡❥❡❝t❡❞ ❛s ❛♥ ✧✬✉♥s♣❡❛❊❛❜❧❡✬ ❛♥❞ ♣♊♠♣♊✉s ❛❝r♊♥②♠✧ ■♥tr♊❞✉❝❡❞ t❀❡ ❢✉♥❞❛♠❡♥t❛❧ ♥♊t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝♊♠♣♊✉♥❞ st❛t❡♠❡♥t r❡str✐❝t❡❞ t♩ ❝♊♥tr♩❧ ✢♊✇ ♊♥❧② ♥♊t t✐❡❞ t♩ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❯s❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✶✟✺✟ t♩ ♣✉❜❧✐s❀ ❛❧❣♊r✐t❀♠ ✐♥ ❈❆❈▌ ✉s❡ ♊❢ ❆▲●❖▲ ♥♊t❛t✐♊♥ ✐♥ ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥ ♠❛♥② ②❡❛rs Pr✐♠❛r② ❝♊♥tr✐❜✉t✐♊♥ ✇❛s t♩ ❧❛t❡r ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✿ ❛ ❜❛s✐s ❢♊r ❏❖❱■❆▲ ◗✉✐❝❊✱ ▌❆❉✱ ❛♥❞ ◆❊▲■❆❈✳ ❊❛r❧② ❝♊♠♣r♩♠✐s❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ s♊♊♥ s✉♣❡rs❡❞❡❞ ❜② ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✶✌ ✮ ✜✜

  6. ❆▲●❖▲ ✺✜ ❬❲✐❊✐♣❡❞✐❛✱ ✷✵✵✺❪ ■♥ ▌❛② ✶✟✺✜✱ ■❆▲ ✇❛s r❡❥❡❝t❡❞ ❛s ❛♥ ✧✬✉♥s♣❡❛❊❛❜❧❡✬ ❛♥❞ ♣♊♠♣♊✉s ❛❝r♊♥②♠✧ ■♥tr♊❞✉❝❡❞ t❀❡ ❢✉♥❞❛♠❡♥t❛❧ ♥♊t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝♊♠♣♊✉♥❞ st❛t❡♠❡♥t r❡str✐❝t❡❞ t♩ ❝♊♥tr♩❧ ✢♊✇ ♊♥❧② ♥♊t t✐❡❞ t♩ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❯s❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✶✟✺✟ t♩ ♣✉❜❧✐s❀ ❛❧❣♊r✐t❀♠ ✐♥ ❈❆❈▌ ✉s❡ ♊❢ ❆▲●❖▲ ♥♊t❛t✐♊♥ ✐♥ ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥ ♠❛♥② ②❡❛rs Pr✐♠❛r② ❝♊♥tr✐❜✉t✐♊♥ ✇❛s t♩ ❧❛t❡r ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✿ ❛ ❜❛s✐s ❢♊r ❏❖❱■❆▲ ◗✉✐❝❊✱ ▌❆❉✱ ❛♥❞ ◆❊▲■❆❈✳ ❊❛r❧② ❝♊♠♣r♩♠✐s❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ s♊♊♥ s✉♣❡rs❡❞❡❞ ❜② ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✶✌ ✮ ✜✜

  7. ❆▲●❖▲ ✺✜ ❬❲✐❊✐♣❡❞✐❛✱ ✷✵✵✺❪ ■♥ ▌❛② ✶✟✺✜✱ ■❆▲ ✇❛s r❡❥❡❝t❡❞ ❛s ❛♥ ✧✬✉♥s♣❡❛❊❛❜❧❡✬ ❛♥❞ ♣♊♠♣♊✉s ❛❝r♊♥②♠✧ ■♥tr♊❞✉❝❡❞ t❀❡ ❢✉♥❞❛♠❡♥t❛❧ ♥♊t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝♊♠♣♊✉♥❞ st❛t❡♠❡♥t r❡str✐❝t❡❞ t♩ ❝♊♥tr♩❧ ✢♊✇ ♊♥❧② ♥♊t t✐❡❞ t♩ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❯s❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✶✟✺✟ t♩ ♣✉❜❧✐s❀ ❛❧❣♊r✐t❀♠ ✐♥ ❈❆❈▌ ✉s❡ ♊❢ ❆▲●❖▲ ♥♊t❛t✐♊♥ ✐♥ ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥ ♠❛♥② ②❡❛rs Pr✐♠❛r② ❝♊♥tr✐❜✉t✐♊♥ ✇❛s t♩ ❧❛t❡r ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✿ ❛ ❜❛s✐s ❢♊r ❏❖❱■❆▲ ◗✉✐❝❊✱ ▌❆❉✱ ❛♥❞ ◆❊▲■❆❈✳ ❊❛r❧② ❝♊♠♣r♩♠✐s❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ s♊♊♥ s✉♣❡rs❡❞❡❞ ❜② ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✶✌ ✮ ✜✜

  8. ❆▲●❖▲ ✺✜ ❬❲✐❊✐♣❡❞✐❛✱ ✷✵✵✺❪ ■♥ ▌❛② ✶✟✺✜✱ ■❆▲ ✇❛s r❡❥❡❝t❡❞ ❛s ❛♥ ✧✬✉♥s♣❡❛❊❛❜❧❡✬ ❛♥❞ ♣♊♠♣♊✉s ❛❝r♊♥②♠✧ ■♥tr♊❞✉❝❡❞ t❀❡ ❢✉♥❞❛♠❡♥t❛❧ ♥♊t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝♊♠♣♊✉♥❞ st❛t❡♠❡♥t r❡str✐❝t❡❞ t♩ ❝♊♥tr♩❧ ✢♊✇ ♊♥❧② ♥♊t t✐❡❞ t♩ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❯s❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✶✟✺✟ t♩ ♣✉❜❧✐s❀ ❛❧❣♊r✐t❀♠ ✐♥ ❈❆❈▌ ✉s❡ ♊❢ ❆▲●❖▲ ♥♊t❛t✐♊♥ ✐♥ ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥ ♠❛♥② ②❡❛rs Pr✐♠❛r② ❝♊♥tr✐❜✉t✐♊♥ ✇❛s t♩ ❧❛t❡r ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✿ ❛ ❜❛s✐s ❢♊r ❏❖❱■❆▲ ◗✉✐❝❊✱ ▌❆❉✱ ❛♥❞ ◆❊▲■❆❈✳ ❊❛r❧② ❝♊♠♣r♩♠✐s❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ s♊♊♥ s✉♣❡rs❡❞❡❞ ❜② ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✶✌ ✮ ✜✜

  9. ❆▲●❖▲ ✺✜ ❬❲✐❊✐♣❡❞✐❛✱ ✷✵✵✺❪ ■♥ ▌❛② ✶✟✺✜✱ ■❆▲ ✇❛s r❡❥❡❝t❡❞ ❛s ❛♥ ✧✬✉♥s♣❡❛❊❛❜❧❡✬ ❛♥❞ ♣♊♠♣♊✉s ❛❝r♊♥②♠✧ ■♥tr♊❞✉❝❡❞ t❀❡ ❢✉♥❞❛♠❡♥t❛❧ ♥♊t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝♊♠♣♊✉♥❞ st❛t❡♠❡♥t r❡str✐❝t❡❞ t♩ ❝♊♥tr♩❧ ✢♊✇ ♊♥❧② ♥♊t t✐❡❞ t♩ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❯s❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✶✟✺✟ t♩ ♣✉❜❧✐s❀ ❛❧❣♊r✐t❀♠ ✐♥ ❈❆❈▌ ✉s❡ ♊❢ ❆▲●❖▲ ♥♊t❛t✐♊♥ ✐♥ ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥ ♠❛♥② ②❡❛rs Pr✐♠❛r② ❝♊♥tr✐❜✉t✐♊♥ ✇❛s t♩ ❧❛t❡r ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✿ ❛ ❜❛s✐s ❢♊r ❏❖❱■❆▲ ◗✉✐❝❊✱ ▌❆❉✱ ❛♥❞ ◆❊▲■❆❈✳ ❊❛r❧② ❝♊♠♣r♩♠✐s❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ s♊♊♥ s✉♣❡rs❡❞❡❞ ❜② ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✶✌ ✮ ✜✜

  10. ❆▲●❖▲ ✺✜ ❬❲✐❊✐♣❡❞✐❛✱ ✷✵✵✺❪ ■♥ ▌❛② ✶✟✺✜✱ ■❆▲ ✇❛s r❡❥❡❝t❡❞ ❛s ❛♥ ✧✬✉♥s♣❡❛❊❛❜❧❡✬ ❛♥❞ ♣♊♠♣♊✉s ❛❝r♊♥②♠✧ ■♥tr♊❞✉❝❡❞ t❀❡ ❢✉♥❞❛♠❡♥t❛❧ ♥♊t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝♊♠♣♊✉♥❞ st❛t❡♠❡♥t r❡str✐❝t❡❞ t♩ ❝♊♥tr♩❧ ✢♊✇ ♊♥❧② ♥♊t t✐❡❞ t♩ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❯s❡❞ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✶✟✺✟ t♩ ♣✉❜❧✐s❀ ❛❧❣♊r✐t❀♠ ✐♥ ❈❆❈▌ ✉s❡ ♊❢ ❆▲●❖▲ ♥♊t❛t✐♊♥ ✐♥ ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥ ♠❛♥② ②❡❛rs Pr✐♠❛r② ❝♊♥tr✐❜✉t✐♊♥ ✇❛s t♩ ❧❛t❡r ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✿ ❛ ❜❛s✐s ❢♊r ❏❖❱■❆▲ ◗✉✐❝❊✱ ▌❆❉✱ ❛♥❞ ◆❊▲■❆❈✳ ❊❛r❧② ❝♊♠♣r♩♠✐s❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ s♊♊♥ s✉♣❡rs❡❞❡❞ ❜② ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✶✌ ✮ ✜✜

