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Nursery Crop Visits What to Look for and What Questions to Ask Your Grower Abbie Acuff Fall 1982 Noble Fir Cone Collection USFS Inland Empire Reforestation Council March 6, 2018 2 Outline: PotlatchDeltic North Idaho Planting

  1. Nursery Crop Visits – What to Look for and What Questions to Ask Your Grower Abbie Acuff

  2. Fall 1982 Noble Fir Cone Collection USFS Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 2

  3. Outline: PotlatchDeltic North Idaho Planting Program Nursery Inspection Checklist and Expectations: Location Greenhouse vs Outdoor Compound Primary vs Secondary Needles Buds Growing Container and Size Contract Genetics Media Example Inspection and Questions to Ask How to Address Issues Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 3

  4. PotlatchDeltic North Idaho Planting Program: 1990 to 2009 1.9 to 6.5 million per year Majority grown in-house 59 million seedlings 2010 to present 4.8 to 8.4 million per year All seedlings contract grown 53 million seedlings Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 4

  5. Nursery Inspection Checklist and Expectations: Location Greenhouse vs Outdoor Compound Primary vs Secondary Needles Buds Growing Container and Size Contract Genetics Media Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 5

  6. Location: Miles from Lewiston to: Boise – 267 Klamath Falls – 513 Portland – 343 Rochester – 377 Vernon BC – 361 Travel Time for Inspections West Side vs East Side Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 6

  7. Greenhouse vs Outdoor Compound Greenhouse: Outdoor Compound: Extended growing season Shorter growing season Complete control of No control of growing growing environment environment Heat Exposed to birds and small mammals Humidity May or may not have Protected from bad supplemental lighting weather events Lower cost Supplemental Lighting Higher cost Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 7

  8. Greenhouse Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 8

  9. Outdoor Compound with No Supplemental Lighting Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 9

  10. Outdoor Compound with Supplemental Lighting Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 10

  11. Primary vs Secondary Needles Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 11

  12. Outdoor Compound Lodgepole Pine – Primary Needles Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 12

  13. Primary vs Secondary Needles Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 13

  14. Outdoor Compound Lodgepole Pine with Supplemental Lighting Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 14

  15. Greenhouse Ponderosa Pine with Supplemental Lighting Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 15

  16. Bud Set In Pines, exposure to supplemental lighting, will produce different buds Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 16

  17. Outdoor Compound LP with No Supplemental Lighting Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 17

  18. Greenhouse Ponderosa Pine with Supplemental Lighting Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 18

  19. Growing Container and Size Various Containers Available (but not all used): Styroblocks Most common in PNW Made of dense Styrofoam 5-6 year life expectancy Jiffy Plugs Used world wide Soft walled, meshed container One time use HIKO Tray System Used worldwide High density polyethylene 10+ year life expectancy Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 19

  20. Growing Container and Size Container Size Measured by volume in a single cavity Higher volume containers: Usually yield larger seedlings Have fewer seedlings per square foot Are more expensive May be too large to allow root to fill all available space in one growing season May be more susceptible to root issues early on Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 20

  21. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 21

  22. Styro 60 for Grafted Larch Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 22

  23. Contract Important Points to Remember: Read your contract every year As Customers, we ask Nursery to provide a certain seedling. Nursery has complete control over how the seedling is grown. Target Specifications Contract Minimum Specifications Review Inventory Reports and Scatter Diagrams Relationship with Nursery is a Partnership Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 23

  24. Genetics Genetically improved seedlings grow differently than woods run seed: Higher germination Even crop Grow faster Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 24

  25. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 25

  26. Media Each Nursery will use a different media mix. Components may include: Peat Moss Perlite Vermiculite Douglas-fir sawdust Coir Slow release fertilizer Lime Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 26

  27. Outline: Example Inspection and Questions to Ask How to Address Issues Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 27

  28. Example Inspection and Questions to Ask June/July and October Make an appointment Have your paperwork Check in at Office Follow safety rules Have fun! Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 28

  29. Example Inspection and Questions to Ask Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 29

  30. Arrival At Nursery Look Around Older facility New Roof Walls and structure in good repair No weeds next to greenhouse Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 30

  31. Look Around Unused equipment neatly stored No weeds or garbage in open areas Propane tank barricaded Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 31

  32. Look Around Nursery investing in upgrading structures to grow higher quality seedlings. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 32

  33. Inspection You will be accompanied by Nursery Personnel When you enter Pause Take a deep breath Look around Look down length of greenhouse at crop Remember, if you find any problems, the Nursery will already know about them Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 33

  34. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 34

  35. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 35

  36. First Inspection What I Look For: Feel of greenhouse environment Unpleasant odors Discrepancies in the crop Fill rate of blocks Color Even crop height Signs of disease or insects Weeds Root development Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 36

  37. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 37

  38. Topics to Cover During 1 st Inspection In-house germination percentages Transplanting? Average height and caliper of the crop Any problems with the crop to this point What pesticides have been applied to the crop Fertilizer regime Supplemental lighting Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 38

  39. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 39

  40. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 40

  41. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 41

  42. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 42

  43. Second Inspection – What I look For: Is this how you want the final product to look? Final height and caliper Bud set Root system Lignification Color Diseases? Weeds? Nursery cleanliness (even during production time) Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 43

  44. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 44

  45. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 45

  46. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 46

  47. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 47

  48. Topics to Cover During 2 nd Inspection: Average height and caliper. Meet contract specs? Inventory Adjustments to contract specifications? Packing start date Cull standards Pre-package fungicide treatments Chilling hours Copies of frost hardiness tests Box counts Freezer storage Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 48

  49. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 49

  50. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 50

  51. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 51

  52. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 52

  53. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 53

  54. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 54

  55. Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 55

  56. All Smiles After A Good Inspection Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 56

  57. Outline: How to Address Issues Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 57

  58. How to Address Issues What is problem? How much of crop is effected? Timing Nursery plan? Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 58

  59. How to Address Issues Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 59

  60. How to Address Issues Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 60

  61. How to Address Issues Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 61

  62. How to Address Issues Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 62

  63. How to Address Issues Inland Empire Reforestation Council – March 6, 2018 63

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