Slide 1: Tech Terminology Overview There are lots of terminology - - PDF document

Tech Terminology Overview

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Slide 1: Tech Terminology Overview There are lots of terminology terms that we use freely. I often get questions about them, with people wondering how everything fits together, and what the difference between this or that

• is. This talk covers a wide range of these terms, from devices, to operating systems, web

browsers and search engines. You will learn how Wi-Fi compares to cellular, and what it means to be on the cloud. You will learn a little about viruses, malware, programs and apps. By the end of the class, you will know a little more, and will have a better understanding of terms. So sit back and relax, as we talk geek. Slide 2: First, the basics Slide 3: We begin with devices: There are many devices which we can use to connect and

• communicate. They include:
• Desktop
• Laptop
• All in One
• Smartphone
• Tablet and iPad

Slide 4: Operating systems:

• 1. Manages operations, controls, coordinates hardware, and shares resources. Basically, tells

device how to behave and look.

• 2. Devices will have an operating system based on who makes the device and what it is.
• 3. Examples (click for each…
• Computers: Most computers use one of 2 operating systems:
• Apple runs its own operating system for the computer, High Sierra
• Windows runs Windows 10
• Mobile devices: smaller screens, less memory, conserve power, limited computing. The

device you purchase will determine your operating system! The mobile operating systems have less features than the computer/laptop version. You can usually find what version OS you have by looking at your settings. Apple devices will accommodate all updates to the operating system, but your Android device may only accept up to a

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certain operating system. That is because Google will only release the updates to certain manufactures.

• The most recent versions include:
• Android device: 8.0, AKA Oreo
• iPhone/iPad: 11.0.3

Slide 5: Web browsers:

• 1. Connect device to Internet.
• 2. Allows device to locate, retrieve, and display content link web pages, images, videos and
• ther files. Uses a special language called HTML which allow pages in different web browsers

to all look virtually the same.

• 3. Although a device may come with a certain web browser, you can always add others, or make

another web browser the default one. (BTW, a default web browser is the one that will open when you click on a link that takes you to the Internet).

• 4. Examples: (click for each)
• Google Chrome
• Mozilla Firefox
• Microsoft Internet Explorer
• Edge (with Windows 10)
• Safari

Slide 6: Search Engines:

• 1. Used to find information on the Internet. They work within the web browser.
• 2. A particular search engine may be used, depending on the web browser you have.

However, like web browsers, the search engine can be changed to one that you prefer.

• 3. Note that websites also have a search function: However, in this case, it will take you to

results within the website. For example, you can go to webmd.com and search their site for information on diabetes. You will be directed to what is on their site. Or, you can go to a regular search engine and search for diabetes. In this case, you will see results from many websites.

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• 4. Examples of search engines: (click for each one)
• Google
• Bing
• Yahoo
• MSN search engine

Slide 7: Cloud: The cloud refers to anything that is online and stored. The cloud is actually a collection of a special type of computer (servers) which hold data for their company. If you have an account with their company, then you have a folder on their server. This information, then, is “on the cloud”, which means that you can access it at any time from any device. There will be a session just on the cloud this afternoon! Examples of cloud servers:

• Google Drive
• Amazon
• Facebook
• Dropbox
• YouTube
• iCloud

Slide 8: Next, using your devices Slide 9: Programs and apps:

• 1. A program is a full-scale software which can do multiple things. The entire program is

downloaded to your device. It may require a lot of storage. NOTE: Lots of the previous programs are going online. This way, you can receive automatic updates and store your data

• n their cloud. Examples: Microsoft Office is a program, as is Microsoft Word (which is part of

Microsoft Office). Other examples include Quicken, McAfee and Adobe.

• 2. An app is a subset of software. It is a smaller piece of software which is designed to run on

a specialized mobile device (smartphone, tablet). It can also be run under a larger program (BTW, Google Chrome is a web browser program which allows you to run apps as well). The main difference between programs and apps is that apps are small and have limited function. Examples include the Calendar, Google Earth, Facebook, Netflix and the Weather channel.

