Nursery Crop Visits What to Look for and What Questions to Ask - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Nursery Crop Visits What to Look for and What Questions to Ask - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 12, 2023 134 likes •1.08k views

Nursery Crop Visits What to Look for and What Questions to Ask Your Grower Abbie Acuff Fall 1982 Noble Fir Cone Collection USFS Inland Empire Reforestation Council March 6, 2018 2 Outline: PotlatchDeltic North Idaho Planting

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Nursery Crop Visits – What to Look for and What Questions to Ask Your Grower Abbie Acuff

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Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018

Fall 1982 Noble Fir Cone Collection USFS

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PotlatchDeltic North Idaho Planting Program Nursery Inspection Checklist and Expectations:

Location Greenhouse vs Outdoor Compound Primary vs Secondary Needles Buds Growing Container and Size Contract Genetics Media

Example Inspection and Questions to Ask How to Address Issues

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Outline:

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1990 to 2009

1.9 to 6.5 million per year Majority grown in-house 59 million seedlings

2010 to present

4.8 to 8.4 million per year All seedlings contract grown 53 million seedlings

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PotlatchDeltic North Idaho Planting Program:

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Location Greenhouse vs Outdoor Compound Primary vs Secondary Needles Buds Growing Container and Size Contract Genetics Media

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Nursery Inspection Checklist and Expectations:

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Miles from Lewiston to: Boise – 267 Klamath Falls – 513 Portland – 343 Rochester – 377 Vernon BC – 361 Travel Time for Inspections West Side vs East Side

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Location:

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Greenhouse: Extended growing season Complete control of growing environment Heat Humidity Protected from bad weather events Supplemental Lighting Higher cost

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Greenhouse vs Outdoor Compound

Outdoor Compound: Shorter growing season No control of growing environment Exposed to birds and small mammals May or may not have supplemental lighting Lower cost

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Greenhouse

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Outdoor Compound with No Supplemental Lighting

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Outdoor Compound with Supplemental Lighting

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Primary vs Secondary Needles

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Outdoor Compound Lodgepole Pine – Primary Needles

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Primary vs Secondary Needles

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Outdoor Compound Lodgepole Pine with Supplemental Lighting

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Greenhouse Ponderosa Pine with Supplemental Lighting

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In Pines, exposure to supplemental lighting, will produce different buds

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Bud Set

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Outdoor Compound LP with No Supplemental Lighting

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Greenhouse Ponderosa Pine with Supplemental Lighting

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Various Containers Available (but not all used): Styroblocks Most common in PNW Made of dense Styrofoam 5-6 year life expectancy Jiffy Plugs Used world wide Soft walled, meshed container One time use HIKO Tray System Used worldwide High density polyethylene 10+ year life expectancy

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Growing Container and Size

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Container Size Measured by volume in a single cavity Higher volume containers: Usually yield larger seedlings Have fewer seedlings per square foot Are more expensive May be too large to allow root to fill all available space in

  • ne growing season

May be more susceptible to root issues early on

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Growing Container and Size

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Styro 60 for Grafted Larch

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Important Points to Remember:

Read your contract every year As Customers, we ask Nursery to provide a certain seedling. Nursery has complete control over how the seedling is grown. Target Specifications Contract Minimum Specifications Review Inventory Reports and Scatter Diagrams Relationship with Nursery is a Partnership

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Contract

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Genetically improved seedlings grow differently than woods run seed: Higher germination Even crop Grow faster

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Genetics

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Each Nursery will use a different media mix. Components may include: Peat Moss Perlite Vermiculite Douglas-fir sawdust Coir Slow release fertilizer Lime

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Media

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Example Inspection and Questions to Ask How to Address Issues

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Outline:

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June/July and October Make an appointment Have your paperwork Check in at Office Follow safety rules Have fun!

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Example Inspection and Questions to Ask

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Example Inspection and Questions to Ask

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Older facility New Roof Walls and structure in good repair No weeds next to greenhouse

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Arrival At Nursery Look Around

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Unused equipment neatly stored No weeds or garbage in open areas Propane tank barricaded

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Look Around

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Nursery investing in upgrading structures to grow higher quality seedlings.

