Low-carbon energy One line title system transformation: the role - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SLIDE 1

One line title

Conference name, 5 April 2016

Irina Nikolova

• Comm. Coordinator, i.nikolova@efet.org

Low-carbon energy system transformation: the role of markets

12 April 2019 – Dresden 13th International Conference on Energy Economics and Technology Mike Bostan PhD candidate, University of Maastricht Energy Markets Coordinator, EFET – European Federation for Energy Traders

SLIDE 2

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Contents

PhD Research questions Ambition of the EU electricity policy Empirical research Outcome Role of markets

SLIDE 3

PhD research questions

• How ambitious is the European electricity policy regarding each of the pillars of

energy policy (affordability, environment, security of supply, + internal market)?

• What factors are influencing this ambition?

identifying the consecutive goals that are set for the main pillars of the EU electricity policy quantifying all available binding goals of the European Union in the field of electricity, in a selected period of time comparing goals against each other to see their evolution in time.

SLIDE 4

Ambition of the EU electricity policy (1)

• To start with 1986, widely taken as a starting point for a true

EU policy by much of the literature, to latest year (2018)

• Take only binding legislation (Directive, Regulation,

Decision), leaving aside non-binding (Resolution, Conclusion, Information and Recommendation)

• Select from electricity-related fields (Energy and

Environment Directory Code), NOT from energy-related (i.e.

• il)
• Single research point: European Council Registry

identifying the consecutive goals that are set for the main pillars of the EU electricity policy

SLIDE 5

Ambition of the EU electricity policy (2)

quantifying all available binding goals of the European Union in the field

• f electricity, in a selected

period of time

• Look at literature for similar stocktaking exercises
• Policy density (number of policies put in place to reach

a policy goal) + policy intensity (focuses on the content

• f the policy instruments) - BOTH
• Policy outcome (if the policy solved the problem that

was supposed to solve) vs. policy output (looks at actions taken in response to the law) – policy outcome chosen, to simplify research

• Binding goals tagged by pillar, category, importance,

stage, year, etc.

SLIDE 6

Ambition of the EU electricity policy (3)

comparing binding goals against each

• ther to see their

evolution in time.

• What pillars/categories have high/low policy

density/intensity

• Are the four main objectives of energy policies

pursued equally? (i.e. one objective having progressively tightening targets, while another kept at same level)

• Is there a pattern on policy failure (i.e. targets for an

energy objective consistently not achieved)

• Is there a pattern on policy success (i.e. targets for an

energy objective consistently achieved)

SLIDE 7

Empirical research (1)

• About 700 binding obligations/targets
• About 3,000 tags that we can work with

SLIDE 8 2006/908/EC,Euratom: Council Decision of 4 December 2006 on the first instalment of the third Community contribution to the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development for the Chernobyl Shelter Fund 2006/977/Euratom: Council Decision of 19 December 2006 concerning the Specific Programme to be carried out by means of direct actions by the Joint Research Centre implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) for nuclear research and training activities (2007 to 2011) 2006/970/Euratom: Council Decision of 18 December 2006 Concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) for nuclear research and training activities (2007 to 2011) Council Regulation (EC) No 545/96 of 28 March 1996 repealing Regulation (EEC) No 388/75 on notifying the Commission of exports of crude oil and natural gas to third countries 96/243/ECSC: Council Decision of 25 March 1996 approving amendments to the statutes of the Kernkraftwerk RWE- Bayernwerk GmbH (KRB) joint undertaking Euratom: Council Decision of 20 January 1986 approving the conclusion by the Commission of a Memorandum of Understanding between the European Atomic Energy Community and the Government of Canada concerning cooperation in the field of fusion research and development Council Directive 91/148/EEC of 18 March 1991 revoking Directive 75/404/EEC on the restriction of the use of natural gas in power stations

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Council Directive 87/101/EEC of 22 December 1986 amending Directive 75/439/EEC on the disposal of waste oils Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (Text with EEA relevance) 86/85/EEC: Council Decision of 6 March 1986 establishing a Community information system for the control and reduction of pollution caused by the spillage of hydrocarbons and other harmful substances at sea 86/277/EEC: Council Decision of 12 June 1986

• n the conclusion of the Protocol to the 1979

Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution on long-term financing of the cooperative programme for monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transmission of air pollutants in Europe (EMEP) 86/234/EEC: Council Decision of 10 June 1986 adopting multiannual R & D programmes in the field of the environment (1986 to 1990) Council Directive 88/609/EEC of 24 November 1988 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants Directive 2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) 88/523/Euratom: Council Decision of 14 October 1988 adopting a supplementary research programme to be implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the European Atomic Energy Community 92/275/Euratom: Council Decision of 29 April 1992 adopting a supplementary research programme to be implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the European Atomic Energy Community (1992-1995) 96/419/Euratom: Council Decision of 27 June 1996 adopting a supplementary research programme to be implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the European Atomic Energy Community (1996-1999) 88/522/Euratom: Council Decision of 14 October 1988 adopting specific research programmes to be implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the European Atomic Energy Community (1988 to 1991) 92/274/Euratom: Council Decision of 29 April 1992 adopting specific research programmes to be implemented by the joint research centre for the European Atomic Energy Community (1992- 1994) 94/919/Euratom: Council Decision of 15 December 1994 adopting a specific programme

• f research and technological development,

including demonstration, to be implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the European Atomic Energy Community (1995 to 1998) 88/521/EEC: Council Decision of 14 October 1988 adopting specific research programmes to be implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the European Economic Community (1988 to 1991) 88/448/Euratom: Council Decision of 25 July 1988 adopting a multiannual research and training programme in the field of controlled thermonuclear fusion 91/678/Euratom: Council Decision of 19 December 1991 adopting a research and training programme in the field of controlled thermonuclear fusion ( 1991 to 1994 ) 94/806/EC: Council Decision of 23 November 1994 adopting a specific programme for research and technological development, including demonstration, in the field of non- nuclear energy (1994 to 1998) 1999/64/Euratom: Council Decision of 22 December 1998 concerning the Fifth Framework Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) for research and training activities (1998 to 2002) Council Decision of 15 December 1989 adopting a specific research and technical development programme for the European Atomic Energy Community in the field of management and storage of radioactive waste (1990 to 1994) Council Decision of 18 July 1989 adopting a research and training programme for the European Atomic Energy Community in the field

