Introduction to Medical Terminology PFN: SOMAPL0I Hours: 0.5 - - PDF document

▶
introduction to medical terminology pfn somapl0i
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Introduction to Medical Terminology PFN: SOMAPL0I Hours: 0.5 - - PDF document

Oct 18, 2022 226 likes •381 views

Introduction to Medical Terminology PFN: SOMAPL0I Hours: 0.5 JSOMTC, SWMG(A) Slide 1 Terminal Learning Objective Action: Communicate knowledge of Introduction to Medical Terminology Condition: Given a lecture in a classroom

slide-1
SLIDE 1

1

Slide 1 JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Introduction to Medical Terminology PFN: SOMAPL0I

Hours: 0.5

Slide 2

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Terminal Learning Objective

 Action: Communicate knowledge of

“Introduction to Medical Terminology”

 Condition: Given a lecture in a classroom

environment

 Standard: Received a minimum score of

75% on the written exam IAW course standards

Slide 3

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

References

 Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology (6th

edition; 2013; Martini; Bartholomew)

 Basic Medical Terminology (AMEDD pre‐

course manual)

slide-2
SLIDE 2

2

Slide 4

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Reasons

Anyone with a frontal lobe can memorize; you have been selected to be here because

  • f your ability to understand. Studying

medicine, is like learning a new language; you have to start out with the meaning of words, before you can truly understand how to put it all together. Learn the terminology, and everything you study will become much easier!

Slide 5

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Agenda

 Communicate the three word parts used in

medical terms

 Collate the prefixes, word roots, and

suffixes of common medical terminology in

  • rder to match it with its correct definition

Slide 6 JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

The Three Word Parts Used in Medical Terminology

slide-3
SLIDE 3

3

Slide 7

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Medical Terminology

 Two approaches

  • Memorization
  • Walking medical dictionary
  • Learning word parts & how they fit together
  • Preferred approach

Slide 8

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Medical Terminology

 Three parts to a word

  • All medical terms have a root word
  • Medical terms may have some or all of the

following:

  • Prefixes
  • Suffixes

Slide 9

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Word Root

 Stem

  • The core of the word
  • Indicates the organ or part which is modified

by a prefix or suffix, or both

  • Usually derived from:
  • Latin (e.g., femur)
  • Greek (e.g., hemorrhage)
  • Remember: Each medical term contains one or

more word roots

slide-4
SLIDE 4

4

Slide 10

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Word Root

 Common stems

  • acr/o (extremities)
  • cari/o (heart)
  • cyan/o (blue)
  • cyt/o (cell)
  • dermat/o, derm/o (skin)
  • duoden/o (duodenum)
  • electro/o (electrical)

Slide 11

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Word Root

 Common stems (cont’d)

  • eti/o (cause)
  • gastr/o (stomach)
  • gram/o (record)
  • leuk/o (white)
  • megal/o (enlarged)
  • path/o (disease)

Slide 12

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Prefix

 Prefixes

  • Attached to the beginning of a word root
  • Modifies the meaning
  • Example: erythrocyte, (definition?)

 erythro‐ is the prefix

– Erythro = red – Cyte = cell – Together = red blood cell

 NOTE: Not all medical terms have a prefix

slide-5
SLIDE 5

5

Slide 13

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Prefix

 Can be divided into categories

  • Location
  • Time
  • Amount or quantity
  • Color
  • Negation
  • Size
  • Position
  • Miscellaneous

Slide 14

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Prefix

 Location

  • Examples
  • intra‐ (inside/within)  intra‐abdominal
  • peri‐ (around/surrounding)  pericardium
  • retro‐ ; post‐ (behind)  retrocardial; postnasal
  • hypo‐ ; sub‐ (under)  hypodermis; subcutaneous
  • inter‐ (between)  intercostal

Slide 15

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Prefix

 Time

  • Examples
  • ante‐ ; pre‐ (before)  antepartum; preoperative
  • post‐ (after)  postoperative
slide-6
SLIDE 6

6

Slide 16

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Prefix

 Amount or quantity

  • Examples
  • uni‐ ; mono‐ (single)  unilateral; monocyte
  • bi‐ (two)  bilateral
  • tri‐ (three)  tricuspid
  • quadri‐ (four)  quadriplegia
  • multi‐ ; poly‐ (many, much)  multipara ; polyuria
  • hemi‐ ; semi‐ (half)  hemiplegia; semiconscious
  • hypo‐ (low)  hypotension
  • hyper‐ (high)  hypertension

Slide 17

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Prefix

 Color

  • Examples
  • erythro‐ (red)  erythrocyte
  • leuko‐ (white)  leukocyte
  • cyano‐ (blue)  cyanosis
  • melano‐ (dark/black)  melanoma

Slide 18

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Prefix

 Negation

  • Examples
  • a‐ or an‐ (without/absence of)  afebrile; anesthesia
  • anti‐ (against)  antivenom
slide-7
SLIDE 7

7

Slide 19

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Prefix

 Size

  • Examples
  • micro‐ (small)  microphage
  • mega‐ ; macro‐ (large)  megacolon; macrophage

Slide 20

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Prefix

 Position

  • Examples
  • antero‐ (front)  anterior
  • latero‐ (side)  lateral
  • dextro‐ (right)  dextrocardia
  • levo‐ (left)  levoversion
  • medio‐ (middle)  medial

Slide 21

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Prefix

 Miscellaneous

  • Examples
  • hydro‐ (water)  hydrophobia
  • dys‐ (painful, difficult)  dyspnea
  • nox‐ ; noct‐ (night)  nocturia
  • mal‐ (bad)  malodorous
  • pan‐ (total)  panhysterectomy
slide-8
SLIDE 8