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Look Around

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You will be accompanied by Nursery Personnel When you enter

Pause Take a deep breath Look around Look down length of greenhouse at crop

Remember, if you find any problems, the Nursery will already know about them

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Inspection

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Feel of greenhouse environment Unpleasant odors Discrepancies in the crop Fill rate of blocks Color Even crop height Signs of disease or insects Weeds Root development

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First Inspection What I Look For:

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In-house germination percentages Transplanting? Average height and caliper of the crop Any problems with the crop to this point What pesticides have been applied to the crop Fertilizer regime Supplemental lighting

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Topics to Cover During 1st Inspection

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Is this how you want the final product to look? Final height and caliper Bud set Root system Lignification Color Diseases? Weeds? Nursery cleanliness (even during production time)

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Second Inspection – What I look For:

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Average height and caliper. Meet contract specs? Inventory Adjustments to contract specifications? Packing start date Cull standards Pre-package fungicide treatments Chilling hours Copies of frost hardiness tests Box counts Freezer storage

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Topics to Cover During 2nd Inspection:

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All Smiles After A Good Inspection

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How to Address Issues

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Outline:

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What is problem? How much of crop is effected? Timing Nursery plan?

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How to Address Issues

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How to Address Issues

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How to Address Issues

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How to Address Issues

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How to Address Issues

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How to Address Issues

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How to Address Issues

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How to Address Issues 1st Example A Tale of Two Nurseries…

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How to Address Issues 1st Example A Tale of Two Nurseries…

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How to Address Issues 1st Example A Tale of Two Nurseries…

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example Current Issue

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example Fall Inspection

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example Fall Inspection

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example Fall Inspection

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example Fall Inspection

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example Fall Inspection

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example Waiting on Packout Numbers

DF finished packing on January 23rd Average daily temperature from January 1st to January 26th was 42 F Questions:

Were the daily temperatures high enough to effect dormancy? Was there active root growth? Had the seedlings broken bud?

75 seedlings were randomly selected and sent to UI Pitkin Nursery for Root Growth Potential testing Seedlings were inspected a day after they arrived at Pitkin And the results are…..

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example February – 1st Issue

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example February – 1st Issue

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example February – 1st Issue

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example February – 1st Issue

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example February – 2nd Issue

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example February – 2nd Issue

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example February – 2nd Issue

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example February – 2nd Issue

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example February – 2nd Issue

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example February – 2nd Issue

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Pull seedlings for immediate frost hardy tests. Freezer store seedlings for one month, then Root Growth Potential (RGP) testing. Second frost hardy test completed at time of RGP. Contacted nursery to discuss issue and how to proceed. Nursery will:

Pull sample from freezer storage Grade seedlings Pot up seedlings Research what to expect when out planted

Based on results of tests, determine whether or not to out plant the seedlings.

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How to Address Issues 2nd Example Now What??

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How to Address Issues 3rd Example Sprinklers

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Cherrylane Seed Orchard Douglas fir crop, mid-elevation. First inspection revealed seedling height had highs and lows, typically associated with sprinkler pattern. Shared my observation with Grower and explained that if the issue continued, there would be root problems at my 2nd inspection. Second inspection:

Chlorotic seedlings High and low seedling height Very small bud set Dead roots in short seedlings My estimation of loss, approximately 25-30%.

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How to Address Issues 3rd Example - Sprinklers From the Start

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Start asking questions:

How much water applied each irrigation? Sprinklers checked at each irrigation? Crop checked for a leach after each irrigation? If no leach, then what was protocol?

Show Grower what you will accept at packout. Schedule pathogen tests on sample seedlings. Root Growth Potential test on seedlings.

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How to Address Issues 3rd Example – Sprinklers Now What?

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Grower culled heavily at packout. 30% of seedlings culled. Even with culling, RGP had low root counts. Out planted packed seedlings. Preliminary feedback from field indicates fairly good survival. Decision made not to grow at this facility in near future.

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How to Address Issues 3rd Example – Sprinklers Results

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Ultimate Goal

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Ultimate Goal

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Abbie A. Acuff Silviculturist PotlatchDeltic 208-791-4618 Abbie.Acuff@PotlatchDeltic.com

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Any Questions?