• f remote handling in hazardous or disordered

nuclear environments (1989 to 1993) TELEMAN Council Decision of 20 June 1989 adopting a specific research and training programme for the European Atomic Energy Community in the field of radiation protection (1990 to 1991) Council Decision of 14 March 1989 adopting a research and technological development programme for the European Atomic Energy Community in the field of the decommissioning

• f nuclear installations (1989 to 1993)

Council Decision of 14 March 1989 on a specific research and technological development programme in the field of energy - non-nuclear energies and rational use of energy - 1989 to 1992 (Joule) 91/484/EEC: Council Decision of 9 September 1991 adopting a specific research and technological development programme in the field of non-nuclear energy (1990 to 1994) Council Decision of 5 June 1989 on a Community action programme for improving the efficiency

• f electricity use

96/737/EC: Council Decision of 16 December 1996 concerning a multiannual programme for the promotion of energy efficiency in the Community - SAVE II Decision No 647/2000/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 February 2000 adopting a multiannual programme for the promotion of energy efficiency (SAVE) (1998 to 2002) Council Directive 90/547/EEC of 29 October 1990 on the transit of electricity through transmission grids Directive 2003/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2003 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing Directive 96/92/E Directive 2009/72/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing Directive 2003/54/EC Council Regulation (EEC) No 1210/90 of 7 May 1990 on the establishment of the European Environment Agency and the European Environment Information and Observation Network Regulation (EC) No 401/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009

• n the European Environment Agency and the

European Environment Information and Observation Network Council Regulation (EEC) No 2008/90 of 29 June 1990 concerning the promotion of energy technology in Europe (THERMIE programme) 91/565/EEC: Council Decision of 29 October 1991 concerning the promotion of energy efficiency in the Community (SAVE programme) 90/212/Euratom: Council Decision of 23 April 1990 amending Decision 77/271/Euratom on the implementation of Decision 77/270/Euratom empowering the Commission to issue Euratom loans for the purpose of contributing to the financing of nuclear power stations Directive 90/377/EEC of 29 June 1990 concerning a Community procedure to improve the transparency of gas and electricity prices charged to industrial end-users Directive 2008/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 concerning a Community procedure to improve the transparency of gas and electricity prices charged to industrial end-users (recast) 91/626/Euratom: Council Decision of 28 November 1991 adopting a research and education programme in the field of nuclear fission safety (1990 to 1994) 94/920/Euratom: Council Decision of 15 December 1994 adopting a specific programme

• f research and training in the field of nuclear

fission safety (reactor safety, waste management and radiation protection) (1994 to 1998) 87/289/Euratom: Council Decision of 2 June 1987 approving amendments to the Statutes of the Joint European Torus (JET), Joint Undertaking 88/447/Euratom: Council Decision of 25 July 1988 approving an amendment to the statutes of the Joint European Torus (JET), Joint Undertaking 91/677/Euratom: Council Decision of 19 December 1991 approving amendments to the Statutes of the Joint European Torus (JET), Joint Undertaking Council Directive 91/296/EEC of 31 May 1991

• n the transit of natural gas through grids

Council Regulation (EEC) No 1973/92 of 21 May 1992 establishing a financial instrument for the environment (LIFE) Council Regulation (EC) No 1404/96 of 15 July 1996 amending Regulation (EEC) No 1973/92 establishing a financial instrument for the environment (Life) Regulation (EC) No 1655/2000 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 July 2000 concerning the Financial Instrument for the Environment (LIFE) Regulation (EC) No 1682/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 September 2004 amending Regulation (EC) No 1655/2000 concerning the Financial Instrument for the Environment (LIFE) Regulation (EC) No 614/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 May 2007 concerning the Financial Instrument for the Environment (LIFE+) - Commission statement Regulation (EU) No 1293/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 on the establishment of a Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) and repealing Regulation (EC) No 614/2007 Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora Council Decision of 13 September 1993 concerning the promotion of renewable energy sources in the Community (Altener) 98/352/EC: Council Decision of 18 May 1998 concerning a multiannual programme for the promotion of renewable energy sources in the Community (Altener II) Decision No 646/2000/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 February 2000 adopting a multiannual programme for the promotion of renewable energy sources in the Community (Altener) (1998 to 2002) 94/69/EC: Council Decision of 15 December 1993 concerning the conclusion of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 93/389/EEC: Council Decision of 24 June 1993 for a monitoring mechanism of Community CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions 93/361/EEC: Council Decision of 17 May 1993

• n the accession of the Community to the

Protocol to the 1979 Geneva Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution concerning the control of emissions of nitrogen

• xides or their transboundary fluxes

98/686/EC: Council Decision of 23 March 1998

• n the conclusion by the European Community
• f the Protocol to the 1979 Convention on long-

range transboundary air pollution on further reductions of sulphur emissions

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Council Directive 94/66/EC of 15 December 1994 amending Directive 88/609/EEC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants 94/799/Euratom: Council Decision of 8 December 1994 adopting a specific programme

• f research and training in the field of

controlled thermonuclear fusion (1994 to 1998) 94/268/Euratom: Council Decision of 26 April 1994 concerning a framework programme of Community activities in the field of research and training for the European Atomic Energy Community (1994 to 1998) 94/179/Euratom: Council Decision of 21 March 1994 amending Decision 77/270/Euratom, to authorize the Commission to contract Euratom borrowings in order to contribute to the financing required for improving the degree of safety and efficiency of nuclear power stations in certain non- member countries Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control Directive 2008/1/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (Codified version) (Text with EEA relevance ) 96/253/Euratom: Council Decision of 4 March 1996 adapting Decision 94/268/Euratom concerning a framework programme of Community activities in the field of research and training for the European Atomic Energy Community (1994 to 1998), following the accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden to the European Union Council Directive 96/62/EC of 27 September 1996 on ambient air quality assessment and management Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008