  11. ❏❖❱■❆▲ ❬❲✐❊✐♣❡❞✐❛✱ ✷✵✵✺❪ ✧❏✉❧❡s ❖✇♥ ❱❡rs✐♊♥ ♊❢ t❀❡ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❆❧❣♊r✐t❀♠✐❝ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳✧ ❉❡✈❡❧♊♣❡❞ t♩ ✇r✐t❡ s♊❢t✇❛r❡ ❢♊r t❀❡ ❡❧❡❝tr♊♥✐❝s ♊❢ ♠✐❧✐t❛r② ❛✐r❝r❛❢t ❜② ❏✉❧❡s ❙❝❀✇❛rt③ ✐♥ ✶✟✺✟✳ ❘✉♥s t❀❡ ❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❈r✉✐s❡ ▌✐ss✐❧❡✱ ❇✲✺✷✱ ❇✲✶✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✲✷ ❜♊♠❜❡rs✱ ❈✲✶✞✵✱ ❈✲✶✹✶✱ ❛♥❞ ❈✲✶✌ tr❛♥s♣♊rt ❛✐r❝r❛❢t✱ ❋✲✶✺✱ ❋✲✶✻✱ ❋✲✶✜✱ ❛♥❞ ❋✲✶✶✌ ✜❣❀t❡r ❛✐r❝r❛❢t✱ ▲❆◆❚■❘◆✱ ❯✲✷ ❛✐r❝r❛❢t✱ ❊✲✞ ❙❡♥tr② ❆❲❆❈❙ ❛✐r❝r❛❢t✱ ❙♣❡❝✐❛❧ ❖♣❡r❛t✐♊♥s ❋♩r❝❡s✱ ◆❛✈② ❆❊●■❙ ❝r✉✐s❡rs✱ ❆r♠② ▌✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ▲❛✉♥❝❀ ❘♊❝❊❡t ❙②st❡♠ ✭▌▲❘❙✮✱ ❆r♠② ❯❍✲✻✵ ❇❧❛❝❊❀❛✇❊ ❀❡❧✐❝♊♣t❡rs✱ ❋✲✶✵✵✱ ❋✶✶✌✱ ❋✶✶✟ ❥❡t ❡♥❣✐♥❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❘▲✲✶✵ r♊❝❊❡t ❡♥❣✐♥❡s✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✶✜ ✮ ✜✜

  12. ❏❖❱■❆▲ ❬❲✐❊✐♣❡❞✐❛✱ ✷✵✵✺❪ ✧❏✉❧❡s ❖✇♥ ❱❡rs✐♊♥ ♊❢ t❀❡ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❆❧❣♊r✐t❀♠✐❝ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳✧ ❉❡✈❡❧♊♣❡❞ t♩ ✇r✐t❡ s♊❢t✇❛r❡ ❢♊r t❀❡ ❡❧❡❝tr♊♥✐❝s ♊❢ ♠✐❧✐t❛r② ❛✐r❝r❛❢t ❜② ❏✉❧❡s ❙❝❀✇❛rt③ ✐♥ ✶✟✺✟✳ ❘✉♥s t❀❡ ❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❈r✉✐s❡ ▌✐ss✐❧❡✱ ❇✲✺✷✱ ❇✲✶✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✲✷ ❜♊♠❜❡rs✱ ❈✲✶✞✵✱ ❈✲✶✹✶✱ ❛♥❞ ❈✲✶✌ tr❛♥s♣♊rt ❛✐r❝r❛❢t✱ ❋✲✶✺✱ ❋✲✶✻✱ ❋✲✶✜✱ ❛♥❞ ❋✲✶✶✌ ✜❣❀t❡r ❛✐r❝r❛❢t✱ ▲❆◆❚■❘◆✱ ❯✲✷ ❛✐r❝r❛❢t✱ ❊✲✞ ❙❡♥tr② ❆❲❆❈❙ ❛✐r❝r❛❢t✱ ❙♣❡❝✐❛❧ ❖♣❡r❛t✐♊♥s ❋♩r❝❡s✱ ◆❛✈② ❆❊●■❙ ❝r✉✐s❡rs✱ ❆r♠② ▌✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ▲❛✉♥❝❀ ❘♊❝❊❡t ❙②st❡♠ ✭▌▲❘❙✮✱ ❆r♠② ❯❍✲✻✵ ❇❧❛❝❊❀❛✇❊ ❀❡❧✐❝♊♣t❡rs✱ ❋✲✶✵✵✱ ❋✶✶✌✱ ❋✶✶✟ ❥❡t ❡♥❣✐♥❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❘▲✲✶✵ r♊❝❊❡t ❡♥❣✐♥❡s✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✶✜ ✮ ✜✜

  13. ❏❖❱■❆▲ ❬❲✐❊✐♣❡❞✐❛✱ ✷✵✵✺❪ ✧❏✉❧❡s ❖✇♥ ❱❡rs✐♊♥ ♊❢ t❀❡ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♊♥❛❧ ❆❧❣♊r✐t❀♠✐❝ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳✧ ❉❡✈❡❧♊♣❡❞ t♩ ✇r✐t❡ s♊❢t✇❛r❡ ❢♊r t❀❡ ❡❧❡❝tr♊♥✐❝s ♊❢ ♠✐❧✐t❛r② ❛✐r❝r❛❢t ❜② ❏✉❧❡s ❙❝❀✇❛rt③ ✐♥ ✶✟✺✟✳ ❘✉♥s t❀❡ ❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❈r✉✐s❡ ▌✐ss✐❧❡✱ ❇✲✺✷✱ ❇✲✶✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✲✷ ❜♊♠❜❡rs✱ ❈✲✶✞✵✱ ❈✲✶✹✶✱ ❛♥❞ ❈✲✶✌ tr❛♥s♣♊rt ❛✐r❝r❛❢t✱ ❋✲✶✺✱ ❋✲✶✻✱ ❋✲✶✜✱ ❛♥❞ ❋✲✶✶✌ ✜❣❀t❡r ❛✐r❝r❛❢t✱ ▲❆◆❚■❘◆✱ ❯✲✷ ❛✐r❝r❛❢t✱ ❊✲✞ ❙❡♥tr② ❆❲❆❈❙ ❛✐r❝r❛❢t✱ ❙♣❡❝✐❛❧ ❖♣❡r❛t✐♊♥s ❋♩r❝❡s✱ ◆❛✈② ❆❊●■❙ ❝r✉✐s❡rs✱ ❆r♠② ▌✉❧t✐♣❧❡ ▲❛✉♥❝❀ ❘♊❝❊❡t ❙②st❡♠ ✭▌▲❘❙✮✱ ❆r♠② ❯❍✲✻✵ ❇❧❛❝❊❀❛✇❊ ❀❡❧✐❝♊♣t❡rs✱ ❋✲✶✵✵✱ ❋✶✶✌✱ ❋✶✶✟ ❥❡t ❡♥❣✐♥❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❘▲✲✶✵ r♊❝❊❡t ❡♥❣✐♥❡s✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✶✜ ✮ ✜✜

  14. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ❚❀❡ ❱❡r② ❋✐rst ❖♥❡s ✶ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆ ❆▲●❖▲ ❆▲●❖▲ ✺✜ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ❆▲●❖▲ ❲ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜ ❈❖❇❖▲ ❚❀❡ ❙❡❝♊♥❞ ❲❛✈❡ ✷ ❚❀❡ ❋✐♥❛❧❡ ✾ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✶✟ ✮ ✜✜

  15. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ P❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥ts ❛t ❍❖P▲✱ ✶✟✌✹ ❋✐❣✉r❡✿ ❏♊❀♥ ▌❛❝ ❈❛rt❀②✱ ❋r✐t③ ❇❛✉❡r✱ ❏♊❡ ❲❡❣st❡✐♥✳ ❇♩tt♩♠ r♊✇✿ ❏♊❀♥ ❇❛❝❩✉s✱ P❡t❡r ◆❛✉r✱ ❆❧❛♥ P❡r❧✐s ❬▌❛❝ ❈❛rt❀②✱ ✷✵✵✻❪ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✵ ✮ ✜✜

  16. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ◆♊✈❡❧t✐❡s ❯s❡ ♊❢ ❇◆❋ t♩ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ t❀❡ s②♥t❛① ■♥❢♊r♠❛❧ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❇❧♩❝❩ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s ❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❝♊♥tr♩❧ ✢♊✇ ✭ ✐❢ ✱ ❢♊r ✳✳✳✮ ❘❡❝✉rs✐✈✐t② ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✶ ✮ ✜✜

  17. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ◆♊✈❡❧t✐❡s ❯s❡ ♊❢ ❇◆❋ t♩ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ t❀❡ s②♥t❛① ■♥❢♊r♠❛❧ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❇❧♩❝❩ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s ❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❝♊♥tr♩❧ ✢♊✇ ✭ ✐❢ ✱ ❢♊r ✳✳✳✮ ❘❡❝✉rs✐✈✐t② ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✶ ✮ ✜✜

  18. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ◆♊✈❡❧t✐❡s ❯s❡ ♊❢ ❇◆❋ t♩ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ t❀❡ s②♥t❛① ■♥❢♊r♠❛❧ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❇❧♩❝❩ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s ❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❝♊♥tr♩❧ ✢♊✇ ✭ ✐❢ ✱ ❢♊r ✳✳✳✮ ❘❡❝✉rs✐✈✐t② ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✶ ✮ ✜✜

  19. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ◆♊✈❡❧t✐❡s ❯s❡ ♊❢ ❇◆❋ t♩ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ t❀❡ s②♥t❛① ■♥❢♊r♠❛❧ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❇❧♩❝❩ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s ❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❝♊♥tr♩❧ ✢♊✇ ✭ ✐❢ ✱ ❢♊r ✳✳✳✮ ❘❡❝✉rs✐✈✐t② ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✶ ✮ ✜✜

  20. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ◆♊✈❡❧t✐❡s ❯s❡ ♊❢ ❇◆❋ t♩ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ t❀❡ s②♥t❛① ■♥❢♊r♠❛❧ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❇❧♩❝❩ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s ❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❝♊♥tr♩❧ ✢♊✇ ✭ ✐❢ ✱ ❢♊r ✳✳✳✮ ❘❡❝✉rs✐✈✐t② ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✶ ✮ ✜✜

  21. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ◆♊✈❡❧t✐❡s ❯s❡ ♊❢ ❇◆❋ t♩ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ t❀❡ s②♥t❛① ■♥❢♊r♠❛❧ s❡♠❛♥t✐❝s ❇❧♩❝❩ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s ❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❝♊♥tr♩❧ ✢♊✇ ✭ ✐❢ ✱ ❢♊r ✳✳✳✮ ❘❡❝✉rs✐✈✐t② ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✶ ✮ ✜✜

  22. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ❖♥❡ s②♥t❛①✱ t❀r❡❡ ❧❡①✐❝s ❬▌♊❀r✱ ✷✵✵✹❪ ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✭✉s❡❞ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❆▲●❖▲✲✻✵ ❘❡♣♊rt✮ ❛❬✐✰✶❪ ✿❂ ✭❛❬✐❪ ✰ ♣✐ ① r✂✷✮ ✮ ✻✳✵✷ ✶✵ ✷✞❀ P✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ a i + ✶ ← { a i + π × r ✷ } / ✻ . ✵✷ × ✶✵ ✷✞ ❀ ❍❛r❞✇❛r❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✕ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ❛❬✐✰✶❪ ✿❂ ✭❛❬✐❪ ✰ ♣✐ ✯ r❫✷✮ ✮ ✻✳✵✷❊✷✞❀ ♩r ❛✭✎✐✰✶✎✮ ✿❂ ✭❛✭✎✐✎✮ ✰ ♣✐ ✯ r ✯✯ ✷✮ ✮ ✻✱✵✷❡✷✞❀ ♩r ❆✭✳■✰✶✳✮ ✳❂ ✭❆✭✳■✳✮ ✰ P■ ✯ ❘ ✬P❖❲❊❘✬ ✷✮ ✮ ✻✳✵✷✬✷✞✳✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✷ ✮ ✜✜

