AUTONOMOUS DRIVING IN AGRICULTURE LEADING TO AUTONOMOUS WORKSITE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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AUTONOMOUS DRIVING IN AGRICULTURE LEADING TO AUTONOMOUS WORKSITE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 19, 2023 9 likes •345 views

AUTONOMOUS DRIVING IN AGRICULTURE LEADING TO AUTONOMOUS WORKSITE SOLUTIONS Dr. John F. Reid, John Deere Dr. John F. Reid Experience and Perspective on Autonomous Driving: Off-road PhD. Research in Automatic Guidance (1983-1986)

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AUTONOMOUS DRIVING IN AGRICULTURE LEADING TO AUTONOMOUS WORKSITE SOLUTIONS

  • Dr. John F. Reid, John Deere
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  • Dr. John F. Reid

…Experience and Perspective on Autonomous Driving: Off-road

  • PhD. Research in Automatic Guidance (1983-1986)
  • Vision-based guidance of Tractors on row

crops

Professor at the University of Illinois (1986-2001)

  • Research in Autonomous Systems in

Agriculture

John Deere (2001-present)

  • Field Robotics competency leader
  • Developed and deployed autonomous

systems business cases

  • Forward-looking innovation strategy (today)
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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Autonomous Driving: Offroad

1.Past: 20 years of Automatic Guidance 2.Present: Machine Automation 3.Future: Paths to Autonomy

  • 4. Summary
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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Motorized Equipment

1920’s

Productivity in Agriculture

Increased productivity through mechanization

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Self-propelled Machines

1920’s 1940’s

Productivity in Agriculture

Increased productivity through mechanization

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Operator Environment

1920’s 1940’s 1970’s

Productivity in Agriculture

Increased productivity through mechanization and

  • perator comfort
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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Automated Agriculture

1920’s 1940’s 1970’s 2000’s

Guidance was the foundation automated agriculture enabled by the convergence of machine electronics and GNSS

Productivity in Agriculture

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Autonomous Driving in Agriculture

Customer Value realized in Machine and Job Productivity that could be consistently achieved. Rapid Technology evolution: Increased precision and accuracy

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Automatic Guidance

  • Reduce tillage and chemical

application overlap

  • Skill-level reduction
  • Reduced operator fatigue
  • Improved productivity
  • Increased crop yield
  • Fuel efficiency

Clear Customer Value: Guidance was a Gamer Changer!

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Autonomous Driving: Offroad

1.Past: 20 years of Automatic Guidance 2.Present: Machine Automation 3.Future: Paths to Autonomy

  • 4. Summary
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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Integrated Solutions

1920’s 1940’s 1970’s 2000’s 2010’s

Guidance has enabled Machine and Job

  • ptimization

Productivity in Agriculture

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Realized Accomplishments:

  • Automation of machine functions
  • Coordination of machine-to-machine operations
  • Precision execution of field tasks

Technology advances, access to information, and automation, enabling increased productivity and convenience.

Machine Productivity

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

iTech Pro:

  • A solution for Field Mission

Planning

  • Enabled by SW for area coverage

plans

  • Customer value:
  • Increases efficiency,

resulting in input savings

  • Provides total equipment

control

  • Reduces Operator Fatigue

Machine path and task control

Coordinated Tasks

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

  • Machine Sync:
  • Combine steers the tractor for managing

the unloading process

  • Enabled by GNSS and M2M

communication

  • Customer value:
  • Increased timeliness and

reduced stress in on-the-go unloading

  • Guidance line and coverage map

sharing between machines for systems optimization

Machine-to-Machine work coordination

Coordinated Machines

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Automatics Guidance leads to Optimized Machine Productivity

Time Machine Logistics Self- Calibrating Machines Self-Adjusting Machines Optimized Human- Machine Solutions Machine State Sensing Coordinated Tasks Coordinated Machines

Transformation towards Autonomous Human-Machine Productivity

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Autonomous Driving: Offroad

1.Past: 20 years of Automatic Guidance 2.Present: Machine Automation 3.Future: Pathways to Autonomy

  • 4. Summary
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SAE INTERNATIONAL Electro-hydraulics Automatic Guidance Telematics Electrification Networked Controllers Precision Ag 1990 Today Cloud Computing Tablet Netscape Browser Bt Corn Impact