• n ambient air quality and cleaner air for

Europe 96/305/Euratom: Council Decision of 7 May 1996 approving amendments to the Statutes of the Joint European Torus (JET), Joint Undertaking Council Regulation (EC) No 24/97

• f 20 December 1996 repealing

Regulation (EEC) No 1729/76 concerning the communication of information on the state of the Community's energy supplies 97/7/EC: Council Decision of 20 December 1996 repealing Directive 75/339/EEC obliging the Member States to maintain minimum stocks of fossil fuel at thermal power stations Council Regulation (EC) No 547/96

• f 28 March 1996 repealing

Regulation (EEC) No 1038/79 on Community support for a hydrocarbon exploration project in Greenland Council Regulation (EC) No 736/96 of 22 April 1996 on notifying the Commission of investment projects of interest to the Community in the petroleum, natural gas and electricity sectors Council Regulation (EC) No 546/96 of 28 March 1996 repealing Regulation (EEC) No 1055/72 on notifying the Commission of imports of crude oil and natural gas Decision No 1254/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 June 1996 laying down a series of guidelines for trans- European energy networks Council Regulation (EC) No 701/97

• f 14 April 1997 amending a

programme to promote international cooperation in the energy sector - Synergy programme 1999/23/EC: Council Decision of 14 December 1998 adopting a multiannual programme to promote international cooperation in the energy sector (1998-2002) Council Regulation (EC) No 2598/97 of 18 December 1997 extending the programme to promote international cooperation in the energy sector - Synergy programme 97/872/EC: Council Decision of 16 December 1997 on a Community action programme promoting non-governmental organizations primarily active in the field of environmental protection Decision No 466/2002/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 1 March 2002 laying down a Community action programme promoting non-governmental organisations primarily active in the field of environmental protection Council Regulation (EC) No 722/97 of 22 April 1997 on environmental measures in developing countries in the context of sustainable development Council Directive 97/11/EC of 3 March 1997 amending Directive 85/337/EEC on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment 98/704/Euratom: Council Decision of 22 June 1998 concerning the extension of the duration of the Agreement among the European Atomic Energy Community, the Government of Japan, the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the United States of America

• n cooperation in the engineering design

activities (EDA) for the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) 2007/198/Euratom: Council Decision of 27 March 2007 establishing the European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy and conferring advantages upon it 2013/791/Euratom: Council Decision of 13 December 2013 amending Decision 2007/198/Euratom establishing the European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development

• f Fusion Energy and conferring advantages

upon it 98/585/Euratom: Council Decision of 13 October 1998 approving amendments to the Statutes of the Joint European Torus (JET), Joint Undertaking 1999/37/EC: Council Decision of 26 November 1998 on the position to be taken by the European Community on the rules concerning the conduct of the conciliation of transit disputes to be adopted by the Energy Charter Conference 98/537/EC: Council Decision of 13 July 1998 approving the text of the amendment to the trade-related provisions of the Energy Charter Treaty and its provisional application agreed by the Energy Charter Conference and the International Conference of the Signatories of the Energy Charter Treaty 2001/595/EC: Council Decision of 13 July 2001 on the conclusion by the European Community of the Amendment to the trade-related provisions of the Energy Charter Treaty 98/181/EC, ECSC, Euratom: Council and Commission Decision of 23 September 1997 on the conclusion, by the European Communities, of the Energy Charter Treaty and the Energy Charter Protocol on energy efficiency and related environmental aspects Directive 98/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 concerning common rules for the internal market in natural gas Directive 94/22/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 1994 on the conditions for granting and using authorizations for the prospection, exploration and production

• f hydrocarbons

96/391/EC: Council Decision of 28 March 1996 laying down a series of measures aimed at creating a more favourable context for the development of trans-European networks in the energy sector 1999/21/EC, Euratom: Council Decision of 14 December 1998 adopting a multiannual framework programme for actions in the energy sector (1998-2002) and connected measures 1999/24/EC: Council Decision of 14 December 1998 adopting a multiannual programme of technological actions promoting the clean and efficient use of solid fuels (1998 to 2002) 1999/22/EC: Council Decision of 14 December 1998 adopting a multiannual programme of studies, analyses, forecasts and other related work in the energy sector (1998-2002) 1999/25/Euratom: Council Decision of 14 December 1998 adopting a multiannual programme (1998 to 2002) of actions in the nuclear sector, relating to the safe transport of radioactive materials and to safeguards and industrial cooperation to promote certain aspects of the safety of nuclear installations in the countries currently participating in the Tacis programme Decision No 2179/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 September 1998 on the review of the European Community programme of policy and action in relation to the environment and sustainable development 'Towards sustainability" Council Directive 97/62/EC of 27 October 1997 adapting to technical and scientific progress Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora Decision No 1741/1999/EC of the European Parliament and OF THE Council of 29 July 1999 amending Decision No 1254/96/EC laying down a series of guidelines for trans- European energy networks Directive 96/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 December 1996 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity Decision No 1047/97/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 May 1997 amending Decision No 1254/96/EC laying down a series of guidelines for trans- European energy networks 1999/175/Euratom: Council Decision of 25 January 1999 adopting a research and training programme (Euratom) in the field of nuclear energy (1998 to 2002) 1999/176/Euratom: Council Decision of 25 January 1999 adopting a specific programme for research and training to be carried out by the Joint Research Centre by means of direct actions for the European Atomic Energy Community (1998 to 2002) Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste Regulation (EC) No 2493/2000 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 November 2000 on measures to promote the full integration of the environmental dimension in the development process of developing countries Council Directive 1999/30/EC of 22 April 1999 relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air 1999/296/EC: Council Decision of 26 April 1999 amending Decision 93/389/EEC for a monitoring mechanism of Community CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions 2001/761/Euratom: Council Decision of 27 September 2001 authorising the conclusion by the Commission of two Cooperation Agreements between the European Autonomic Energy Community and the Government of the Russian Federation in the fields of nuclear safety and controlled nuclear fusion 2001/411/Euratom: Council Decision of 8 March 2001 approving the conclusion, by the Commission, of the Agreement for cooperation between the European Atomic Energy Community represented by the Commission and the Department of Energy of the United States of America in the field of fusion energy research and development 2001/592/EC: Council Decision of 18 June 2001

