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LCS 11: Cognitive Science Overview of information processing in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Agenda Pomona College LCS 11: Cognitive Science Overview of information processing in cognitive science Overview of the course topics Introduction Syllabus and expectations Course structure and website Jesse A. Harris


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Pomona College

LCS 11: Cognitive Science

Introduction

Jesse A. Harris January 23, 2013

Jesse A. Harris: LCS 11: Cognitive Science, Introduction 1

Agenda

֠ Overview of information processing in cognitive science ֠ Overview of the course topics ֠ Syllabus and expectations ֠ Course structure and website ֠ Questionnaires

Jesse A. Harris: LCS 11: Cognitive Science, Introduction 2

What is cognitive science?

Cognitive science

A modern, interdisciplinary approach to a set of age-old questions:

  • 1. What is the mind?
  • 2. How is the mind structured?
  • 3. What is thought? Intelligence? Consciousness?

Jesse A. Harris: LCS 11: Cognitive Science, Introduction 3

The mind is like a . . .

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The mind is like a . . .

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Computational-representational understanding

  • f mind (CRUM)

Central hypothesis of cognitive science:

“Thinking can be best understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that

  • perate on those structures.” (Thagard, 2005)

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Representations and processes

◮ Representation: The violin

was mentally represented.

◮ Processes: The violin was

rotated mentally.

  • Some cognitive procedure was

applied to the representation and yielded another representation.

Jesse A. Harris: LCS 11: Cognitive Science, Introduction 8

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René Margrite, 1928-29, The Treachery of Images

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Representations

The famous pipe. How people reproached me for it! And yet, could you stuff my pipe? No, it’s just a representation, is it not? So if I had written on my picture "This is a pipe," I’d have been lying!

Torczyner, Harry. Magritte: Ideas and Images. 1979. p. 71.

Jesse A. Harris: LCS 11: Cognitive Science, Introduction 10

Computational-representational understanding

  • f mind (CRUM)

Central hypothesis of cognitive science:

“Thinking can be best understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that

  • perate on those structures.” (Thagard, 2005)

Jesse A. Harris: LCS 11: Cognitive Science, Introduction 11

Representations

Representations

  • 1. Picture-like images (Locke and associationists)
  • 2. Data structures (by analogy with computer)
  • 3. Language-like propositional units (from philosophy)
  • 4. Patterns of neural activation (by analogy with brain)

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Processes

Processes

  • 1. Operations on representations
  • 2. Manipulation
  • 3. Algorithm

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Recollection test

  • 1. How many stops between 181 St and Lincoln Center on

the 1?

  • 2. Where would I transfer from the F to the 6?
  • 3. What is the northernmost stop on the 4?

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Numbers

Can symbolize numbers in a variety of ways XII Roman numeral 12 Arabic numeral 1100 Binary numeral XXXXXXXXXXXX Prisoner’s tally

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Which is bigger?

Prisoner’s tally

XXX XXXXX

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Which is bigger?

Roman numerals

MCXXX DCCLI

Note

MCXXX = 1000 + 100 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 1,130 DCCLI = 500 + 100 + 100 + 50 + 1 = 751

Jesse A. Harris: LCS 11: Cognitive Science, Introduction 19

Which is bigger?

Arabic numerals

35 53

Question 1

What kinds of process were used in the previous problems? Why should different types of representations of seemingly require different kinds of processes?

Question 2

What does this have to do with the mind anyway?

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Computational-representational understanding

  • f mind (CRUM)

Central hypothesis of cognitive science:

“Thinking can be best understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that

  • perate on those structures.” (Thagard, 2005)

Jesse A. Harris: LCS 11: Cognitive Science, Introduction 21

The cognitive hexagram

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What unites these disciplines?

A set of shared commitments:

  • 1. A set of research questions;
  • 2. A set of research methods, even if they vary;
  • 3. A set of common hypotheses, models, and theories under

consideration; and

  • 4. A set of data or empirical findings gathered by the

methods.

What is Cognitive Science? ∼ von Eckardt 1993

Jesse A. Harris: LCS 11: Cognitive Science, Introduction 23

Levels of analysis

Multiple levels of analysis required to understand the mind in information processing terms (Marr, 1982):

  • 1. Computational level: What kinds of things can the mind

do?

  • 2. Representational level: What sorts of representations and

processes are employed by the mind?

  • 3. Physical level: How is the mind physically realized?

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Assessment

Class is organizes around learning, rather than assessment, but nevertheless ... Group questions (GQs) 20% Short response papers 40% Final projects 40%

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Group questions (20%)

GQs raise issues meant to provoke close reading of the text and thoughtful answers to spark group discussion.

◮ Randomly assigned groups of three for each module ◮ Three DQs per module, each student (first responders)

must answer one assigned question online by 9PM the night before class discussion.

◮ Other two group members to read response before class

and come prepared for group discussion, formulating a position (or disagreement) to be discussed as a class.

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GQ 1.1 from website

How would you characterize what it means to be “conscious” in intuitive terms? Try to use concrete examples. Consider the following quote from Eagleman: Consciousness developed because was advantageous, but only in limited amounts. (Eagleman, 2010: p. 6) Do you agree? What are some examples of the advantages and disadvantages of consciousness?

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Short response papers (40%)

You will be asked to write 4 short responses to a reading or a

  • topic. They should not summarize the issue, but rather take a

concrete, defensible position within the span of 1 –2 pages.

◮ Writing prompts will be provided on the webpage ◮ Due two days after the module ends

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Final project (40%)

The final project is scaffolded to help you make continual progress throughout the term, starting with replication of classic result. Step 1: Prepare a paragraph on your interests and meet with me by Friday, February 8. Step 2: Choose group and replication. Step 3: Present replication and classic study in class in a 5–10 minute presentation. Step 4: Final paper (6–10 pp.) written independently, due May 15 (seniors: May 6)

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Course structure

Module 1: Decomposing the mind. What can the mind do? Module 2: Consciousness & Behavior. What is intelligence and consciousness? How is the mind like a computer? Module 3: Memory. How is information encoded, stored, and retrieved? What types of memory are there? Module 4: Language. How is language represented and acquired? Is language the same for all people and cultures? Module 5: Vision. How do we see what we see? What do illusions tell us about vision?

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Daily class sessions

Class sessions will vary as need be, but here is the basic structure that I hope we adopt: Part 1: Discussion of GQs or class reading Part 2: Expansion of topic in class Part 3: Preview of reading for next class Course website:

http://pages.pomona.edu/∼jah24747/courses/lgcs11_s13/lgcs11_s13.html

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