8

Slide 22

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Suffix

 Suffixes

  • Attach to the end of the word root
  • Add additional meaning, such as a:
  • condition
  • disease
  • procedure
  • Example: my/algia (pertaining to pain)

 NOTE: Not all medical terms have a suffix

Slide 23

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Suffix

 Pertaining to diagnosis

  • Examples
  • ‐cele (hernia)  gastrocele
  • ‐emia (blood)  hypoglycemia
  • ‐ectasis ; ‐ectasia (expanding/dilation)  angiectasis
  • ‐iasis (condition)  nephrolithiasis
  • ‐itis ( inflammation)  encephalitis
  • ‐malacia (softening)  chondromalacia
  • ‐megaly (enlargement)  clitoromegaly

Slide 24

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Suffix

 Pertaining to diagnosis (cont’d)

  • Examples
  • ‐sclerosis (hardening)  arteriosclerosis
  • ‐oma (tumor)  lipoma
  • ‐osis (condition/disease)  dermatophytosis
  • ‐pathy (disease)  neuropathy
  • ‐ptosis (downward displacement)  blepharoptosis
  • ‐rrhexis (rupture)  cardiorrhexis
  • ‐trophy (growth or nourishment)  hypertrophy
  • ‐phobia (fear)  hydrophobia
slide-9
SLIDE 9

9

Slide 25

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Suffix

 Pertaining to operative procedures

  • Examples
  • ‐ectomy (removal/excision)  oopherectomy
  • ‐scopy (inspection/examination)  bronchoscopy
  • ‐stomy (artificial opening)  colostomy
  • ‐tomy (incision)  laparotomy
  • ‐desis (binding/fixation) 
  • ‐pexy (suspension/fixation)  orchiopexy
  • ‐plasty (plastic repair)  rhinoplasty
  • ‐centesis (puncture)  arthrocentesis
  • ‐rhaphy (suture repair)  neurorraphy

Slide 26

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Suffix

 Pertaining to symptoms

  • Examples
  • ‐algia (pain)  dentalgia
  • ‐genic (producing)  pyogenic
  • ‐lysis (destruction/breakdown)  hemolysis
  • ‐rrhagia (excessive flow)  hemorrhage
  • ‐rrhea (excessive discharge)  diarrhea
  • ‐penia (deficiency/decrease)  leukopenia
  • ‐spasm (involuntary contraction)  myospasm
  • ‐ic, ‐ac, ‐al, and –ar (pertaining to)  otoscopic

Slide 27 JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Collating Prefixes, Word Roots, and Suffixes of Common Medical Terminology in Order to Find the Correct Definition

slide-10
SLIDE 10

10

Slide 28

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Finding the Definition

 To define a medical word

  • Divide the word into its terms
  • Analyze the terms
  • Define the word
  • Example: pericarditis
  • peri‐ = around
  • cardi = heart
  • ‐itis = inflammation
  • Definition  inflammation around the heart

Slide 29

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Finding the Definition

 Define the following word

  • intercostal
  • inter‐ = between
  • costal = rib
  • Definition  the space between the ribs

Slide 30

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Finding the Definition

 Define the following word

  • laryngoscopy
  • laryngo = larynx or voice box
  • ‐scopy = visual examination
  • Definition  visual examination of the interior of

the larynx

slide-11
SLIDE 11

11

Slide 31

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Finding the Definition

 Define the following word

  • microphage
  • micro‐ = one millionth (10‐6); small
  • phag/o, phagia = eating, ingestion
  • Definition  small eater

Slide 32

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Finding the Definition

 Define the following word

  • cholecystectomy
  • chole = gall; or bile
  • cyst/o = cyst; or bladder
  • ‐ectomy = surgical removal
  • Definition  the surgical removal of the gall

bladder

Slide 33

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Finding the Definition

 Acronyms and abbreviations

  • Frequently used
  • Boosts efficiency if used intelligently
  • i.e., make sure it is not ambiguous
  • Write it out the first time you use it
  • Can become modern language:
  • e.g., laser

 Light amplification by stimulated emission of

radiation

slide-12
SLIDE 12

12

Slide 34

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Finding the Definition

 Eponyms

  • Name of a person or thing (real or fictitious)
  • Example: Oedipus complex
  • Usually named from first person to diagnose,

publish, or put together syndrome or sign

  • Example: Cushing’s triad

Slide 35

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Finding the Definition

 Terms derived from places

  • Lyme disease
  • Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Slide 36

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Finding the Definition

 Terms derived from animals

Harelip

slide-13
SLIDE 13

13

Slide 37

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Finding the Definition

 Terms derived from mythological gods

  • Venereal
  • Venus (goddess of love)
  • Morphine
  • Morpheus (god of dreams)

Slide 38

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

How will medical terminology be tested?

 You will be tested on the medical terms

that are defined in the beginning of some lectures

DO NOT blow these off!

Slide 39

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Questions?

slide-14
SLIDE 14

14

Slide 40

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Terminal Learning Objective

 Action: Communicate knowledge of

“Introduction to Medical Terminology”

 Condition: Given a lecture in a classroom

environment

 Standard: Received a minimum score of

75% on the written exam IAW course standards

Slide 41

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Agenda

 Communicate the three word parts used in

medical terms

 Collate the prefixes, word roots, and

suffixes of common medical terminology in

  • rder to match it with its correct definition

Slide 42

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Reasons

Understanding the medical terminology is important for easing the learning curve. Possibly more important, is communicating the problem with the Health Care Providers (HCPs), that can not visualize the patient. Also, other HCPs may judge your intelligence, based on your vocabulary.

slide-15
SLIDE 15

15

Slide 43

JSOMTC, SWMG(A)

Break