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Slide 10: Malware:

• 1. Malware is short for “malicious software”,
• 2. It is designed to gain access or damage a computer without the approval of the owner.
• 3. Malware types include spyware, keyloggers, true viruses or worms. Although originally

malware was used for experiments and pranks, today it is created to profit through forced advertising (adware), stealing sensitive information (spyware), spreading email mail spam or child pornography, or to extort money (ransomware). Computer virus:

• 1. A computer virus is a type of malware
• 2. It is designed to spread from one computer to another and to interfere with computer
• perations. Usually, computer viruses are stopped if you have a good anti-virus program

installed on your computer.

• 3. However, if it ends on your computer, it can corrupt or delete data from your computer, use

your email program to spread to other computers, or even erase things on your hard drive.

• 4. They are often spread by attachments in email (such as funny images, greeting cards, or

audio and video files). They are also spread through downloads on the Internet. NOTE: There are a couple of presentations today which will explain about viruses, malware and keeping your computer and device safe. One is by the DA, another by an author on a security book. Both will be excellent in explaining viruses and malware! Slide 11: Wi-Fi, hotspot and wireless routers:

• 1. Wi-Fi refers to a wireless connection to the network. A mobile device would identify the

name of the network (Oasis) and you would then insert a password (if available) to use this wireless.

• 2. All networks have a router somewhere.
• 3. The range is limited, which is why you can’t get the Oasis free Wi-Fi at your home.
• 4. There are free Wi-Fi spots throughout the city including libraries, schools, some restaurants

and more.

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• 5. A Wi-Fi spot is also referred to as a hotspot. A wireless router connects to the Internet and

sends radio signals to your device. You may have a wireless router at home, connected to your modem, and supplying you with your home Wi-Fi connection.

• 6. Some smartphones can also double as a hotspot.
• 7. Wi-Fi works by sending data via radio waves. It uses the wireless router to transmit this
• data. It is limited by distance, which makes it ineffective when away from the router.

Slide 10: Cellular:

• 1. Cellular is a way for smartphones and some tablets and laptops to connect to the Internet if

Wi-Fi is not available. Cellular works by carrying data (voice, text and digital) via radio waves from one device to another.

• 2. Unlike Wi-Fi, which is limited to about 50 to 100 feet, cellular is virtually anywhere.
• 3. It is built into phones, but some tablets and laptops may come with a cellular connection,

which requires a special built in modem (called a cellular modem).

• 4. Unlike Wi-Fi, cellular data does not require a router, but instead is exchanged using a global

network of transmitters and receivers from cellphone towers. So you can use your cellular connection anywhere!

• 5. Because it is your own network, it is more secure than Public Wi-Fi
• 6. When it is used, the person usually has to pay for data, which is the number of bytes that

were transferred.

• 7. Certain things such as streaming media (next slide) will use lots of data.

Slide 11: Streaming media:

• 1. You can watch television, movies or listen to music online. This is done by “streaming”.
• 2. Streaming means that it is downloading as it is playing, but then returns to the site. It uses

data, but does not require storage.

• 3. An Internet connection is required for this. Some examples include Netflix, NBC, Pandora

and HBO Go

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Slide 14: Blogs versus websites Blogs: A blog is a frequently updated journal or diary. It usually involved a collection of posts, short and informal, with the most recent information on top. It can be used by individuals (post your thoughts, talk about a vacation) or businesses (discuss things common to the business). It is usually opinionated. A person who keeps a blog is a blogger. If you are writing a blog, you are blogging. Blogs allow ways for readers to interact with the blogger and other readers. Websites: Websites are different than blogs, in that they are more static (do not change as frequently). They are usually more formal and professional. It is more one-way (less comments), and is used often to communicate about products and/or services. Many websites will have a connected blog associated. Slide 15: Take a deep breath…This might make you crazy!

