Organic Farm ing Organic Farm ing in Tropical Fruits in Tropical - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Organic Farm ing Organic Farm ing in Tropical Fruits in Tropical Fruits : Potential & : Potential & Strategies Strategies

Professor S. K. Professor S. K. Mitra Mitra Faculty of Horticulture Faculty of Horticulture Bidhan Bidhan Chandra Chandra Krishi Krishi Visw avidyalaya Visw avidyalaya W est Bengal 7 4 1 2 5 2 W est Bengal 7 4 1 2 5 2 I ndia I ndia

Definition of Organic Farm ing Definition of Organic Farm ing

• Products

labeled as “Organic” are those certified as having been produced through clearly defined organic production m ethods.

• I n other w ords “Organic” is

a claim on the production process rather than a claim

• n the product itself.

According to the definition of the Codex Alim entarius – “Organic agriculture is a holistic production m anagem ent system w hich prom otes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity”.

Basic Criteria for the Production, Storage Basic Criteria for the Production, Storage & Transport of Organic Fruits & Transport of Organic Fruits

• Existence of production standards and

certification procedures

• The I nternational Federation of Organic

Agriculture Movem ent ( I FOAM) , a non- governm ental organization prom oting organic agriculture internationally, has established guidelines that have been w idely adopted for

• rganic production and processing
• These guidelines are com m only considered as

“m inim um standards” leaving room for m ore detailed requirem ents, depending on regional

• r local situation.
• Contd….

• Many developed countries have

defined their ow n organic standards

• EC countries have endorsed a

com m on organic standard w hich is spelt out in Regulation EEC2 0 9 2 / 91

• FAO/ W HO Codex Alim entarius

Com m ission adopted – “Guidelines for the Production, Processing, Labeling and Marketing of Organically produced Foods” in 1 9 9 9 .

Situation of Organic Farm ing in Situation of Organic Farm ing in different Countries different Countries

Continent-w ise Area under Organic M anagem ent (Source : FiBL Survey 2005/06)

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 A f r i c a N

• r

t h A m e r i c a A s i a L a t i n A m e r i c a E u r

• p

e A u s t r a l i a / O c e a n i a % share

Australia

• Annual grow th : 20 -2 4 %
• Total farm Gate Sale : $ 1 2 7 .9 M
• Fruits & Nuts : $ 21 .4 M

( 1 6 .7 % )

• Organic fruits : apple, avocado,

banana, grape fruit, lem on, w aterm elon, olives, orange, papaya, litchi, ram butan

• During the three years

transition phase, produce is labeled as “in conversion”

• I n 2 0 0 1 , 1 6 0 0 t ( 0 .6 % ) of

banana produced organically.

United Kingdom

Germ any

Austria

Taiw an

• Pilot project started in 1 9 9 5
• I n 2 0 0 6 , 1 1 0 organic farm s, 2 0 7 ha
• 3 4 fruit species grow n as organic :

citrus, banana, pineapple, guava, grape, papaya

• 4 indipendent private certification bodies

* Mokichi Okada Association ( MOA) * Tse-Xin Organic Agricultural Foundation ( TOAF) * Taiw an Organic Production Association ( TOPA) * Taiw an Form osa Organic Association ( FOA)

• Annual im ports : US $ 9 .7 M

Mexico

• Total area under organic : 3 0 ,0 0 0 ha
• Grow th : 2 7 % annually
• 8 5 % organic produce for export m arket
• Export destination : Germ any, France,

Holland, England, Sw itzerland, USA & Canada

• Organic produce : Coffee - 4 5 .2 6 % ,

Tropical & Subtropical fruits – 2 %

• Organic fruits : avocado, banana, m ango,

pineapple, papaya, anona, litchi, lem on, sapota, coconut, caram bola, tam arind

• Certification : Around 2 0 organization.