  23. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ❖♥❡ s②♥t❛①✱ t❀r❡❡ ❧❡①✐❝s ❬▌♊❀r✱ ✷✵✵✹❪ ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✭✉s❡❞ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❆▲●❖▲✲✻✵ ❘❡♣♊rt✮ ❛❬✐✰✶❪ ✿❂ ✭❛❬✐❪ ✰ ♣✐ ① r✂✷✮ ✮ ✻✳✵✷ ✶✵ ✷✞❀ P✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ a i + ✶ ← { a i + π × r ✷ } / ✻ . ✵✷ × ✶✵ ✷✞ ❀ ❍❛r❞✇❛r❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✕ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ❛❬✐✰✶❪ ✿❂ ✭❛❬✐❪ ✰ ♣✐ ✯ r❫✷✮ ✮ ✻✳✵✷❊✷✞❀ ♩r ❛✭✎✐✰✶✎✮ ✿❂ ✭❛✭✎✐✎✮ ✰ ♣✐ ✯ r ✯✯ ✷✮ ✮ ✻✱✵✷❡✷✞❀ ♩r ❆✭✳■✰✶✳✮ ✳❂ ✭❆✭✳■✳✮ ✰ P■ ✯ ❘ ✬P❖❲❊❘✬ ✷✮ ✮ ✻✳✵✷✬✷✞✳✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✷ ✮ ✜✜

  24. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ❖♥❡ s②♥t❛①✱ t❀r❡❡ ❧❡①✐❝s ❬▌♊❀r✱ ✷✵✵✹❪ ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✭✉s❡❞ ✐♥ t❀❡ ❆▲●❖▲✲✻✵ ❘❡♣♊rt✮ ❛❬✐✰✶❪ ✿❂ ✭❛❬✐❪ ✰ ♣✐ ① r✂✷✮ ✮ ✻✳✵✷ ✶✵ ✷✞❀ P✉❜❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ a i + ✶ ← { a i + π × r ✷ } / ✻ . ✵✷ × ✶✵ ✷✞ ❀ ❍❛r❞✇❛r❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ✕ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ❛❬✐✰✶❪ ✿❂ ✭❛❬✐❪ ✰ ♣✐ ✯ r❫✷✮ ✮ ✻✳✵✷❊✷✞❀ ♩r ❛✭✎✐✰✶✎✮ ✿❂ ✭❛✭✎✐✎✮ ✰ ♣✐ ✯ r ✯✯ ✷✮ ✮ ✻✱✵✷❡✷✞❀ ♩r ❆✭✳■✰✶✳✮ ✳❂ ✭❆✭✳■✳✮ ✰ P■ ✯ ❘ ✬P❖❲❊❘✬ ✷✮ ✮ ✻✳✵✷✬✷✞✳✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✷ ✮ ✜✜

  25. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ❋♩r ▲♊♊♣s ❢♊r ❧♊♊♣ s②♥t❛① ❁❢♊r st❛t❡♠❡♥t❃ ✿✿❂ ❁❢♊r ❝❧❛✉s❡❃ ❁st❛t❡♠❡♥t❃ â‘€ ❁❧❛❜❡❧❃✿ ❁❢♊r st❛t❡♠❡♥t❃ ❁❢♊r ❝❧❛✉s❡❃ ✿✿❂ ❢♊r ❁✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡❃ ✿❂ ❁❢♊r ❧✐st❃ ❞♩ ❁❢♊r ❧✐st❃ ✿✿❂ ❁❢♊r ❧✐st ❡❧❡♠❡♥t❃ â‘€ ❁❢♊r ❧✐st❃ ✱ ❁❢♊r ❧✐st ❡❧❡♠❡♥t❃ ❁❢♊r ❧✐st ❡❧❡♠❡♥t❃ ✿✿❂ ❁❛r✐t❀♠❡t✐❝ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥❃ â‘€ ❁❛r✐t❀♠❡t✐❝ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥❃ st❡♣ ❁❛r✐t❀♠❡t✐❝ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥❃ ✉♥t✐❧ ❁❛r✐t❀♠❡t✐❝ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥❃ â‘€ ❁❛r✐t❀♠❡t✐❝ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥❃ ✇❀✐❧❡ ❁❇♊♊❧❡❛♥ ❡①♣r❡ss✐♊♥❃ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✞ ✮ ✜✜

  26. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ❋♩r ▲♊♊♣s ❢♊r st❡♣ ✉♥t✐❧ ❢♊r ✐ ✿❂ ✶ st❡♣ ✷ ✉♥t✐❧ ◆ ❞♩ ❛❬✐❪ ✿❂ ❜❬✐❪❀ ❢♊r ✇❀✐❧❡ ❢♊r ♥❡✇●✉❡ss ✿❂ ■♠♣r♊✈❡ ✭♊❧❞●✉❡ss✮ ✇❀✐❧❡ ❛❜s ✭♥❡✇●✉❡ss ✲ ♊❧❞●✉❡ss✮ ❃ ✵✳✵✵✵✶ ❞♩ ♊❧❞●✉❡ss ✿❂ ♥❡✇●✉❡ss❀ ❢♊r ❡♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♊♥s ❢♊r ❞❛②s ✿❂ ✞✶✱ ✐❢ ♠♩❞✭ ②❡❛r✱ ✹ ✮ ❂ ✵ t❀❡♥ ✷✟ ❡❧s❡ ✷✜✱ ✞✶✱ ✞✵✱ ✞✶✱ ✞✵✱ ✞✶✱ ✞✶✱ ✞✵✱ ✞✶✱ ✞✵✱ ✞✶ ❞♩ ✳ ✳ ✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✹ ✮ ✜✜

  27. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ❋♩r ▲♊♊♣s ❢♊r st❡♣ ✉♥t✐❧ ❢♊r ✐ ✿❂ ✶ st❡♣ ✷ ✉♥t✐❧ ◆ ❞♩ ❛❬✐❪ ✿❂ ❜❬✐❪❀ ❢♊r ✇❀✐❧❡ ❢♊r ♥❡✇●✉❡ss ✿❂ ■♠♣r♊✈❡ ✭♊❧❞●✉❡ss✮ ✇❀✐❧❡ ❛❜s ✭♥❡✇●✉❡ss ✲ ♊❧❞●✉❡ss✮ ❃ ✵✳✵✵✵✶ ❞♩ ♊❧❞●✉❡ss ✿❂ ♥❡✇●✉❡ss❀ ❢♊r ❡♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♊♥s ❢♊r ❞❛②s ✿❂ ✞✶✱ ✐❢ ♠♩❞✭ ②❡❛r✱ ✹ ✮ ❂ ✵ t❀❡♥ ✷✟ ❡❧s❡ ✷✜✱ ✞✶✱ ✞✵✱ ✞✶✱ ✞✵✱ ✞✶✱ ✞✶✱ ✞✵✱ ✞✶✱ ✞✵✱ ✞✶ ❞♩ ✳ ✳ ✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✹ ✮ ✜✜

  28. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ❋♩r ▲♊♊♣s ❢♊r st❡♣ ✉♥t✐❧ ❢♊r ✐ ✿❂ ✶ st❡♣ ✷ ✉♥t✐❧ ◆ ❞♩ ❛❬✐❪ ✿❂ ❜❬✐❪❀ ❢♊r ✇❀✐❧❡ ❢♊r ♥❡✇●✉❡ss ✿❂ ■♠♣r♊✈❡ ✭♊❧❞●✉❡ss✮ ✇❀✐❧❡ ❛❜s ✭♥❡✇●✉❡ss ✲ ♊❧❞●✉❡ss✮ ❃ ✵✳✵✵✵✶ ❞♩ ♊❧❞●✉❡ss ✿❂ ♥❡✇●✉❡ss❀ ❢♊r ❡♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♊♥s ❢♊r ❞❛②s ✿❂ ✞✶✱ ✐❢ ♠♩❞✭ ②❡❛r✱ ✹ ✮ ❂ ✵ t❀❡♥ ✷✟ ❡❧s❡ ✷✜✱ ✞✶✱ ✞✵✱ ✞✶✱ ✞✵✱ ✞✶✱ ✞✶✱ ✞✵✱ ✞✶✱ ✞✵✱ ✞✶ ❞♩ ✳ ✳ ✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✹ ✮ ✜✜

  29. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ❋♩r ▲♊♊♣s ❢♊r ❝♊♠♣❧❡t❡ ❢♊r ✐ ✿❂ ✞✱ ✌✱ ✶✶ st❡♣ ✶ ✉♥t✐❧ ✶✻✱ ✐ ✮ ✷ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✐ ❃❂ ✶✱ ✷ st❡♣ ✐ ✉♥t✐❧ ✞✷ ❞♩ ♣r✐♥t ✭✐✮❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✺ ✮ ✜✜

  30. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲♊ss ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆ ✇❛s ♊❝❝✉♣②✐♥❣ t♩♩ ♠✉❝❀ r♩♩♠ ❘✐❝❀❡r t❀❛♥ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ s♩ ♠♩r❡ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t ■❇▌ tr✐❡❞ t♩ ✐♠♣♊s❡ ❆▲●❖▲✱ ❜✉t ❝❧✐❡♥ts r❡❢✉s❡❞✱ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ t❀r❡❛t❡♥❡❞ ■❇▌ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡rs ✇❡r❡ ♠♩r❡ ❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❛♥❞ s♠❛❧❧❡r ◆♩ st❛♥❞❛r❞✐③❡❞ ■✮❖ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✻ ✮ ✜✜

  31. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲♊ss ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆ ✇❛s ♊❝❝✉♣②✐♥❣ t♩♩ ♠✉❝❀ r♩♩♠ ❘✐❝❀❡r t❀❛♥ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ s♩ ♠♩r❡ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t ■❇▌ tr✐❡❞ t♩ ✐♠♣♊s❡ ❆▲●❖▲✱ ❜✉t ❝❧✐❡♥ts r❡❢✉s❡❞✱ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ t❀r❡❛t❡♥❡❞ ■❇▌ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡rs ✇❡r❡ ♠♩r❡ ❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❛♥❞ s♠❛❧❧❡r ◆♩ st❛♥❞❛r❞✐③❡❞ ■✮❖ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✻ ✮ ✜✜

  32. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲♊ss ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆ ✇❛s ♊❝❝✉♣②✐♥❣ t♩♩ ♠✉❝❀ r♩♩♠ ❘✐❝❀❡r t❀❛♥ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ s♩ ♠♩r❡ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t ■❇▌ tr✐❡❞ t♩ ✐♠♣♊s❡ ❆▲●❖▲✱ ❜✉t ❝❧✐❡♥ts r❡❢✉s❡❞✱ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ t❀r❡❛t❡♥❡❞ ■❇▌ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡rs ✇❡r❡ ♠♩r❡ ❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❛♥❞ s♠❛❧❧❡r ◆♩ st❛♥❞❛r❞✐③❡❞ ■✮❖ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✻ ✮ ✜✜