• n the conclusion of the Agreement between

the European Community and the Republic of Cyprus concerning the participation of the Republic of Cyprus in the European Environment Agency and the European environment information and observation network X 13 97/101/EC: Council Decision of 27 January 1997 establishing a reciprocal exchange of information and data from networks and individual stations measuring ambient air pollution within the Member States Council Regulation (EC) No 933/1999 of 29 April 1999 amending Regulation (EEC) No 1210/90 on the establishment of the European Environment Agency and the European environment information and observation network 2001/379/EC: Council Decision of 4 April 2001

• n the approval, on behalf of the European

Community, of the Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution on Heavy Metals 2001/353/EC: Council Decision of 9 April 2001 laying down the new guidelines applicable to actions and measures to be taken under the multiannual programme to promote international cooperation in the energy sector (1998 to 2002) under the multiannual framework programme for actions in the energy sector and connected measures Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the promotion of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in the internal electricity market Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009

• n the promotion of the use of energy from

renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2001

• n the assessment of the effects of certain plans

and programmes on the environment 2002/668/Euratom: Council Decision of 3 June 2002 concerning the sixth framework programme of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) for nuclear research and training activities, also contributing to the creation of the European Research Area (2002 to 2006) 2002/837/Euratom: Council Decision of 30 September 2002 adopting a specific programme (Euratom) for research and training on nuclear energy (2002–2006) Council Regulation No 2322/2002 (Euratom) of 5 November 2002 concerning the rules for the participation of undertakings, research centres and universities in the implementation of the sixth framework programme of the European Atomic Energy Community (2002 to 2006) 2002/838/Euratom: Council Decision of 30 September 2002 adopting a specific programme for research and training to be carried out by the Joint Research Centre by means of direct actions for the European Atomic Energy Community (2002-2006) 97/8/EC: Council Decision of 20 December 1996 repealing Directive 75/405/EEC concerning the restriction of the use of petroleum products in power stations Council Regulation (EC) No 1407/2002 of 23 July 2002 on State aid to the coal industry 2002/356/Euratom: Council Decision of 7 May 2002 on the extension of the advantages conferred on the Joint Undertaking Hochtemperatur-Kernkraftwerk GmbH (HKG) 2002/355/Euratom: Council Decision of 7 May 2002 on extension of the joint-undertaking status

• f Hochtemperatur-Kernkraftwerk GmbH (HKG)

Council Regulation (Euratom) No 2587/1999 of 2 December 1999 defining the investment projects to be communicated to the Commission in accordance with Article 41 of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community Decision No 1600/2002/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 2002 laying down the Sixth Community Environment Action Programme 2002/358/EC: Council Decision of 25 April 2002 concerning the approval, on behalf of the European Community, of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the joint fulfilment of commitments thereunder 2003/744/Euratom: Council Decision of 22 September 2003 approving the conclusion by the Commission of an Agreement for cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy between the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) and the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan Directive 2003/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2003 concerning common rules for the internal market in natural gas and repealing Directive 98/30/EC Regulation (EC) No 1228/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2003

• n conditions for access to the network for

cross-border exchanges in electricity (Text with EEA relevance) Decision No 1229/2003/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2003 laying down a series of guidelines for trans- European energy networks and repealing Decision No 1254/96/EC Regulation (EC) No 714/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on conditions for access to the network for cross- border exchanges in electricity and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1228/2003 Decision No 1230/2003/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2003 adopting a multiannual programme for action in the field of energy: "Intelligent Energy — Europe" (2003 — 2006) (Text with EEA relevance) 2003/462/EC: Council Decision of 19 May 2003

• n the signing on behalf of the European

Community and provisional application of a Framework Agreement on a Multilateral Nuclear Environmental Programme in the Russian Federation and its Protocol on Claims, Legal Proceedings and Indemnification and approving the conclusion by the Commission on behalf of the European Atomic Energy Community of the abovementioned Agreement and its Protocol Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC (Text with EEA relevance) Directive 2003/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61 Directive 2003/4/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC Regulation (EC) No 1641/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 2003 amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 1210/90

• n the establishment of the European

Environment Agency and the European Environment Information and Observation Network 2003/507/EC: Council Decision of 13 June 2003