• Data: KB/MB/GB/TB: 1 TB is 1000 GB, 1 GB is 1000 MB, 1 MB is 1000 KB, 1 KB is 1000
• bytes. Used to refer to storage space on your device, as well as information transmitted

through WiFi and Cellular.

• A home computer may have 1 TB or more of storage
• A laptop computer may have 250 GB up to 1 TB
• Your phone or mobile device may have between 12 and 32 GB. This is used for

pictures, movies, music, books and some aps.

• Your cellular plan may allow between 1 and 10 GB of data per month
• An hour of music streaming will use 60 MB, an hour of video on 4G will use 350

MB, and Video calls will use 400 MB (almost a half of a GB)

• Your WiFi (home internet) is probably limitless (for now!)
• Memory: The memory on your device is also storage. But this storage, AKA RAM,

fluctuates as you use your device. If you are using a detailed program like Photoshop, it may need more RAM than answering Emails.

• A home computer may have from 8 to 16 GB of RAM
• A laptop computer may have from 4 to 16 GB of RAM
• An Apple device has a more efficient RAM system, so you may not need as much

RAM as you need for a PC

• Mobile devices do not need as much RAM, between 1 and 2
• ROM is a section of RAM devoted to the operating system.

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• Speed of data (a measure of bandwidth): This refers to how fast data can travel through

your network. It is measured in megabits per second (Mbps). It is set by the network. Your provider may offer you a larger bandwidth, which means that you can have more Mbps data. This is important for people doing a lot of downloading and uploading, such as gamers and website designers. The average US customer has download speeds of 54.97 Mbps. Upload speeds are usually lower than download speed. You can find your speed by going to http://www.speedtest.net/ and clicking “begin test”. Want to be really confused? If it is MBps, it is significantly faster. 54.97 Mbps = 6.871 MBps. Slide 16: And finally, some other things Slide 17: Internet of Things:

• 1. The Internet of Things is when you connect any device with an Internet connection to other
• devices. For example, appliances can be made to connect to your smartphone (turn on your

coffeemaker from your bedroom, turn off lamps remotely, etc.). It is currently a giant network

• f connected things. One example of how it may be used: If your car, your calendar, GPS and

your smartphone are connected, you can be on your way to a meeting, while your car knows the best route to take, and might actually be able to send a text to people at the meeting to say that traffic is heavy. And here are some examples:

• 1. Automated cat feeder
• 2. Wi-Fi crockpot that you can control from your phone
• 3. Fit bit which connects to your smartphone
• 4. An assembly of apps which all connect through one app, Nest, to automate your home.

Slide 18: Cutting the cable:

• 1. When a person says that they have “cut their cable”, they mean that they have eliminated

their cable TV and cable based phone from their home.

• 2. They probably have some type of Internet connection remaining, either through their cable

company or through another provider.

• 3. If they choose to keep a home phone, it is probably a “voice over Internet” protocol (VoI)

which means that your Internet creates the phone connection.

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• 4. Their television viewing will be either through their computer using equipment like an Apple

TV or Chromecast (both of which connect your TV to your computer). Or, people may choose to purchase an antenna so that they can view local television without subscribing to cable.

• 5. Some examples include Apple TV, Chromecast, Roku, or a smart tv

Slide 19: Virtual reality:

• 1. Virtual reality is an out of real world experience.
• 2. In the beginning, it was simulated on a computer screen, where you moved an “avatar”

through a computer simulated environment.

• 3. It has developed into a more immersive experience, where you wear a special type of

equipment which creates a three-dimensional world, one where the user can manipulate and explore while feeling as if they are part of the world.

• 4. Operating systems are competing for virtual reality. Both Windows 10 and Apple iOS 11

have built it into their system.

• 5. Some examples include: An experience within an apparatus for the full effect, A roller

coaster experience, an interior design tool and a baseball game. Slide 20: That’s it! Did we miss anything? Any questions? Don’t forget that you can view this presentation along with the notes by going to: http://bit.ly/2yJFXNd