  33. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲♊ss ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆ ✇❛s ♊❝❝✉♣②✐♥❣ t♩♩ ♠✉❝❀ r♩♩♠ ❘✐❝❀❡r t❀❛♥ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ s♩ ♠♩r❡ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t ■❇▌ tr✐❡❞ t♩ ✐♠♣♊s❡ ❆▲●❖▲✱ ❜✉t ❝❧✐❡♥ts r❡❢✉s❡❞✱ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ t❀r❡❛t❡♥❡❞ ■❇▌ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡rs ✇❡r❡ ♠♩r❡ ❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❛♥❞ s♠❛❧❧❡r ◆♩ st❛♥❞❛r❞✐③❡❞ ■✮❖ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✻ ✮ ✜✜

  34. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲♊ss ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆ ✇❛s ♊❝❝✉♣②✐♥❣ t♩♩ ♠✉❝❀ r♩♩♠ ❘✐❝❀❡r t❀❛♥ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ s♩ ♠♩r❡ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t ■❇▌ tr✐❡❞ t♩ ✐♠♣♊s❡ ❆▲●❖▲✱ ❜✉t ❝❧✐❡♥ts r❡❢✉s❡❞✱ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❡♥ t❀r❡❛t❡♥❡❞ ■❇▌ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡rs ✇❡r❡ ♠♩r❡ ❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❛♥❞ s♠❛❧❧❡r ◆♩ st❛♥❞❛r❞✐③❡❞ ■✮❖ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✻ ✮ ✜✜

  35. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ❜❡❣✐♥ ❝♊♠♠❡♥t ❚❀❡ ♠❡❛♥ ♊❢ ♥✉♠❜❡rs ❛♥❞ t❀❡ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♊❢ ❣r❡❛t❡r ✈❛❧✉❡s❀ ✐♥t❡❣❡r ♥❀ r❡❛❞✭♥✮❀ ❜❡❣✐♥ r❡❛❧ ❛rr❛② ❛❬✶✿♥❪❀ ✐♥t❡❣❡r ✐✱ ♥✉♠❜❡r❀ r❡❛❧ s✉♠✱ ♠❡❛♥❀ ❢♊r ✐ ✿❂ ✶ st❡♣ ✶ ✉♥t✐❧ ♥ ❞♩ r❡❛❞ ✭❛❬✐❪✮❀ s✉♠ ✿❂ ✵❀ ❢♊r ✐ ✿❂ ✶ st❡♣ ✶ ✉♥t✐❧ ♥ ❞♩ s✉♠ ✿❂ s✉♠ ✰ ❛❬✐❪❀ ♠❡❛♥ ✿❂ s✉♠ ✮ ♥❀ ♥✉♠❜❡r ✿❂ ✵❀ ❢♊r ✐ ✿❂ ✶ st❡♣ ✶ ✉♥t✐❧ ♥ ❞♩ ✐❢ ❛❬✐❪ ❃ ♠❡❛♥ t❀❡♥ ♥✉♠❜❡r ✿❂ ♥✉♠❜❡r ✰ ✶❀ ✇r✐t❡ ✭✧▌❡❛♥ ❂ ✧✱ ♠❡❛♥✱ ✧◆✉♠❜❡r s✉♣s ❂ ✧✱ ♥✉♠❜❡r✮❀ ❡♥❞ ❡♥❞ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✌ ✮ ✜✜

  36. ✏ ❍❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ s♩ ❢❛r ❛❀❡❛❞ ♊❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ t❀❛t ✐t ✇❛s ♥♊t ♊♥❧② ❛♥ ✐♠♣r♊✈❡♠❡♥t ♊♥ ✐ts ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♩rs ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ♊♥ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ✐ts s✉❝❝❡ss♩rs✳ ✖ ❈✳❆✳❘✳ ❍♩❛r❡ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲❡❣❛❝② ❜❧♊❝❊✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ t❡r♠✱ ❢❛❝t♩r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ st❡♣ ✱ ✉♥t✐❧ ✱ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✱ ✐❢ t❀❡♥ ❡❧s❡ ✱ t②♣❡❞ ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s✱ ❜♊✉♥❞ ♣❛✐r✱ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡✱ ❞✐s♣❧❛② st❛❝❩ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s✱ t❀✉♥❊s✱ ♊✇♥ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ s✐❞❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♣❛rs❡r✳ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✜ ✮ ✜✜

  37. ✏ ❍❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ s♩ ❢❛r ❛❀❡❛❞ ♊❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ t❀❛t ✐t ✇❛s ♥♊t ♊♥❧② ❛♥ ✐♠♣r♊✈❡♠❡♥t ♊♥ ✐ts ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♩rs ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ♊♥ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ✐ts s✉❝❝❡ss♩rs✳ ✖ ❈✳❆✳❘✳ ❍♩❛r❡ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲❡❣❛❝② ❜❧♊❝❊✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ t❡r♠✱ ❢❛❝t♩r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ st❡♣ ✱ ✉♥t✐❧ ✱ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✱ ✐❢ t❀❡♥ ❡❧s❡ ✱ t②♣❡❞ ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s✱ ❜♊✉♥❞ ♣❛✐r✱ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡✱ ❞✐s♣❧❛② st❛❝❩ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s✱ t❀✉♥❊s✱ ♊✇♥ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ s✐❞❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♣❛rs❡r✳ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✜ ✮ ✜✜

  38. ✏ ❍❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ s♩ ❢❛r ❛❀❡❛❞ ♊❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ t❀❛t ✐t ✇❛s ♥♊t ♊♥❧② ❛♥ ✐♠♣r♊✈❡♠❡♥t ♊♥ ✐ts ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♩rs ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ♊♥ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ✐ts s✉❝❝❡ss♩rs✳ ✖ ❈✳❆✳❘✳ ❍♩❛r❡ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲❡❣❛❝② ❜❧♊❝❊✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ t❡r♠✱ ❢❛❝t♩r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ st❡♣ ✱ ✉♥t✐❧ ✱ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✱ ✐❢ t❀❡♥ ❡❧s❡ ✱ t②♣❡❞ ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s✱ ❜♊✉♥❞ ♣❛✐r✱ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡✱ ❞✐s♣❧❛② st❛❝❩ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s✱ t❀✉♥❊s✱ ♊✇♥ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ s✐❞❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♣❛rs❡r✳ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✜ ✮ ✜✜

  39. ✏ ❍❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ s♩ ❢❛r ❛❀❡❛❞ ♊❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ t❀❛t ✐t ✇❛s ♥♊t ♊♥❧② ❛♥ ✐♠♣r♊✈❡♠❡♥t ♊♥ ✐ts ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♩rs ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ♊♥ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ✐ts s✉❝❝❡ss♩rs✳ ✖ ❈✳❆✳❘✳ ❍♩❛r❡ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲❡❣❛❝② ❜❧♊❝❊✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ t❡r♠✱ ❢❛❝t♩r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ st❡♣ ✱ ✉♥t✐❧ ✱ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✱ ✐❢ t❀❡♥ ❡❧s❡ ✱ t②♣❡❞ ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s✱ ❜♊✉♥❞ ♣❛✐r✱ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡✱ ❞✐s♣❧❛② st❛❝❩ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s✱ t❀✉♥❊s✱ ♊✇♥ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ s✐❞❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♣❛rs❡r✳ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✜ ✮ ✜✜

  40. ✏ ❍❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ s♩ ❢❛r ❛❀❡❛❞ ♊❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ t❀❛t ✐t ✇❛s ♥♊t ♊♥❧② ❛♥ ✐♠♣r♊✈❡♠❡♥t ♊♥ ✐ts ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♩rs ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ♊♥ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ✐ts s✉❝❝❡ss♩rs✳ ✖ ❈✳❆✳❘✳ ❍♩❛r❡ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲❡❣❛❝② ❜❧♊❝❊✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ t❡r♠✱ ❢❛❝t♩r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ st❡♣ ✱ ✉♥t✐❧ ✱ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✱ ✐❢ t❀❡♥ ❡❧s❡ ✱ t②♣❡❞ ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s✱ ❜♊✉♥❞ ♣❛✐r✱ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡✱ ❞✐s♣❧❛② st❛❝❩ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s✱ t❀✉♥❊s✱ ♊✇♥ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ s✐❞❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♣❛rs❡r✳ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✜ ✮ ✜✜

  41. ✏ ❍❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ s♩ ❢❛r ❛❀❡❛❞ ♊❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ t❀❛t ✐t ✇❛s ♥♊t ♊♥❧② ❛♥ ✐♠♣r♊✈❡♠❡♥t ♊♥ ✐ts ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♩rs ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ♊♥ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ✐ts s✉❝❝❡ss♩rs✳ ✖ ❈✳❆✳❘✳ ❍♩❛r❡ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲❡❣❛❝② ❜❧♊❝❊✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ t❡r♠✱ ❢❛❝t♩r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ st❡♣ ✱ ✉♥t✐❧ ✱ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✱ ✐❢ t❀❡♥ ❡❧s❡ ✱ t②♣❡❞ ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s✱ ❜♊✉♥❞ ♣❛✐r✱ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡✱ ❞✐s♣❧❛② st❛❝❩ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s✱ t❀✉♥❊s✱ ♊✇♥ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ s✐❞❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♣❛rs❡r✳ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✜ ✮ ✜✜

  42. ✏ ❍❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ s♩ ❢❛r ❛❀❡❛❞ ♊❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ t❀❛t ✐t ✇❛s ♥♊t ♊♥❧② ❛♥ ✐♠♣r♊✈❡♠❡♥t ♊♥ ✐ts ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♩rs ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ♊♥ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ✐ts s✉❝❝❡ss♩rs✳ ✖ ❈✳❆✳❘✳ ❍♩❛r❡ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲❡❣❛❝② ❜❧♊❝❊✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ t❡r♠✱ ❢❛❝t♩r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ st❡♣ ✱ ✉♥t✐❧ ✱ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✱ ✐❢ t❀❡♥ ❡❧s❡ ✱ t②♣❡❞ ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s✱ ❜♊✉♥❞ ♣❛✐r✱ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡✱ ❞✐s♣❧❛② st❛❝❩ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s✱ t❀✉♥❊s✱ ♊✇♥ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ s✐❞❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♣❛rs❡r✳ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✜ ✮ ✜✜

  43. ✏ ❍❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ s♩ ❢❛r ❛❀❡❛❞ ♊❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ t❀❛t ✐t ✇❛s ♥♊t ♊♥❧② ❛♥ ✐♠♣r♊✈❡♠❡♥t ♊♥ ✐ts ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♩rs ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ♊♥ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ✐ts s✉❝❝❡ss♩rs✳ ✖ ❈✳❆✳❘✳ ❍♩❛r❡ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲❡❣❛❝② ❜❧♊❝❊✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ t❡r♠✱ ❢❛❝t♩r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ st❡♣ ✱ ✉♥t✐❧ ✱ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✱ ✐❢ t❀❡♥ ❡❧s❡ ✱ t②♣❡❞ ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s✱ ❜♊✉♥❞ ♣❛✐r✱ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡✱ ❞✐s♣❧❛② st❛❝❩ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s✱ t❀✉♥❊s✱ ♊✇♥ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ s✐❞❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♣❛rs❡r✳ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✜ ✮ ✜✜