Impact

Impact

Impact

GPS

Exponential Technology Change

Technology advances are significantly reducing the barriers to autonomous solutions in Agriculture

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Information Agriculture

1920’s 1940’s 1970’s 2000’s 2010’s 2020’s

Productivity in Agriculture

Increased optimization

  • f the worksite through

automation and data

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

SYSTEM LEVEL IMPACTS JOB LEVEL SOLUTIONS MACHINE LEVEL SOLUTIONS

Increasingly Integrated Solutions

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Realized Accomplishments:

  • Increased machine systems automation
  • Real-time optimization of worksite systems
  • Information management and decision support

Solutions to help manage equipment, people, and time more effectively.

Worksite Solutions

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Two Pathways to Increasingly Integrated Solutions

Time Machine Logistics Self- Calibrating Machines Self-Adjusting Machines Optimized Human- Machine Solutions Machine State Sensing Coordinated Tasks Coordinated Machines M2M Coordination Sensor-Enabled Management Automated (lean) worksites Autonomy- as-a Service

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Sensor-Enabled Management

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  • Precision

machines that provide site- specific control

  • Telematics that

connects machines to Cloud for worksite management

  • UAS enables new

forms of data to drive precision agriculture

  • perations
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Task Optimization

Optimizing Operator Performance in Machine Operation

Performance Benchmarking:

  • Recommendations to
  • ptimize machine

performance Customer-Value:

  • Helps maximize the

performance of the machine for varying field/crop conditions

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Path and Mission Optimization

Vehicle Mission Planning increases field efficiency and

  • ptimizes activities

Mission Planning includes:

  • Path Planning
  • Vehicle Actions
  • Payload Actions
  • Contingency plans

System Integration:

  • Pre-planned or Real-

time

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Machine Perception

Situation-Awareness provides solutions for the environmental influences

Perception Sensing:

  • Augments/replaces

human for situation awareness (e.g.,

  • bstacle detection)

Customer Value:

  • Task automation
  • Autonomous operation
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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Autonomous Orchard Management (2006)

Customer Problem

  • Achieve asset
  • ptimization for field
  • perations through

autonomous systems integration

  • Increase Worksite

Productivity Solution Concept

  • Multiple autonomous

vehicle managed by a remote supervisor replace operators on individual machines

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Autonomous Orchard: Multi-vehicle mission

Driven over 1500 km autonomously over 18 months customer trial

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

  • Multiple vehicles controlled

by single supervisor

  • Shorter paths due to
  • ptimal planner
  • Autonomous vehicle

spends greater portion of time at maximum speed

  • Demonstrated productivity

improvement

Productivity Improvements

28

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Cummulative Percentile Speed Bin (km/h)

Cummulative Percentile Speeds

Autonomous Cumulative % Manual Cumulative % 10 20 30 40 50 Jan Mar Apr Jun Avg

Productivity improvement (%)

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Autonomous Peat Moss Harvesting Solution

Customer Problem

  • Core pain point is

productivity driven by labor availability

  • Manage cost of
  • perations through

automation Solution Concept

  • Multiple sets of

autonomous vehicle managed by a ground- based supervisor who manages the harvesting task of a fleet

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Autonomous Peat Moss Harvesting Solution

Paper # (if applicable) 30

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Business Model Transformation

Autonomous Solutions enables new products and services to emerge: From Productive Machines to Productive Worksite Solutions:

  • Autonomous machines vs.

Delivering Job Optimization Services

  • High-productivity machine

systems vs. Autonomy-as-a- service

Autonomous Solutions transforms our perspective of agricultural systems productivity

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SAE INTERNATIONAL

Autonomous Driving: Offroad

1.Past: 20 years of Automatic Guidance 2.Present: Machine Automation 3.Future: Pathways to Autonomy

  • 4. Summary
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Summary

  • Autonomous Driving Success: Automatic Guidance Technologies

have demonstrated success over the last 20 years in delivering customer value in agriculture.

  • Autonomous Machine Productivity: Automatic guidance has

enabled continued growth in machine systems productivity.

  • Autonomous Worksite Solutions: The future of autonomous

systems has multiple opportunities as integrated worksite solutions.

  • Business Model Innovation: Autonomy will create opportunities to

transform the business model for off-road equipment.