• n the accession of the European Community, to

the Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long- Range Transboundary Air Pollution to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level Ozone Council Decision of 13 December 2004 appointing the members of the Advisory Committee of the Euratom Supply Agency Council Decision of 18 September 2006 appointing a member of the Advisory Committee of the Euratom Supply Agency Council Decision of 19 November 2007 appointing a member of the Advisory Committee of the Euratom Supply Agency 2007/514/Euratom: Council Decision of 10 July 2007 appointing members of the Advisory Committee of the Euratom Supply Agency 2008/114/EC,Euratom: Council Decision of 12 February 2008 establishing Statutes for the Euratom Supply Agency Council Directive 2004/85/EC of 28 June 2004 amending Directive 2003/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the application of certain provisions to Estonia Council Regulation (EC) No 1223/2004 of 28 June 2004 amending Regulation (EC) No 1228/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the date of application of certain provisions to Slovenia Council Directive 2004/67/EC of 26 April 2004 concerning measures to safeguard security of natural gas supply (Text with EEA relevance) 2004/444/Euratom: Council Decision of 26 April 2004 amending Decision 2002/668/Euratom to adapt the financial reference amount in order to take account of the enlargement of the European Union 2004/185/Euratom: Council Decision of 19 February 2004 concerning the adoption of a supplementary research programme to be implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the European Atomic Energy Community 2009/410/Euratom: Council Decision of 25 May 2009 on the adoption of a supplementary research programme to be implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the European Atomic Energy Community 2012/709/Euratom: Council Decision of 13 November 2012 on the adoption of the 2012- 2015 High Flux Reactor supplementary research programme to be implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the European Atomic Energy Community Directive 2004/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market and amending Directive 92/42/EEC Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC Directive 2004/101/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 2004 amending Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community, in respect of the Kyoto Protocol's project mechanisms 2004/259/EC: Council Decision of 19 February 2004 concerning the conclusion, on behalf of the European Community, of the Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants Decision No 280/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 concerning a mechanism for monitoring Community greenhouse gas emissions and for implementing the Kyoto Protocol Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013

• n a mechanism for monitoring and reporting

greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting

• ther information at national and Union level

relevant to climate change and repealing Decision No 280/2004/EC 2005/231/EC: Council Decision of 7 March 2005 authorising Sweden to apply a reduced rate of taxation to electricity consumed by households and service sector companies situated in certain areas in the north of Sweden in accordance with Article 19 of Directive 2003/96/EC 2006/503/EC: Council Decision of 11 July 2006 amending Decision 2005/231/EC authorising Sweden to apply a reduced rate of taxation to electricity consumed by certain households and service sector companies in accordance with Article 19 of Directive 2003/96/EC 2012/47/EU: Council Implementing Decision of 24 January 2012 authorising Sweden to apply a reduced rate of taxation to electricity consumed by households and service sector companies situated in certain areas in the north of Sweden in accordance with Article 19 of Directive 2003/96/EC 2005/905/EC: Council Decision of 17 October 2005 on the signing by the European Community

• f the Energy Community Treaty

2006/500/EC: Council Decision of 29 May 2006

• n the conclusion by the European Community
• f the Energy Community Treaty

Regulation (EC) No 1775/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 September 2005 on conditions for access to the natural gas transmission networks (Text with EEA relevance) Regulation (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on conditions for access to the natural gas transmission networks and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1775/2005 2005/336/: Council Decision of 18 April 2005 amending the Council Decision of 16 December 1980 setting up the Consultative Committee for the Fusion Programme 2005/923/EC: Council Decision of 2 December 2005 on the signing on behalf of the European Community of the Protocol on Soil Protection, the Protocol on Energy and the Protocol on Tourism to the Alpine Convention 2005/370/EC: Council Decision of 17 February 2005 on the conclusion, on behalf of the European Community, of the Convention on access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters Regulation (EC) No 1367/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 September 2006 on the application of the provisions of the Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision- making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters to Community institutions and bodies 2005/84/Euratom:Council Decision of 24 January 2005 approving the accession of the European Atomic Energy Community to the ‘Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management’ Directive 2005/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 January 2006 concerning measures to safeguard security

• f electricity supply and infrastructure

investment 2011/334/Euratom: Council Decision of 21 November 2006 approving the conclusion, by the Commission, of the Agreement for cooperation between the European Atomic Energy Community represented by the Commission of the European Communities and the Government

• f the Republic of Korea in the field of fusion

energy research 2007/614/Euratom: Council Decision of 30 January 2007 concerning the conclusion, by the Commission, of the Agreement between the European Atomic Energy Community and the Government of Japan for the Joint Implementation of the Broader Approach Activities in the Field of Fusion Energy Research 2010/488/Euratom: Council Decision of 16 November 2009 approving the conclusion, by the Commission, of the Agreement for cooperation between the European Atomic Energy Community and the Government of the Federative Republic of Brazil in the field of fusion energy research 2010/487/Euratom: Council Decision of 9 October 2009 on the conclusion, by the Commission, of the Agreement for cooperation between the European Atomic Energy Community and the Government of the Republic

• f India in the field of fusion energy research

Council Regulation (Euratom) No 1314/2013 of 16 December 2013 on the Research and Training Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community (2014-2018) complementing the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation 2006/976/Euratom: Council Decision of 19 December 2006 concerning the Specific Programme implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) for nuclear research and training activities (2007 to 2011) 2006/971/EC: Council Decision of 19 December 2006 concerning the Specific Programme Cooperation implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013) Council Regulation (EC) No 1990/2006 of 21 December 2006 on the implementation of Protocol 4 on the Ignalina nuclear power plant in Lithuania to the Act of Accession of the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia Ignalina Programme Council Regulation (Euratom) No 1369/2013 of 13 December 2013 on Union support for the nuclear decommissioning assistance programme in Lithuania, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1990/2006 2006/969/EC: Council Decision of 18 December 2006 concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) or nuclear research and training activities (2007 to 2011) Directive 2006/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2006 on energy end-use efficiency and energy services and repealing Council Directive 93/76/EEC 2007/773/Euratom: Council Decision of 26 November 2007 on a one year extension of the supplementary research programme to be implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the European Atomic Energy Community 2006/61/EC: Council Decision of 2 December 2005 on the conclusion, on behalf of the European Community, of the UN-ECE Protocol

• n Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers

2007/727/EC: Council Decision of 8 November 2007 authorising the Republic of Slovenia to ratify, in the interest of the European Community, the Protocol of 12 February 2004 amending the Paris Convention of 29 July 1960