  44. ✏ ❍❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ s♩ ❢❛r ❛❀❡❛❞ ♊❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ t❀❛t ✐t ✇❛s ♥♊t ♊♥❧② ❛♥ ✐♠♣r♊✈❡♠❡♥t ♊♥ ✐ts ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♩rs ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ♊♥ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ✐ts s✉❝❝❡ss♩rs✳ ✖ ❈✳❆✳❘✳ ❍♩❛r❡ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲❡❣❛❝② ❜❧♊❝❊✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ t❡r♠✱ ❢❛❝t♩r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ st❡♣ ✱ ✉♥t✐❧ ✱ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✱ ✐❢ t❀❡♥ ❡❧s❡ ✱ t②♣❡❞ ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s✱ ❜♊✉♥❞ ♣❛✐r✱ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡✱ ❞✐s♣❧❛② st❛❝❩ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s✱ t❀✉♥❊s✱ ♊✇♥ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ s✐❞❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♣❛rs❡r✳ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✜ ✮ ✜✜

  45. ✏ ❍❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ s♩ ❢❛r ❛❀❡❛❞ ♊❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ t❀❛t ✐t ✇❛s ♥♊t ♊♥❧② ❛♥ ✐♠♣r♊✈❡♠❡♥t ♊♥ ✐ts ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♩rs ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ♊♥ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ✐ts s✉❝❝❡ss♩rs✳ ✖ ❈✳❆✳❘✳ ❍♩❛r❡ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲❡❣❛❝② ❜❧♊❝❊✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ t❡r♠✱ ❢❛❝t♩r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ st❡♣ ✱ ✉♥t✐❧ ✱ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✱ ✐❢ t❀❡♥ ❡❧s❡ ✱ t②♣❡❞ ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s✱ ❜♊✉♥❞ ♣❛✐r✱ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡✱ ❞✐s♣❧❛② st❛❝❩ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s✱ t❀✉♥❊s✱ ♊✇♥ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ s✐❞❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♣❛rs❡r✳ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✜ ✮ ✜✜

  46. ✏ ❍❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ s♩ ❢❛r ❛❀❡❛❞ ♊❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ t❀❛t ✐t ✇❛s ♥♊t ♊♥❧② ❛♥ ✐♠♣r♊✈❡♠❡♥t ♊♥ ✐ts ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♩rs ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ♊♥ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ✐ts s✉❝❝❡ss♩rs✳ ✖ ❈✳❆✳❘✳ ❍♩❛r❡ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲❡❣❛❝② ❜❧♊❝❊✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ t❡r♠✱ ❢❛❝t♩r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ st❡♣ ✱ ✉♥t✐❧ ✱ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✱ ✐❢ t❀❡♥ ❡❧s❡ ✱ t②♣❡❞ ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s✱ ❜♊✉♥❞ ♣❛✐r✱ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡✱ ❞✐s♣❧❛② st❛❝❩ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s✱ t❀✉♥❊s✱ ♊✇♥ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ s✐❞❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♣❛rs❡r✳ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✜ ✮ ✜✜

  47. ✏ ❍❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ s♩ ❢❛r ❛❀❡❛❞ ♊❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ t❀❛t ✐t ✇❛s ♥♊t ♊♥❧② ❛♥ ✐♠♣r♊✈❡♠❡♥t ♊♥ ✐ts ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♩rs ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ♊♥ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ✐ts s✉❝❝❡ss♩rs✳ ✖ ❈✳❆✳❘✳ ❍♩❛r❡ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲❡❣❛❝② ❜❧♊❝❊✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ t❡r♠✱ ❢❛❝t♩r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ st❡♣ ✱ ✉♥t✐❧ ✱ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✱ ✐❢ t❀❡♥ ❡❧s❡ ✱ t②♣❡❞ ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s✱ ❜♊✉♥❞ ♣❛✐r✱ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡✱ ❞✐s♣❧❛② st❛❝❩ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s✱ t❀✉♥❊s✱ ♊✇♥ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ s✐❞❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♣❛rs❡r✳ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✜ ✮ ✜✜

  48. ✏ ❍❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ s♩ ❢❛r ❛❀❡❛❞ ♊❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ t❀❛t ✐t ✇❛s ♥♊t ♊♥❧② ❛♥ ✐♠♣r♊✈❡♠❡♥t ♊♥ ✐ts ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♩rs ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ♊♥ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ✐ts s✉❝❝❡ss♩rs✳ ✖ ❈✳❆✳❘✳ ❍♩❛r❡ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲❡❣❛❝② ❜❧♊❝❊✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ t❡r♠✱ ❢❛❝t♩r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ st❡♣ ✱ ✉♥t✐❧ ✱ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✱ ✐❢ t❀❡♥ ❡❧s❡ ✱ t②♣❡❞ ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s✱ ❜♊✉♥❞ ♣❛✐r✱ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡✱ ❞✐s♣❧❛② st❛❝❩ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s✱ t❀✉♥❊s✱ ♊✇♥ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ s✐❞❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♣❛rs❡r✳ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✜ ✮ ✜✜

  49. ✏ ❍❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ s♩ ❢❛r ❛❀❡❛❞ ♊❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ t❀❛t ✐t ✇❛s ♥♊t ♊♥❧② ❛♥ ✐♠♣r♊✈❡♠❡♥t ♊♥ ✐ts ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♩rs ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ♊♥ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ✐ts s✉❝❝❡ss♩rs✳ ✖ ❈✳❆✳❘✳ ❍♩❛r❡ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲❡❣❛❝② ❜❧♊❝❊✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ t❡r♠✱ ❢❛❝t♩r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ st❡♣ ✱ ✉♥t✐❧ ✱ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✱ ✐❢ t❀❡♥ ❡❧s❡ ✱ t②♣❡❞ ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s✱ ❜♊✉♥❞ ♣❛✐r✱ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡✱ ❞✐s♣❧❛② st❛❝❩ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s✱ t❀✉♥❊s✱ ♊✇♥ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ s✐❞❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♣❛rs❡r✳ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✜ ✮ ✜✜

  50. ✏ ❍❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ s♩ ❢❛r ❛❀❡❛❞ ♊❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ t❀❛t ✐t ✇❛s ♥♊t ♊♥❧② ❛♥ ✐♠♣r♊✈❡♠❡♥t ♊♥ ✐ts ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♩rs ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ♊♥ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ✐ts s✉❝❝❡ss♩rs✳ ✖ ❈✳❆✳❘✳ ❍♩❛r❡ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲❡❣❛❝② ❜❧♊❝❊✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ t❡r♠✱ ❢❛❝t♩r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ st❡♣ ✱ ✉♥t✐❧ ✱ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✱ ✐❢ t❀❡♥ ❡❧s❡ ✱ t②♣❡❞ ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s✱ ❜♊✉♥❞ ♣❛✐r✱ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡✱ ❞✐s♣❧❛② st❛❝❩ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s✱ t❀✉♥❊s✱ ♊✇♥ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ s✐❞❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♣❛rs❡r✳ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✜ ✮ ✜✜

  51. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵✿ ▲❡❣❛❝② ❜❧♊❝❊✱ ♣r✐♠❛r②✱ t❡r♠✱ ❢❛❝t♩r✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ ❝❛❧❧ ❜② ♥❛♠❡✱ st❡♣ ✱ ✉♥t✐❧ ✱ ✇❀✐❧❡ ✱ ✐❢ t❀❡♥ ❡❧s❡ ✱ t②♣❡❞ ♣r♊❝❡❞✉r❡s✱ ❜♊✉♥❞ ♣❛✐r✱ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡✱ ❞✐s♣❧❛② st❛❝❩ t❡❝❀♥✐q✉❡✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❛rr❛②s✱ t❀✉♥❊s✱ ♊✇♥ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ❛❝t✐✈❛t✐♊♥ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ s✐❞❡ ❡✛❡❝ts✱ r❡❝✉rs✐✈❡ ❞❡s❝❡♥t ♣❛rs❡r✳ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✱ ✏ ❍❡r❡ ✐s ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ s♩ ❢❛r ❛❀❡❛❞ ♊❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ t❀❛t ✐t ✇❛s ♥♊t ♊♥❧② ❛♥ ✐♠♣r♊✈❡♠❡♥t ♊♥ ✐ts ♣r❡❞❡❝❡ss♩rs ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ♊♥ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ✐ts s✉❝❝❡ss♩rs✳ ✖ ❈✳❆✳❘✳ ❍♩❛r❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✜ ✮ ✜✜

  52. ❆▲●❖▲ ❲ ❚❀❡ ❱❡r② ❋✐rst ❖♥❡s ✶ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆ ❆▲●❖▲ ❆▲●❖▲ ✺✜ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ❆▲●❖▲ ❲ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜ ❈❖❇❖▲ ❚❀❡ ❙❡❝♊♥❞ ❲❛✈❡ ✷ ❚❀❡ ❋✐♥❛❧❡ ✾ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✷✟ ✮ ✜✜

  53. ❆▲●❖▲ ❲ ◆✐❩❧❛✉s ❲✐rt❀✱ ✶✟✻✻✿ ❆❣r❡❣❛t❡s ✭r❡❝♊r❞s✱ str✉❝t✉r❡s✮ ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s ✭❀❡♥❝❡ ❧✐sts✱ tr❡❡s✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❙♣❧✐t ❢♊r ✐♥t♩ ❢♊r ❛♥❞ ✇❀✐❧❡ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝❛s❡ ✭ s✇✐t❝❀ ✮ ❈❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ r❡s✉❧t✱ ✈❛❧✉❡✲r❡s✉❧t ◆❡✇ t②♣❡s ❧♊♥❣ r❡❛❧ ✱ ❝♊♠♣❧❡① ✱ ❜✐ts ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛ss❡rt ❙tr✐♥❣ ♣r♊❝❡ss✐♥❣ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥s ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✵ ✮ ✜✜

  54. ❆▲●❖▲ ❲ ◆✐❩❧❛✉s ❲✐rt❀✱ ✶✟✻✻✿ ❆❣r❡❣❛t❡s ✭r❡❝♊r❞s✱ str✉❝t✉r❡s✮ ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s ✭❀❡♥❝❡ ❧✐sts✱ tr❡❡s✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❙♣❧✐t ❢♊r ✐♥t♩ ❢♊r ❛♥❞ ✇❀✐❧❡ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝❛s❡ ✭ s✇✐t❝❀ ✮ ❈❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ r❡s✉❧t✱ ✈❛❧✉❡✲r❡s✉❧t ◆❡✇ t②♣❡s ❧♊♥❣ r❡❛❧ ✱ ❝♊♠♣❧❡① ✱ ❜✐ts ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛ss❡rt ❙tr✐♥❣ ♣r♊❝❡ss✐♥❣ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥s ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✵ ✮ ✜✜

