M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary Overview of M oise + framework Jomi F. Hübner (collaboration with Jaime S. Sichman and Olivier Boissier) ENS Mines Saint Etienne, France hubner@emse.fr Rich Cognitive Models for Policy Design and Simulation M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 1 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary Outline Context 1 Organisation Norms M oise + 2 Language Reorganisation Infrastructure 3 A&A ORA4MAS Agents Summary 4 M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 2 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary Organisation Norms Reasons for organisation in MAS ‘normative view’ Multi-agent systems have two properties which seem contradictory: a global purpose × autonomous agents While the autonomy of the agents is essential for MASs, it may cause loss in the global coherence of the system The organisation of a MAS is used to solve this problem constraining the agents’ behaviour towards global purposes For example, when an agent adopts a role, it adopts a set of behavioural constraints that support a global purpose M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 3 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary Organisation Norms Constraining the agents’ autonomy by Norms mechanisms Regimented norms: the organisation prevents their violation by the agents e.g. messages that do not follow the protocol are discarded Enforced norms: agents decide to obey or not to them, the organisation lets the agents the possibility to violate them e.g. a master thesis should be written in two years � Detection of violations, decision about sanctions M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 4 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary Organisation Norms Reasons for organisation in MAS ‘constitutive view’ The organisation helps the agents to cooperate by defining common global tasks protocols For example, ‘to bid’ for a product on eBay is an institutional action only possible because the eBay defines the rules for that very action the bid protocol is a constraint but it also creates the action. M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 5 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary Language Reorganisation M oise + framework – general view Organisation Modelling Language (OML) � allows the designer to specify the organisation of a MAS along three dimensions (structural, functional, deontic) Organisational Infrastructure � interprets the OML and then constraints/supports the agents in the specified organisation by means of regimentation, enforcement, tools for cooperative tasks, ... allows agents to interact with the organisation (agent programming issues) Conceived for reorganisation M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 6 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary Language Reorganisation M oise + framework – general view Organisation Modelling Language (OML) � allows the designer to specify the organisation of a MAS along three dimensions (structural, functional, deontic) Organisational Infrastructure � interprets the OML and then constraints/supports the agents in the specified organisation by means of regimentation, enforcement, tools for cooperative tasks, ... allows agents to interact with the organisation (agent programming issues) Conceived for reorganisation M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 6 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary Language Reorganisation M oise + framework – general view Organisation Modelling Language (OML) � allows the designer to specify the organisation of a MAS along three dimensions (structural, functional, deontic) Organisational Infrastructure � interprets the OML and then constraints/supports the agents in the specified organisation by means of regimentation, enforcement, tools for cooperative tasks, ... allows agents to interact with the organisation (agent programming issues) Conceived for reorganisation M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 6 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary Language Reorganisation Context 1 Organisation Norms M oise + 2 Language Reorganisation Infrastructure 3 A&A ORA4MAS Agents Summary 4 M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 7 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary Language Reorganisation OML — example of organisational structure M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 8 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary Language Reorganisation OML — example of organisational functioning m1, m2, m3 score a goal m3 m1 get the ball shot at the opponent’s goal m1 m2 go towards the opponent field kick the ball to the goal area m2 m2 go to the opponent back line be placed in the middle field m1 m3 be placed in the opponent goal area kick the ball to (agent committed to m2) Key Organizational Entity Scheme Lucio m1 missions Cafu m2 goal sequence choice parallelism success rate m3 Rivaldo M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 9 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary Language Reorganisation OML — example of organisational obligations role deontic mission back obliged m 1 get the ball, go ... left obliged m 2 be placed at ..., kick ... right obliged m 2 attacker obliged m 3 kick to the goal, ... This dimension links the other two, making them independent ∴ simplifies the reorganisation M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 10 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary Language Reorganisation Reorganisation — what to change? Organisational Entity who plays which role how many groups are created ... Organisational Specification which roles are defined which role can be enacted in a group which role has authority on other ... which goal should be fulfilled ... M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 11 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary Language Reorganisation Our approach to reorganise organisation to play soccer soccer agents i ) Create a special group of agents specialised in reorganisation ii ) This new group is also organised iii ) Since the soccer agents follow the organisation, the new organisation is easily deployed M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 12 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary Language Reorganisation Our approach to reorganise organisation organisation to play soccer for reorganisation soccer agents reorganisation agents i ) Create a special group of agents specialised in reorganisation ii ) This new group is also organised iii ) Since the soccer agents follow the organisation, the new organisation is easily deployed M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 12 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary A&A ORA4MAS Agents Context 1 Organisation Norms M oise + 2 Language Reorganisation Infrastructure 3 A&A ORA4MAS Agents Summary 4 M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 13 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary A&A ORA4MAS Agents A&A Model Artifacts, Agents, Workspaces [Ricci et al. 07] BAKERY CLOCK WHITEBOARD artifact workspace artifact agents can join dynamically the workspace ARCHIVE artifact COM. CHANNEL artifact RESOURCE artifact TASK SCHEDULER artifact M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 14 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary A&A ORA4MAS Agents Organisational artifacts in ORA4MAS based on A&A and System M oise + Group Agent Artifact defense agents create and Agent handle organisational artifacts Agent Agent artifacts in charge of Scheme regimentations, Artifact goal detection and evaluation of norms compliance Group Scheme Agent Artifact agents are in charge of Artifact attack block Agent decisions about sanctions M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 15 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary A&A ORA4MAS Agents Reputation Artifact in ORA4MAS System Instrument to help in Group Agent the enforcement of Artifact norms Agent Indirect sanction Agent Agent system Considers the public Scheme Reputation Artifact character of the Artifact reputation process Publish an evaluation Group Agent of the agents from the Scheme Artifact Artifact Agent organisation point of view M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 16 / 21
M oise + Context Infrastructure Summary A&A ORA4MAS Agents Agent Programming Artifacts provide perception and actions to the agents They can be used in the following languages Jason (BDI programming) Jadex (BDI programming) Java (OO programming) (others on development) � Agents can perceive and act on organisational artifacts We still do not have models of how the agents reason about the organisation and its artifacts M oise + framework – J. Hübner Lorentz Center, NL, Jan 2009 17 / 21
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