• n Third-Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear

Energy 2007/513/Euratom: Council Decision of 10 July 2007 approving the accession of the European Atomic Energy Community to the amended Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities - Declaration by the European Atomic Energy Community according to Articles 18(4) and 17(3) of the CPPNM Council Regulation (Euratom) No 549/2007 of 14 May 2007 on the implementation of Protocol No 9 on Unit 1 and Unit 2 of the Bohunice V1 nuclear power plant in Slovakia to the Act concerning the conditions of accession to the European Union of the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia Council Regulation (Euratom) No 1368/2013 of 13 December 2013 on Union support for the nuclear decommissioning assistance programmes in Bulgaria and Slovakia, and repealing Regulations (Euratom) No 549/2007 and (Euratom) No 647/2010 Council Regulation (Euratom) No 300/2007 of 19 February 2007 establishing an Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation Council Regulation (EC) No 172/2007 of 16 February 2007 amending Annex V to Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council on persistent organic pollutants Text with EEA relevance Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 on energy statistics (Text with EEA relevance) 2008/182/Euratom: Council Decision of 25 February 2008 amending Council Decision of 16 December 1980 setting up the Consultative Committee for the Fusion Programme Directive 2008/3/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 amending Directive 2003/54/EC as regards the application

• f certain provisions to Estonia

Directive 2008/99/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on the protection of the environment through criminal law Directive 2008/101/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to include aviation activities in the scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community 2008/871/EC: Council Decision of 20 October 2008 on the approval, on behalf of the European Community, of the Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment to the 1991 UN/ECE Espoo Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context Regulation (EC) No 663/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 establishing a programme to aid economic recovery by granting Community financial assistance to projects in the field of energy 2009/954/EC: Council Decision of 30 November 2009 on the signing and conclusion of the Terms

• f Reference for the International Partnership

for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC) and the Memorandum concerning the hosting by the International Energy Agency of the Secretariat to the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation by the European Community 2009/806/EC: Council Decision of 19 October 2009 on the signing of the Statute of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) by the European Community Directive 2009/73/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning common rules for the internal market in natural gas and repealing Directive 2003/55/EC Regulation (EC) No 1221/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the voluntary participation by

• rganisations in a Community eco-management

and audit scheme (EMAS), repealing Regulation (EC) No 761/2001 and Commission Decisions 2001/681/EC and 2006/193/EC Decision No 406/2009/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009

• n the effort of Member States to reduce their

greenhouse gas emissions to meet the Community’s greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments up to 2020 Directive 2009/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009

• n the geological storage of carbon dioxide and

amending Council Directive 85/337/EEC, European Parliament and Council Directives 2000/60/EC, 2001/80/EC, 2004/35/EC, 2006/12/EC, 2008/1/EC and Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 Council Directive 2009/71/Euratom of 25 June 2009 establishing a Community framework for the nuclear safety of nuclear installations Directive 2009/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community 2011/186/Euratom: Council Decision of 14 June 2010 approving the conclusion, by the European Commission […] and Turkmenistan, of the other part, and the Exchange of Letters amending the Interim Agreement as regards the authentic language versions Regulation (EU) No 1233/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 663/2009 establishing a programme to aid economic recovery by granting Community financial assistance to projects in the field of energy 2010/787/EU: Council Decision of 10 December 2010 on State aid to facilitate the closure of uncompetitive coal mines Regulation (EU) No 994/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 October 2010 concerning measures to safeguard security

• f gas supply and repealing Council Directive

2004/67/EC Regulation (Euratom) No 647/2010 of the Council of 13 July 2010 on financial assistance of the Union with respect to the decommissioning

• f Units 1 to 4 of the KozloduyNuclear Power

Plant in Bulgaria (KozloduyProgramme) Council Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 617/2010

• f 24 June 2010 concerning the notification to

the Commission of investment projects in energy infrastructure within the European Union and repealing Regulation (EC) No 736/96 2010/385/: Council Decision of 24 June 2010 on the conclusion of the Statute of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) by the European Union Regulation (EU) No 1227/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on wholesale energy market integrity and transparency 2012/93/Euratom: Council Decision of 19 December 2011 concerning the Framework Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community for nuclear research and training activities (2012 to 2013) 2012/95/Euratom: Council Decision of 19 December 2011 concerning the specific programme, to be carried out by means of direct actions by the Joint Research Centre, implementing the Framework Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community for nuclear research and training activities (2012- 2013) Council Regulation (Euratom) No 139/2012 of 19 December 2011 laying down the rules for the participation of undertakings, research centres and universities in indirect actions under the Framework Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community and for the dissemination of research results (2012-2013)) 2012/94/Euratom: Council Decision of 19 December 2011 concerning the specific programme, to be carried out by means of indirect actions, implementing the Framework Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community for nuclear research and training activities (2012-2013) 2011/886/EU: Council Decision of 12 December 2011 on the position to be taken by the European Union in the EEA Joint Committee concerning an amendment to Annex IV (Energy) to the EEA Agreement 2011/374/Euratom: Council Decision of 17 June 2011 on extension of the advantages conferred

• n the joint undertaking Hochtemperatur-

Kernkraftwerk GmbH (HKG) 2011/362/Euratom: Council Decision of 17 June 2011 on extension of the joint-undertaking status

• f Hochtemperatur-Kernkraftwerk GmbH (HKG)

Regulation (EU) No 691/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2011 on European environmental economic accounts Council Directive 2011/70/Euratom of 19 July 2011 establishing a Community framework for the responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste 2013/4/Euratom: Council Decision of 11 December 2012 approving the conclusion, by the European Commission, of the Agreement on scientific and technological cooperation between the European Atomic Energy Community, of the one part, and the Swiss Confederation, of the other part, associating the Swiss Confederation to the Framework Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community for nuclear research and training activities (2012-2013) Decision No 994/2012/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing an information exchange mechanism with regard to intergovernmental agreements between Member States and third countries in the field of energy 2013/5/EU: Council Decision of 17 December 2012 on the accession of the European Union to the Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution resulting from exploration and exploitation of the continental shelf and the seabed and its subsoil Regulation (EU) No 347/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2013