  55. ❆▲●❖▲ ❲ ◆✐❩❧❛✉s ❲✐rt❀✱ ✶✟✻✻✿ ❆❣r❡❣❛t❡s ✭r❡❝♊r❞s✱ str✉❝t✉r❡s✮ ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s ✭❀❡♥❝❡ ❧✐sts✱ tr❡❡s✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❙♣❧✐t ❢♊r ✐♥t♩ ❢♊r ❛♥❞ ✇❀✐❧❡ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝❛s❡ ✭ s✇✐t❝❀ ✮ ❈❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ r❡s✉❧t✱ ✈❛❧✉❡✲r❡s✉❧t ◆❡✇ t②♣❡s ❧♊♥❣ r❡❛❧ ✱ ❝♊♠♣❧❡① ✱ ❜✐ts ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛ss❡rt ❙tr✐♥❣ ♣r♊❝❡ss✐♥❣ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥s ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✵ ✮ ✜✜

  56. ❆▲●❖▲ ❲ ◆✐❩❧❛✉s ❲✐rt❀✱ ✶✟✻✻✿ ❆❣r❡❣❛t❡s ✭r❡❝♊r❞s✱ str✉❝t✉r❡s✮ ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s ✭❀❡♥❝❡ ❧✐sts✱ tr❡❡s✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❙♣❧✐t ❢♊r ✐♥t♩ ❢♊r ❛♥❞ ✇❀✐❧❡ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝❛s❡ ✭ s✇✐t❝❀ ✮ ❈❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ r❡s✉❧t✱ ✈❛❧✉❡✲r❡s✉❧t ◆❡✇ t②♣❡s ❧♊♥❣ r❡❛❧ ✱ ❝♊♠♣❧❡① ✱ ❜✐ts ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛ss❡rt ❙tr✐♥❣ ♣r♊❝❡ss✐♥❣ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥s ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✵ ✮ ✜✜

  57. ❆▲●❖▲ ❲ ◆✐❩❧❛✉s ❲✐rt❀✱ ✶✟✻✻✿ ❆❣r❡❣❛t❡s ✭r❡❝♊r❞s✱ str✉❝t✉r❡s✮ ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s ✭❀❡♥❝❡ ❧✐sts✱ tr❡❡s✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❙♣❧✐t ❢♊r ✐♥t♩ ❢♊r ❛♥❞ ✇❀✐❧❡ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝❛s❡ ✭ s✇✐t❝❀ ✮ ❈❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ r❡s✉❧t✱ ✈❛❧✉❡✲r❡s✉❧t ◆❡✇ t②♣❡s ❧♊♥❣ r❡❛❧ ✱ ❝♊♠♣❧❡① ✱ ❜✐ts ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛ss❡rt ❙tr✐♥❣ ♣r♊❝❡ss✐♥❣ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥s ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✵ ✮ ✜✜

  58. ❆▲●❖▲ ❲ ◆✐❩❧❛✉s ❲✐rt❀✱ ✶✟✻✻✿ ❆❣r❡❣❛t❡s ✭r❡❝♊r❞s✱ str✉❝t✉r❡s✮ ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s ✭❀❡♥❝❡ ❧✐sts✱ tr❡❡s✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❙♣❧✐t ❢♊r ✐♥t♩ ❢♊r ❛♥❞ ✇❀✐❧❡ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝❛s❡ ✭ s✇✐t❝❀ ✮ ❈❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ r❡s✉❧t✱ ✈❛❧✉❡✲r❡s✉❧t ◆❡✇ t②♣❡s ❧♊♥❣ r❡❛❧ ✱ ❝♊♠♣❧❡① ✱ ❜✐ts ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛ss❡rt ❙tr✐♥❣ ♣r♊❝❡ss✐♥❣ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥s ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✵ ✮ ✜✜

  59. ❆▲●❖▲ ❲ ◆✐❩❧❛✉s ❲✐rt❀✱ ✶✟✻✻✿ ❆❣r❡❣❛t❡s ✭r❡❝♊r❞s✱ str✉❝t✉r❡s✮ ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s ✭❀❡♥❝❡ ❧✐sts✱ tr❡❡s✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❙♣❧✐t ❢♊r ✐♥t♩ ❢♊r ❛♥❞ ✇❀✐❧❡ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝❛s❡ ✭ s✇✐t❝❀ ✮ ❈❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ r❡s✉❧t✱ ✈❛❧✉❡✲r❡s✉❧t ◆❡✇ t②♣❡s ❧♊♥❣ r❡❛❧ ✱ ❝♊♠♣❧❡① ✱ ❜✐ts ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛ss❡rt ❙tr✐♥❣ ♣r♊❝❡ss✐♥❣ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥s ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✵ ✮ ✜✜

  60. ❆▲●❖▲ ❲ ◆✐❩❧❛✉s ❲✐rt❀✱ ✶✟✻✻✿ ❆❣r❡❣❛t❡s ✭r❡❝♊r❞s✱ str✉❝t✉r❡s✮ ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s ✭❀❡♥❝❡ ❧✐sts✱ tr❡❡s✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❙♣❧✐t ❢♊r ✐♥t♩ ❢♊r ❛♥❞ ✇❀✐❧❡ ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❝❛s❡ ✭ s✇✐t❝❀ ✮ ❈❛❧❧ ❜② ✈❛❧✉❡✱ r❡s✉❧t✱ ✈❛❧✉❡✲r❡s✉❧t ◆❡✇ t②♣❡s ❧♊♥❣ r❡❛❧ ✱ ❝♊♠♣❧❡① ✱ ❜✐ts ■♥tr♩❞✉❝t✐♊♥ ♊❢ ❛ss❡rt ❙tr✐♥❣ ♣r♊❝❡ss✐♥❣ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥s ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✵ ✮ ✜✜

  61. ◆✐❩❧❛✉s ❲✐rt❀ ❬❲✐rt❀✱ ✶✟✟✟❪ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✶ ✮ ✜✜

  62. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜ ❚❀❡ ❱❡r② ❋✐rst ❖♥❡s ✶ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆ ❆▲●❖▲ ❆▲●❖▲ ✺✜ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ❆▲●❖▲ ❲ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜ ❈❖❇❖▲ ❚❀❡ ❙❡❝♊♥❞ ❲❛✈❡ ✷ ❚❀❡ ❋✐♥❛❧❡ ✾ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✷ ✮ ✜✜

  63. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜ ❙❛♠♣❧❡s ❬❲✐❊✐♣❡❞✐❛✱ ✷✵✵✺❪ ❆ss✐❣♥♠❡♥ts r❡❛❧ t✇✐❝❡ ♣✐ ❂ ✷ ✯ r❡❛❧ ♣✐ ❂ ✞✳✶✹✶✺✟✷✻❀ ❈♊♠♣❧❡① ❊①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ✭✐♥t s✉♠ ✿❂ ✵❀ ❢♊r ✐ t♩ ◆ ❞♩ s✉♠ ✰✿❂ ❢✭✐✮ ♩❞❀ s✉♠✮ Pr♊❝❡❞✉r❡s ♣r♩❝ ♠❛① ♊❢ r❡❛❧ ✭r❡❛❧ ❛✱ ❜✮ r❡❛❧✿ ✐❢ ❛ ❃ ❜ t❀❡♥ ❛ ❡❧s❡ ❜ ❢✐❀ ❚❡r♥❛r② ❖♣❡r❛t♩r ♣r♩❝ ♠❛① ♊❢ r❡❛❧ ✭r❡❛❧ ❛✱ ❜✮ r❡❛❧✿ ✭❛ ❃ ❜ â‘€ ❛ â‘€ ❜✮❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✾✾ ✮ ✜✜

  64. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜ ❙❛♠♣❧❡s ❬❲✐❊✐♣❡❞✐❛✱ ✷✵✵✺❪ ❆ss✐❣♥♠❡♥ts r❡❛❧ t✇✐❝❡ ♣✐ ❂ ✷ ✯ r❡❛❧ ♣✐ ❂ ✞✳✶✹✶✺✟✷✻❀ ❈♊♠♣❧❡① ❊①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ✭✐♥t s✉♠ ✿❂ ✵❀ ❢♊r ✐ t♩ ◆ ❞♩ s✉♠ ✰✿❂ ❢✭✐✮ ♩❞❀ s✉♠✮ Pr♊❝❡❞✉r❡s ♣r♩❝ ♠❛① ♊❢ r❡❛❧ ✭r❡❛❧ ❛✱ ❜✮ r❡❛❧✿ ✐❢ ❛ ❃ ❜ t❀❡♥ ❛ ❡❧s❡ ❜ ❢✐❀ ❚❡r♥❛r② ❖♣❡r❛t♩r ♣r♩❝ ♠❛① ♊❢ r❡❛❧ ✭r❡❛❧ ❛✱ ❜✮ r❡❛❧✿ ✭❛ ❃ ❜ â‘€ ❛ â‘€ ❜✮❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✾✾ ✮ ✜✜

  65. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜ ❙❛♠♣❧❡s ❬❲✐❊✐♣❡❞✐❛✱ ✷✵✵✺❪ ❆ss✐❣♥♠❡♥ts r❡❛❧ t✇✐❝❡ ♣✐ ❂ ✷ ✯ r❡❛❧ ♣✐ ❂ ✞✳✶✹✶✺✟✷✻❀ ❈♊♠♣❧❡① ❊①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ✭✐♥t s✉♠ ✿❂ ✵❀ ❢♊r ✐ t♩ ◆ ❞♩ s✉♠ ✰✿❂ ❢✭✐✮ ♩❞❀ s✉♠✮ Pr♊❝❡❞✉r❡s ♣r♩❝ ♠❛① ♊❢ r❡❛❧ ✭r❡❛❧ ❛✱ ❜✮ r❡❛❧✿ ✐❢ ❛ ❃ ❜ t❀❡♥ ❛ ❡❧s❡ ❜ ❢✐❀ ❚❡r♥❛r② ❖♣❡r❛t♩r ♣r♩❝ ♠❛① ♊❢ r❡❛❧ ✭r❡❛❧ ❛✱ ❜✮ r❡❛❧✿ ✭❛ ❃ ❜ â‘€ ❛ â‘€ ❜✮❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✾✾ ✮ ✜✜

  66. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜ ❙❛♠♣❧❡s ❬❲✐❊✐♣❡❞✐❛✱ ✷✵✵✺❪ ❆ss✐❣♥♠❡♥ts r❡❛❧ t✇✐❝❡ ♣✐ ❂ ✷ ✯ r❡❛❧ ♣✐ ❂ ✞✳✶✹✶✺✟✷✻❀ ❈♊♠♣❧❡① ❊①♣r❡ss✐♊♥s ✭✐♥t s✉♠ ✿❂ ✵❀ ❢♊r ✐ t♩ ◆ ❞♩ s✉♠ ✰✿❂ ❢✭✐✮ ♩❞❀ s✉♠✮ Pr♊❝❡❞✉r❡s ♣r♩❝ ♠❛① ♊❢ r❡❛❧ ✭r❡❛❧ ❛✱ ❜✮ r❡❛❧✿ ✐❢ ❛ ❃ ❜ t❀❡♥ ❛ ❡❧s❡ ❜ ❢✐❀ ❚❡r♥❛r② ❖♣❡r❛t♩r ♣r♩❝ ♠❛① ♊❢ r❡❛❧ ✭r❡❛❧ ❛✱ ❜✮ r❡❛❧✿ ✭❛ ❃ ❜ â‘€ ❛ â‘€ ❜✮❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✾✾ ✮ ✜✜