Turkey

• Olive and olive oil in Canakkale,

I zm ir, Manisa, Balikesir, Mugla

• Dry and table fig in Aydin,

Yalova, I stanbul

• Citrus in Adana, Mersin, I zm ir,

Mulga, Hatay

• Pom egranate in Adana, Mulga,

Antalya

• Kiw i in I stanbul, Trabzon,

Yalova

• Loquat in Tarsus ( Mersin)
• Banana in Bozyazi
• Mango in Anam ur

I ndia : Organic Crops

5 10 15 20 25 30 Fruits & Veg Rice Tea Cashewnut Others Pulses Coffee Spices Cotton Wheat Organic Crop % share

Desire of I ndian Consum ers for I ndian Organic Produces

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 V e g e t a b l e s F r u i t s S p i c e s R i c e P u l s e s T e a W h e a t B a b y f

• d

H e r b a l e x t r a c t E d i b l e

• i

l Desired Organic Produce

% Respondents

Advantage I ndia Advantage I ndia

• Recognition of I ndian standards by the

European Com m ission

• Potential to produce & supply varied

product categories

• Vast farm land available for conversion
• Progressive farm ers
• Rich know ledge base
• Governm ent initiatives in prom otion of
• rganic products

W hat Kind of Dem and for W hat Kind of Dem and for Organic Food Grow s More ? Organic Food Grow s More ?

• Fresh fruits & vegetables represent

Fresh fruits & vegetables represent 4 0 % of sales and this sector grow s 4 0 % of sales and this sector grow s about 1 0 % annually. about 1 0 % annually.

• Dairy products, cereals, breads, fast

Dairy products, cereals, breads, fast foods, frozen foods & baby foods foods, frozen foods & baby foods represent 6 0 % of the sales and the represent 6 0 % of the sales and the average grow th is about 4 0 % average grow th is about 4 0 % annually. annually.

Organic Market Leader am ong Organic Market Leader am ong Conventional retail Chains Conventional retail Chains

Albert Heijn : The Netherlands Esselunga : I taly Billa : Austria W aitrose : UK COOP : Sw itzerland Tegut : Germ any

ORGANIZATIONS PROMOTING ORGANIC CONCEPT

International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) The Soil Association Certification Ltd (SAC) UK The United Kingdom Register of Organic Food Standards (UKROFS) The California Certified Organic Farmers (CCOF) in USA Ecocert, Germany,

Demeter Bund, e. V., Germany SKAL, Zwolle, The Netherlands, Bio Suisse, Switzerland Institute of Marketecology (IMO), Switzerland etc.

For f urther details log on to http:/ / www. ioas. org For f urther details log on to http:/ / www. ioas. org

Key I ssues Key I ssues

• High certification costs
• Lack of support during

conversion period

• Availability and cost issues
• f organic inputs
• I nfrastructure constraints
• Non-tarriff barriers
• Lack of research &

developm ent

• Lack of structured dom estic

distribution channel

Percentage Decline in Mineral Content of U.S. and British Crops in the 60 Years Period under Conventional Farming

Mineral U.S. 1963-1992 (13 fruits & vegetables) Britain 1936-1987 (20 fruits & 20 vegetables)

Calcium

• 29
• 19

Magnesum

• 21
• 35

Sodium N/A

• 43

Potassium

• 6
• 14

Phosphorus

• 11
• 6

Iron

• 32
• 22

Copper N/A

• 81

N/A= Not analyzed Source: *U.S. (Bergner, 1997) and British (Mayer, 1997)

POINTS OF INTERVENTION

Lack of Awareness Output Marketing Problems Shortage of Bio-mass Inadequate Supporting Infrastructure High Input Costs Marketing Problems of Organic Inputs Lack of Financial Support Low Yields Inability to Meet the Export Demand Lack of Quality Standards for Bio-manures

Strategies and Recom m endations Strategies and Recom m endations

A) Focus on Value Added Organic export

• Focus on specific/ niche

varieties to m axim ize

• rganic prem ium s at

the farm level

• Processing at source
• Direct tie up w ith

buyers

B) I ncentives & Prom otional Support

• Certification

support/ incentive

• Support/ incentives for in-

conversion organic farm s

• Aw areness and training

program m es

• Joint program m e across

com m odities

• Support for production of
• rganic agri-inputs

C) Creation of a Nodal Agency

• Creation of an organic m arket

& know ledge repository

• Markets
• Regulations
• I dentification of prospects
• Monitoring
• Aw areness building
• I nterface w ith the com m odity

Boards, associations etc. w ith Governm ent

I nspection and Certification I nspection and Certification

• Certification is the

process by w hich a farm is officially certified as 'organic‘

• This guarantees

custom ers that the produce from the certified farm is in fact

• rganic and free from

chem icals, pesticides, and insecticides.

• The certification process involves
• contacting a certifying agency,
• contracting w ith them for an inspection of

your farm by their inspector,

• and upon passing their inspection, an

issuance of a Certified Docum ent. These certificates are subject to renew al.

• I f you w ish to enter the global m arket, your farm

m ust be certified organic. I ncreasingly the dom estic m arket in I ndia is also insisting upon certified organic produce.