• n guidelines for trans-European energy

infrastructure and repealing Decision No 1364/2006/EC and amending Regulations (EC) No 713/2009, (EC) No 714/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 Decision No 1364/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 September 2006 laying down guidelines for trans-European energy networks and repealing Decision 96/391/EC and Decision No 1229/2003/EC 2013/434/EU: Council Decision of 15 July 2013 authorising certain Member States to ratify, or to accede to, the Protocol amending the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage of 21 May 1963 , in the interest of the European Union, and to make a declaration on the application of the relevant internal rules of Union law Council Directive 2013/18/EU of 13 May 2013 adapting Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion

• f the use of energy from renewable sources, by

reason of the accession of the Republic of Croatia Council Directive 2013/12/EU of 13 May 2013 adapting Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on energy efficiency, by reason of the accession of the Republic of Croatia Decision No 1386/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 November 2013 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2020 ‘Living well, within the limits of our planet’ Directive 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 June 2013

• n safety of offshore oil and gas operations and

amending Directive 2004/35/EC Decision No 529/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013

• n accounting rules on greenhouse gas

emissions and removals resulting from activities relating to land use, land-use change and forestry and on information concerning actions relating to those activities Decision No 377/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 April 2013 derogating temporarily from Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community Council Regulation (Euratom) No 237/2014 of 13 December 2013 establishing an Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation Decision No 1359/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 amending Directive 2003/87/EC clarifying provisions on the timing of auctions of greenhouse gas allowances Regulation (EU) No 256/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 concerning the notification to the Commission of investment projects in energy infrastructure within the European Union, replacing Council Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 617/2010 and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 736/96 Council Directive 2014/87/Euratom of 8 July 2014 amending Directive 2009/71/Euratom establishing a Community framework for the nuclear safety of nuclear installations Regulation (EU) No 662/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 amending Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 as regards the technical implementation of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Regulation (EU) No 421/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 amending Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community, in view of the implementation by 2020 of an international agreement applying a single global market- based measure to international aviation emissions Council Decision (EU) 2015/1773 of 1 October 2015 on the position to be adopted, on behalf of the European Union, within the EEA Joint Committee concerning an amendment to Annex XXI (Statistics) to the EEA Agreement (Energy Statistics) Council Decision (Euratom) 2015/224 of 10 February 2015 amending Decision 2007/198/Euratom establishing the European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development

• f Fusion Energy and conferring advantages

upon itInstrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation Directive (EU) 2015/2193 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from medium combustion plants Decision (EU) 2015/1814 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 October 2015 concerning the establishment and operation of a market stability reserve for the Union greenhouse gas emission trading scheme and amending Directive 2003/87/EC Council Decision (EU) 2015/1339 of 13 July 2015

• n the conclusion, on behalf of the European

Union, of the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the joint fulfilment of commitments thereunder Council Decision (EU) 2015/1340 of 13 July 2015

• n the conclusion, on behalf of the European

Union, of the Agreement between the European Union […] and Iceland, of the other part, concerning […] the second commitment period

• f the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations

Framework Convention on Climate Change Council Decision (EU) 2015/146 of 26 January 2015 on the signing, on behalf of the European Union, of the agreement between the European Union […] and Iceland, of the other part, concerning […] the second commitment period

• f the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations

Framework Convention on Climate Change Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2016 on European statistics on natural gas and electricity prices and repealing Directive 2008/92/EC Council Decision (Euratom) 2016/2116 of 12 February 2016 approving the conclusion by the European Commission, on behalf of the European Atomic Energy Community, of the Agreement extending the Framework Agreement for International Collaboration on Research and Development of Generation IV nuclearenergy systems Council Decision (CFSP) 2016/2001 of 15 November 2016 on a Union contribution to the establishment and the secure management of a Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) Bank under the control of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in the framework of the EU Strategy against the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants, amending Directive 2003/35/EC and repealing Directive 2001/81/EC Council Decision (EU) 2016/915 of 30 May 2016

• n the position to be taken on behalf of the

European Union with regard to the international instrument to be drawn up within the ICAO bodies and intended to lead to the implementation from 2020 of a single global market-based measure for international aviation emissions Regulation (EU) 2017/1938 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2017 concerning measures to safeguard the security of gas supply and repealing Regulation (EU) No 994/2010 Decision (EU) 2017/684 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2017 on establishing an information exchange mechanism with regard to intergovernmental agreements and non-binding instruments between Member States and third countries in the field of energy, and repealing Decision No 994/2012/EU Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/2409

• f 18 December 2017 authorising Sweden to

apply a reduced rate of excise duty on electricity consumed by households and service sector companies situated in certain areas in the North

• f Sweden in accordance with Article 19 of

Directive 2003/96/EC Council Decision (Euratom) 2017/956 of 29 May 2017 on the adoption of the 2016-2019 high flux reactor supplementary research programme to be implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the European Atomic Energy Community Regulation (EU) 2017/2392 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2017 amending Directive 2003/87/EC to continue current limitations of scope for aviation activities and to prepare to implement a global market-based measure from 2021 Council Decision (EU) 2017/2240 of 10 November 2017 on the signing, on behalf of the Union, and provisional application of the Agreement between the European Union and the Swiss Confederation on the linking of their greenhouse gas emissions trading systems Council Decision (EU) 2017/1757 of 17 July 2017

• n the acceptance on behalf of the European

Union of an Amendment to the 1999 Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level Ozone Council Decision (EU) 2017/1138 of 19 June 2017 on the position to be taken on behalf of the European Union at the first meeting of the Conference of the Parties of the Minamata Convention on Mercury as regards the adoption

• f the required content of the certification

referred to in Article 3(12) of the Convention and of the guidance referred to in Article 8(8) and (9) of the Convention Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union Directive (EU) 2018/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 amending Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency Council Regulation (Euratom) 2018/1563 of 15 October 2018 on the Research and Training Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community (2019–2020) complementing the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, and repealing Regulation (Euratom) No 1314/2013 Regulation (EU) 2018/1504 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 2 October 2018 repealing Regulation (EU) No 256/2014 concerning the notification to the Commission