  67. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜ ❙❛♠♣❧❡s ❬❲✐❊✐♣❡❞✐❛✱ ✷✵✵✺❪ ❆rr❛②s✱ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥❛❧ ❆r❣✉♠❡♥ts ♣r♩❝ ❛♣♣❧② ✭r❡❢ ❬❪ r❡❛❧ ❛✱ ♣r♩❝ ✭r❡❛❧✮ r❡❛❧ ❢✮✿ ❢♊r ✐ ❢r♩♠ ❧✇❜ ❛ t♩ ✉♣❜ ❛ ❞♩ ❛❬✐❪ ✿❂ ❢✭❛❬✐❪✮ ♩❞❀ ❯s❡r ❉❡✜♥❡❞ ❖♣❡r❛t♩rs ♣r✐♩ ♠❛① ❂ ✟❀ ♊♣ ♠❛① ❂ ✭✐♥t ❛✱❜✮ ✐♥t✿ ✭❛❃❜ â‘€ ❛ â‘€ ❜✮❀ ♊♣ ♠❛① ❂ ✭r❡❛❧ ❛✱❜✮ r❡❛❧✿ ✭❛❃❜ â‘€ ❛ â‘€ ❜✮❀ ♊♣ ♠❛① ❂ ✭❝♊♠♣❧ ❛✱❜✮ ❝♊♠♣❧✿ ✭❛❜s ❛ ❃ ❛❜s ❜ â‘€ ❛ â‘€ ❜✮❀ ♊♣ ♠❛① ❂ ✭❬❪r❡❛❧ ❛✮ r❡❛❧✿ ✭r❡❛❧ ① ✿❂ ✲ ♠❛① r❡❛❧❀ ❢♊r ✐ ❢r♩♠ ❧✇❜ ❛ t♩ ✉♣❜ ❛ ❞♩ ✭❛❬✐❪❃① â‘€ ①✿❂❛❬✐❪✮ ♩❞❀ ①✮❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✹ ✮ ✜✜

  68. ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜ ❙❛♠♣❧❡s ❬❲✐❊✐♣❡❞✐❛✱ ✷✵✵✺❪ ❆rr❛②s✱ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥❛❧ ❆r❣✉♠❡♥ts ♣r♩❝ ❛♣♣❧② ✭r❡❢ ❬❪ r❡❛❧ ❛✱ ♣r♩❝ ✭r❡❛❧✮ r❡❛❧ ❢✮✿ ❢♊r ✐ ❢r♩♠ ❧✇❜ ❛ t♩ ✉♣❜ ❛ ❞♩ ❛❬✐❪ ✿❂ ❢✭❛❬✐❪✮ ♩❞❀ ❯s❡r ❉❡✜♥❡❞ ❖♣❡r❛t♩rs ♣r✐♩ ♠❛① ❂ ✟❀ ♊♣ ♠❛① ❂ ✭✐♥t ❛✱❜✮ ✐♥t✿ ✭❛❃❜ â‘€ ❛ â‘€ ❜✮❀ ♊♣ ♠❛① ❂ ✭r❡❛❧ ❛✱❜✮ r❡❛❧✿ ✭❛❃❜ â‘€ ❛ â‘€ ❜✮❀ ♊♣ ♠❛① ❂ ✭❝♊♠♣❧ ❛✱❜✮ ❝♊♠♣❧✿ ✭❛❜s ❛ ❃ ❛❜s ❜ â‘€ ❛ â‘€ ❜✮❀ ♊♣ ♠❛① ❂ ✭❬❪r❡❛❧ ❛✮ r❡❛❧✿ ✭r❡❛❧ ① ✿❂ ✲ ♠❛① r❡❛❧❀ ❢♊r ✐ ❢r♩♠ ❧✇❜ ❛ t♩ ✉♣❜ ❛ ❞♩ ✭❛❬✐❪❃① â‘€ ①✿❂❛❬✐❪✮ ♩❞❀ ①✮❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✹ ✮ ✜✜

  69. ❆▲●❖▲ ❛♥❞ ✐ts ❀❡✐rs ALGOL 58 ALGOL 60 ALGOL W SIMULA 67 BCPL Pascal B ALGOL 68 Modula 2 Ada 83 C Oberon Ada 95 C++ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✺ ✮ ✜✜

  70. ❈❖❇❖▲ ❚❀❡ ❱❡r② ❋✐rst ❖♥❡s ✶ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆ ❆▲●❖▲ ❈❖❇❖▲ ❚❀❡ ❙❡❝♊♥❞ ❲❛✈❡ ✷ ❚❀❡ ❋✐♥❛❧❡ ✾ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✻ ✮ ✜✜

  71. ●r❛❝❡ ▌✉rr❛②✱ ❉❡❝❡♠❜❡r ✟✱ ✶✟✵✻ ✕ ❏❛♥✉❛r② ✶✱ ✶✟✟✷ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✌ ✮ ✜✜

  72. ❈❛♣t❛✐♥ ●r❛❝❡ ▌✉rr❛②✲❍♊♣♣❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✜ ✮ ✜✜

  73. ❘❡❛r ❆❞♠✐r❛❧ ●r❛❝❡ ▌✉rr❛②✲❍♊♣♣❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✞✟ ✮ ✜✜

  74. ❈♩♠♠♩❞♩r❡ ●r❛❝❡ ▌✉rr❛②✲❍♊♣♣❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✹✵ ✮ ✜✜

  75. ❆❢t❡r t❀❛t✱ ✇❡ ❀❛❞ s②st❡♠s✳ ◗✉♩t❡s ❢r♩♠ ●r❛❝❡ ▌✉rr❛② ❍♊♣♣❡r ❬❍✉❣❣✐♥s✱ ✷✵✵✻❪ ✏ ▲✐❢❡ ✇❛s s✐♠♣❧❡ ❜❡❢♊r❡ ❲♊r❧❞ ❲❛r ■■✳ ✏ ■ s❡❡♠ t♩ ❞♩ ❛ ❧♩t ♊❢ r❡t✐r✐♥❣✳ ✏ ■♥ ♣✐♊♥❡❡r ❞❛②s t❀❡② ✉s❡❞ ♊①❡♥ ❢♊r ❀❡❛✈② ♣✉❧❧✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞ ✇❀❡♥ ♊♥❡ ♩① ❝♊✉❧❞♥✬t ❜✉❞❣❡ ❛ ❧♊❣✱ t❀❡② ❞✐❞♥✬t tr② t♩ ❣r♩✇ ❛ ❧❛r❣❡r ♊①✳ ❲❡ s❀♊✉❧❞♥✬t ❜❡ tr②✐♥❣ ❢♊r ❜✐❣❣❡r ❝♊♠♣✉t❡rs✱ ❜✉t ❢♊r ♠♩r❡ s②st❡♠s ♊❢ ❝♊♠♣✉t❡rs✳ ✏ ❍✉♠❛♥s ❛r❡ ❛❧❧❡r❣✐❝ t♩ ❝❀❛♥❣❡✳ ❚❀❡② ❧♊✈❡ t♩ s❛②✱ ✏❲❡✬✈❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❞♊♥❡ ✐t t❀✐s ✇❛②✳✑ ■ tr② t♩ ✜❣❀t t❀❛t✳ ❚❀❛t✬s ✇❀② ■ ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ❝❧♩❝❩ ♊♥ ♠② ✇❛❧❧ t❀❛t r✉♥s ❝♊✉♥t❡r✲❝❧♊❝❊✇✐s❡✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✹✶ ✮ ✜✜

  76. ◗✉♩t❡s ❢r♩♠ ●r❛❝❡ ▌✉rr❛② ❍♊♣♣❡r ❬❍✉❣❣✐♥s✱ ✷✵✵✻❪ ✏ ▲✐❢❡ ✇❛s s✐♠♣❧❡ ❜❡❢♊r❡ ❲♊r❧❞ ❲❛r ■■✳ ❆❢t❡r t❀❛t✱ ✇❡ ❀❛❞ s②st❡♠s✳ ✏ ■ s❡❡♠ t♩ ❞♩ ❛ ❧♩t ♊❢ r❡t✐r✐♥❣✳ ✏ ■♥ ♣✐♊♥❡❡r ❞❛②s t❀❡② ✉s❡❞ ♊①❡♥ ❢♊r ❀❡❛✈② ♣✉❧❧✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞ ✇❀❡♥ ♊♥❡ ♩① ❝♊✉❧❞♥✬t ❜✉❞❣❡ ❛ ❧♊❣✱ t❀❡② ❞✐❞♥✬t tr② t♩ ❣r♩✇ ❛ ❧❛r❣❡r ♊①✳ ❲❡ s❀♊✉❧❞♥✬t ❜❡ tr②✐♥❣ ❢♊r ❜✐❣❣❡r ❝♊♠♣✉t❡rs✱ ❜✉t ❢♊r ♠♩r❡ s②st❡♠s ♊❢ ❝♊♠♣✉t❡rs✳ ✏ ❍✉♠❛♥s ❛r❡ ❛❧❧❡r❣✐❝ t♩ ❝❀❛♥❣❡✳ ❚❀❡② ❧♊✈❡ t♩ s❛②✱ ✏❲❡✬✈❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❞♊♥❡ ✐t t❀✐s ✇❛②✳✑ ■ tr② t♩ ✜❣❀t t❀❛t✳ ❚❀❛t✬s ✇❀② ■ ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ❝❧♩❝❩ ♊♥ ♠② ✇❛❧❧ t❀❛t r✉♥s ❝♊✉♥t❡r✲❝❧♊❝❊✇✐s❡✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✹✶ ✮ ✜✜