• I ndia is w orking w ith international organic

farm ing agencies to facilitate an internationally recognized set of standards to be used during the inspection of farm s desiring organic certification.

Future strategies

• Em phasis should be given to organic farm ing

Em phasis should be given to organic farm ing research in fruit crops research in fruit crops

• Developm ent of organic farm ing system s w ith

Developm ent of organic farm ing system s w ith diversified crops and enterprises diversified crops and enterprises

• Direct and indirect benefits of organic farm ing

Direct and indirect benefits of organic farm ing

• n a long term basis needs to
• n a long term basis needs to be quantified
• More effective w ays of converting organic

More effective w ays of converting organic w astes into m anures are to be evolved w astes into m anures are to be evolved

• I nform ation on econom ic viability of organic

I nform ation on econom ic viability of organic farm ing system should be elucidated farm ing system should be elucidated

• Promotion of bio

Promotion of bio-

• fertilizers

fertilizers and bio and bio-

• pesticides

pesticides

• Dependable marketing

Dependable marketing infrastructure for organically infrastructure for organically grown produce grown produce

• Demonstrations for spreading

Demonstrations for spreading the concept and technologies the concept and technologies

• f organic farming
• f organic farming

Troubleshooting

Establishm ent of Cooperatives/ Boards for organic m arketing : Proper m arketing of Organic produces The process should be Sim plified : Com plicated certification process Production, com m ercialization & price fixation : Organic m aterials & com posting Standardization of different crops : Cropping pattern, crop rotation, m ulti-tier cropping etc. Production & com m ercialization : Bio-pesticides & bio-control agents Evaluation of com parative quality : Evidences on quality of Organic produces Proper m onitoring is highly essential : Ground w ater quality & pollution Developm ent of Technologies for elim ination of heavy m etals : Use of urban w astes & heavy m etals content I dentification of crop rotation, residues, m ulches, GMC, BF etc. : Alternate renew able organic sources Evaluation of different Organic substrates : Availability of organic m anures

W hat did a Fruit Grow er have to do W hat did a Fruit Grow er have to do to Access the Organic Market ? to Access the Organic Market ?

• Good quality
• Constant supply
• Com pliance w ith organic

standards

• Good organization & logistics

capacities

• Organic certification

W hat do Grow ers Think W hat do Grow ers Think about I t ? about I t ?

• Costly
• Com plicated (industry tailored,

guided by developed countries)

• Duplication (lack of

harmonisation/ recognition)

• I m possible to satisfy (even

more stringent & detailed)

Opportunities for Opportunities for Developing Countries Developing Countries

• Products, m ostly tropical, that are not

produced in United States, EU & Japan

• Off-season Products : unmet demand

during certain periods

• I n-season Products : temporary or

more regular shortage because of strong & increasing demand

• Novelty or Specialty Products : organic

wines, ethnic food products

Market Entry Tips Market Entry Tips for Developing Countries for Developing Countries

• Get in early
• Develop a strong supply base
• Collaborate w ith peers
• Check & com ply w ith technical

requirem ents

• Choose the right distributor ( s)
• Stay up-to-date
• Develop the local m arket
• Partner w ith the export m arket

Conclusion Conclusion

• Dem and for organic foods is grow ing rapidly

in m ost developed countries, and m ostly in double digit figures.

• The grow th in dem and has not only been in

the quantity consum ed but also in the breadth & depth of range of organic product.

• Organics has m oved from being a sm all

niche m arket, specialty product, to being a m ainstream food category.

• Grow th of the Global m arket for organics is

being com plicated by the large num ber of regulatory & labelling schem es that exits.

• Contd….

• Factors w hich are likely to be the predictors

for the propensity to buy organic foods/ products and therefore longer term dem and are :

• products w hich have a heavy use of

chem icals in their regular production system

• products eaten w ith m inim um preparation
• r cooking
• products w hich have naturally defined taste

& flavour profiles and w hich are prim arily eaten for enjoym ent.

• products w hich are seen to have health

benefits

• products for infants & children.

Contd….

• There are m arket opportunities

for organic tropical and sub- tropical fruits and products from low cost producing countries of the Southeast Asian Region.

• The identified fruits/ fruit

products w ith great potentiality includes m ango, banana, litchi, longan, papaya, pineapple, guava, caram bola & m elon.

THANK YOU

Concentration on “target – centre” dissolves com plexity at periphery.