• f investment projects in energy infrastructure

within the European Union Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources Council Decision (EU) 2018/1279 of 18 September 2018 on the position to be taken on behalf of the European Union within the Joint Committee established by the Agreement between the European Union and the Swiss Confederation Regulation (EU) 2018/842 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018

• n binding annual greenhouse gas emission

reductions by Member States from 2021 to 2030 contributing to climate action to meet commitments under the Paris Agreement and amending Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 Regulation (EU) 2018/842 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018

• n binding annual greenhouse gas emission

reductions by Member States from 2021 to 2030 contributing to climate action to meet commitments under the Paris Agreement and amending Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 Council Decision (EU) 2018/219 of 23 January 2018 on the conclusion of the Agreement between the European Union and the Swiss Confederation on the linking of their greenhouse gas emissions trading systems Directive (EU) 2018/410 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2018 amending Directive 2003/87/EC to enhance cost-effective emission reductions and low- carbon investments, and Decision (EU) 2015/1814

SLIDE 9

Legend

Affordability Security of supply Environment Internal market Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency and Savings Internal Energy Markets Security of Energy Supply Environmental Protection Nuclear Energy Nuclear Research Research and Development

Category Pillar

Direct reference (repeal, update, part of a framework, etc.) Referred (connected to) or related

Lines

SLIDE 10

SLIDE 11

Empirical research (2) - consistency

• Great attention given to consistency:
• Mapping exercise allows seeing similar branches of legislation, for consistent

tagging

• Set of rules defined (i.e. Nuclear Energy is on pillar affordability, because it is

not publicly perceived as environment-friendly; and EU has little uranium, so cannot be security of supply)

• Each legislation followed (if repealed, expired, in force, etc.) to make sure no

legislation is missed*

• Checksums calculated, to make sure all identified legislation is included (see

next slide)

*some are missing indeed (not in Energy and Environment)

SLIDE 12

Early results

• Few programmes ever closed
• Some years see very high number of new legislation (new Commission?)
• Binding legislation increasing with every phase
• MS reporting data to the Commission on issue==>(guidelines?)==>issue gets

environmentally limited (emissions, permits, etc)

• Fission getting large finance since 1988
• CO2 emissions an issue since early 1990s
• Gradual expansion of EU institutions (EEA, ENTSO-E, Eurostat)
• Electricity across borders since 1990s
• Hard to "catch" all environmental legislation because of unknown effects
• Sometimes legislation in both Energy and Environment fields
• Never a reduction of Commission's duties

SLIDE 13

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Number of documents

EU electricity legislation

End of stage TOTAL documents Environment Electricity-relevant (incl. non-binding) Environment TOTAL documents Energy Electricity-relevant (incl. non-binding) Energy Legally-binding legislations Linear (Legally-binding legislations)

SLIDE 14

Division I: Pillars

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Pillars

Pillar Environment Pillar Affordability Pillar internal Market Pillar Security of Supply

46% 26% 22% 5%

Pillar Environment Pillar Affordability Pillar internal Market Pillar Security of Supply

% of total EU electricity-binding legislation

SLIDE 15

Division II: Categories of EU electricity binding legislation

Environmental Protection Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency and Savings Internal Energy Markets Security of Energy Supply Nuclear Energy Nuclear Research Research and Development

SLIDE 16

EU environment-legislation…

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Number of legislative documents Environmental Protection Renewable Energy

SLIDE 17

EU environment-legislation is increasingly climate-legislation

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Number of legislative documents Environmental Protection Renewable Energy Climate Climate-support

SLIDE 18

Internal market legislation…

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017

• No. of legislation

GW RES electricity production capacities by main fuel groups and selected EU electricity legislation Internal Energy Markets legislation Climate legislation Climate-support legislation (incl. RES) Hydro Geothermal Wind Solar thermal Solar photovoltaic Tide, wave, ocean Nuclear fuels

SLIDE 19

Internal market legislation…no linear relationship with new RES dev.

New RES- Internal market legislation 0,045 New RES- climate legislation 0,451 New RES- climate+internal market 0,340 Correlation magnitude (CORREL function)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 50 100 150 200 250 300 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

• No. of legislation

GW Electricity production capacities by main fuel groups and selected EU electricity legislation Internal Energy Markets legislation Climate legislation Climate-support legislation (incl. RES) New RES

New RES- Internal market legislation 0,044 New RES-climate legislation 0,550 New RES- climate+internal market 0,302

RES dev. delayed 2 years

SLIDE 20

Internal market legislation…

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 200 400 600 800 1.000 1.200 1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017

• No. of legislation

GWh RES gross electricity production and selected EU electricity legislation Internal Energy Markets legislation Climate legislation Climate-support legislation (incl. RES) Hydro Geothermal Wind Solar thermal Solar photovoltaic Tide, wave, ocean Nuclear

SLIDE 21

Internal market legislation…no linear relationship with new RES dev.

New RES- Internal market legislation 0,037 New RES- climate legislation 0,457 New RES- climate+internal market 0,338 Correlation magnitude (CORREL function)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

• No. of legislation

GWh

RES gross electricity production and selected EU electricity legislation

Internal Energy Markets legislation Climate legislation Climate-support legislation (incl. RES) New RES

New RES- Internal market legislation 0,048 New RES- climate legislation 0,548 New RES- climate+internal market 0,303

RES dev. delayed 2 years

SLIDE 22

Role of markets: conclusions

• EU electricity policy largely focused on environment
• EU environment-legislation is increasingly climate-legislation
• Development of the internal electricity market did not inhibit the climate policy
• RES development moderately driven by climate policy
• Markets should be more involved by legislators in development of RES
• RES development should be left more in the hand of the market

SLIDE 23

One line title

Conference name, 5 April 2016

Irina Nikolova

• Comm. Coordinator, i.nikolova@efet.org

Questions?