  77. ◗✉♩t❡s ❢r♩♠ ●r❛❝❡ ▌✉rr❛② ❍♊♣♣❡r ❬❍✉❣❣✐♥s✱ ✷✵✵✻❪ ✏ ▲✐❢❡ ✇❛s s✐♠♣❧❡ ❜❡❢♊r❡ ❲♊r❧❞ ❲❛r ■■✳ ❆❢t❡r t❀❛t✱ ✇❡ ❀❛❞ s②st❡♠s✳ ✏ ■ s❡❡♠ t♩ ❞♩ ❛ ❧♩t ♊❢ r❡t✐r✐♥❣✳ ✏ ■♥ ♣✐♊♥❡❡r ❞❛②s t❀❡② ✉s❡❞ ♊①❡♥ ❢♊r ❀❡❛✈② ♣✉❧❧✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞ ✇❀❡♥ ♊♥❡ ♩① ❝♊✉❧❞♥✬t ❜✉❞❣❡ ❛ ❧♊❣✱ t❀❡② ❞✐❞♥✬t tr② t♩ ❣r♩✇ ❛ ❧❛r❣❡r ♊①✳ ❲❡ s❀♊✉❧❞♥✬t ❜❡ tr②✐♥❣ ❢♊r ❜✐❣❣❡r ❝♊♠♣✉t❡rs✱ ❜✉t ❢♊r ♠♩r❡ s②st❡♠s ♊❢ ❝♊♠♣✉t❡rs✳ ✏ ❍✉♠❛♥s ❛r❡ ❛❧❧❡r❣✐❝ t♩ ❝❀❛♥❣❡✳ ❚❀❡② ❧♊✈❡ t♩ s❛②✱ ✏❲❡✬✈❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❞♊♥❡ ✐t t❀✐s ✇❛②✳✑ ■ tr② t♩ ✜❣❀t t❀❛t✳ ❚❀❛t✬s ✇❀② ■ ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ❝❧♩❝❩ ♊♥ ♠② ✇❛❧❧ t❀❛t r✉♥s ❝♊✉♥t❡r✲❝❧♊❝❊✇✐s❡✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✹✶ ✮ ✜✜

  78. ◗✉♩t❡s ❢r♩♠ ●r❛❝❡ ▌✉rr❛② ❍♊♣♣❡r ❬❍✉❣❣✐♥s✱ ✷✵✵✻❪ ✏ ▲✐❢❡ ✇❛s s✐♠♣❧❡ ❜❡❢♊r❡ ❲♊r❧❞ ❲❛r ■■✳ ❆❢t❡r t❀❛t✱ ✇❡ ❀❛❞ s②st❡♠s✳ ✏ ■ s❡❡♠ t♩ ❞♩ ❛ ❧♩t ♊❢ r❡t✐r✐♥❣✳ ✏ ■♥ ♣✐♊♥❡❡r ❞❛②s t❀❡② ✉s❡❞ ♊①❡♥ ❢♊r ❀❡❛✈② ♣✉❧❧✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞ ✇❀❡♥ ♊♥❡ ♩① ❝♊✉❧❞♥✬t ❜✉❞❣❡ ❛ ❧♊❣✱ t❀❡② ❞✐❞♥✬t tr② t♩ ❣r♩✇ ❛ ❧❛r❣❡r ♊①✳ ❲❡ s❀♊✉❧❞♥✬t ❜❡ tr②✐♥❣ ❢♊r ❜✐❣❣❡r ❝♊♠♣✉t❡rs✱ ❜✉t ❢♊r ♠♩r❡ s②st❡♠s ♊❢ ❝♊♠♣✉t❡rs✳ ✏ ❍✉♠❛♥s ❛r❡ ❛❧❧❡r❣✐❝ t♩ ❝❀❛♥❣❡✳ ❚❀❡② ❧♊✈❡ t♩ s❛②✱ ✏❲❡✬✈❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❞♊♥❡ ✐t t❀✐s ✇❛②✳✑ ■ tr② t♩ ✜❣❀t t❀❛t✳ ❚❀❛t✬s ✇❀② ■ ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ❝❧♩❝❩ ♊♥ ♠② ✇❛❧❧ t❀❛t r✉♥s ❝♊✉♥t❡r✲❝❧♊❝❊✇✐s❡✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✹✶ ✮ ✜✜

  79. ◗✉♩t❡s ❢r♩♠ ●r❛❝❡ ▌✉rr❛② ❍♊♣♣❡r ❬❍✉❣❣✐♥s✱ ✷✵✵✻❪ ✏ ▲✐❢❡ ✇❛s s✐♠♣❧❡ ❜❡❢♊r❡ ❲♊r❧❞ ❲❛r ■■✳ ❆❢t❡r t❀❛t✱ ✇❡ ❀❛❞ s②st❡♠s✳ ✏ ■ s❡❡♠ t♩ ❞♩ ❛ ❧♩t ♊❢ r❡t✐r✐♥❣✳ ✏ ■♥ ♣✐♊♥❡❡r ❞❛②s t❀❡② ✉s❡❞ ♊①❡♥ ❢♊r ❀❡❛✈② ♣✉❧❧✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞ ✇❀❡♥ ♊♥❡ ♩① ❝♊✉❧❞♥✬t ❜✉❞❣❡ ❛ ❧♊❣✱ t❀❡② ❞✐❞♥✬t tr② t♩ ❣r♩✇ ❛ ❧❛r❣❡r ♊①✳ ❲❡ s❀♊✉❧❞♥✬t ❜❡ tr②✐♥❣ ❢♊r ❜✐❣❣❡r ❝♊♠♣✉t❡rs✱ ❜✉t ❢♊r ♠♩r❡ s②st❡♠s ♊❢ ❝♊♠♣✉t❡rs✳ ✏ ❍✉♠❛♥s ❛r❡ ❛❧❧❡r❣✐❝ t♩ ❝❀❛♥❣❡✳ ❚❀❡② ❧♊✈❡ t♩ s❛②✱ ✏❲❡✬✈❡ ❛❧✇❛②s ❞♊♥❡ ✐t t❀✐s ✇❛②✳✑ ■ tr② t♩ ✜❣❀t t❀❛t✳ ❚❀❛t✬s ✇❀② ■ ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ❝❧♩❝❩ ♊♥ ♠② ✇❛❧❧ t❀❛t r✉♥s ❝♊✉♥t❡r✲❝❧♊❝❊✇✐s❡✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✹✶ ✮ ✜✜

  80. ◗✉♩t❡s ❢r♩♠ ●r❛❝❡ ▌✉rr❛② ❍♊♣♣❡r ❬❍✉❣❣✐♥s✱ ✷✵✵✻❪ ✏ ❆ ❜✉s✐♥❡ss✬ ❛❝❝♊✉♥ts r❡❝❡✐✈❛❜❧❡ ✜❧❡ ✐s ♠✉❝❀ ♠♩r❡ ✐♠♣♊rt❛♥t t❀❛♥ ✐ts ❛❝❝♊✉♥ts ♣❛②❛❜❧❡ ✜❧❡✳ ✏ ❲❡✬r❡ ✢♊♊❞✐♥❣ ♣❡♊♣❧❡ ✇✐t❀ ✐♥❢♊r♠❛t✐♊♥✳ ❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ t♩ ❢❡❡❞ ✐t t❀r♊✉❣❀ ❛ ♣r♊❝❡ss♩r✳ ❆ ❀✉♠❛♥ ♠✉st t✉r♥ ✐♥❢♊r♠❛t✐♊♥ ✐♥t♩ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ♩r ❊♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡✳ ❲❡✬✈❡ t❡♥❞❡❞ t♩ ❢♊r❣❡t t❀❛t ♥♊ ❝♊♠♣✉t❡r ✇✐❧❧ ❡✈❡r ❛s❊ ❛ ♥❡✇ q✉❡st✐♊♥✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✹✷ ✮ ✜✜

  81. ◗✉♩t❡s ❢r♩♠ ●r❛❝❡ ▌✉rr❛② ❍♊♣♣❡r ❬❍✉❣❣✐♥s✱ ✷✵✵✻❪ ✏ ❆ ❜✉s✐♥❡ss✬ ❛❝❝♊✉♥ts r❡❝❡✐✈❛❜❧❡ ✜❧❡ ✐s ♠✉❝❀ ♠♩r❡ ✐♠♣♊rt❛♥t t❀❛♥ ✐ts ❛❝❝♊✉♥ts ♣❛②❛❜❧❡ ✜❧❡✳ ✏ ❲❡✬r❡ ✢♊♊❞✐♥❣ ♣❡♊♣❧❡ ✇✐t❀ ✐♥❢♊r♠❛t✐♊♥✳ ❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ t♩ ❢❡❡❞ ✐t t❀r♊✉❣❀ ❛ ♣r♊❝❡ss♩r✳ ❆ ❀✉♠❛♥ ♠✉st t✉r♥ ✐♥❢♊r♠❛t✐♊♥ ✐♥t♩ ✐♥t❡❧❧✐❣❡♥❝❡ ♩r ❊♥♊✇❧❡❞❣❡✳ ❲❡✬✈❡ t❡♥❞❡❞ t♩ ❢♊r❣❡t t❀❛t ♥♊ ❝♊♠♣✉t❡r ✇✐❧❧ ❡✈❡r ❛s❊ ❛ ♥❡✇ q✉❡st✐♊♥✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✹✷ ✮ ✜✜

  82. ❈❖❇❖▲ ❈♊♠♠♊♥ ❇✉s✐♥❡ss ❖r✐❡♥t❡❞ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✱ ❡♥❞ ♊❢ t❀❡ ✺✵✬s✳ ❚❀❡ ♠♩st ✉s❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✇♩r❧❞✇✐❞❡ ❢♊r ❛ ❧♊♥❣ t✐♠❡✳ ■♠♣♊s❡❞ ❜② t❀❡ ❉❖❉✱ t❀❛♥❊s t♩ ●r❛❝❡ ❍♊♣♣❡r✿ t♩ ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ❝♊♥tr❛❝t✱ ❛ ❈❖❇❖▲ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡r ✇❛s r❡q✉✐r❡❞✱ ❛♥② ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧ ❜♊✉❣❀t ♊♥ ❣♊✈❡r♥♠❡♥t❛❧ ❢✉♥❞✐♥❣ ❀❛❞ t♩ ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ❈❖❇❖▲ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡r✳ ❆ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ✐s ❝♊♠♣♊s❡❞ ♊❢ ❞✐✈✐s✐♊♥s✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✹✞ ✮ ✜✜

  83. ❈❖❇❖▲ ■❉❊◆❚■❋■❈❆❚■❖◆ ❉■❱■❙■❖◆✳ P❘❖●❘❆▌✲■❉✳ ■◆❖❯❚✳ ✯ ❘❡❛❞ ❛ ❢✐❧❡✱ ❛❞❞ ✐♥❢♊r♠❛t✐♊♥ t♩ r❡❝♊r❞s✱ ❛♥❞ s❛✈❡ ✯ ❛s ❛♥♊t❀❡r ❢✐❧❡✳ ❊◆❱■❘❖◆▌❊◆❚ ❉■❱■❙■❖◆✳ ■◆P❯❚✲❖❯❚P❯❚ ❙❊❈❚■❖◆✳ ❋■▲❊✲❈❖◆❚❘❖▲✳ ❙❊▲❊❈❚ ■◆P✲❋■▲ ❆❙❙■●◆ ❚❖ ■◆❋■▲❊✳ ❙❊▲❊❈❚ ❖❯❚✲❋■▲ ❆❙❙■●◆ ❚❖ ❖❯❚❋■▲❊✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ❙♊♠❡ Pr♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❍✐st♩r② ✹✹ ✮ ✜✜

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