Implementation of Artificial Insemination Programs in Beef Herds: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Implementation of Artificial Insemination Programs in Beef Herds: Practical Considerations and Impact on Production DVM Lucas E. Cutaia Technical Manager SYNTEX SA

Why we always talk about reproduction?

Because we are experts in the family !!! • FTAI • Sexed Semen • 14 month “ calving interval ”

Why we always talk about reproduction?

World Cattle Population Southern Africa = 20 million cattle Brazil = 200 million cattle Argentina = 50 million cattle Faostat, 2016

7 0 % D O REBAN O M UN DIAL SE EN CONTRA NO TRÓPIC O 70 % of the world cattle population is in the tropical regions Big potential for Beef Production

Artificial Insemination Genetic Improvement Increase Beef Production

Heat detection is the most important factor limiting the widespread use of AI

Suckling cows Anoestrus (non cycling cows)

The biggest challenge for profitable beef cattle production Production goal = 1 calf per cow per year Calving Conception 85 days

LH Calving 1 a OVULATION POST PARTUM IN COWS • Beef cows  Many folicular waves aves (> 100 days ; STAGG et al., 1995 ) In some conditions more than 100 days to get cows cycling !!!!!!!!!!!!

Determination of Cyclicity Cicling Cícling or Anestrus Anestrus

Cyclicity in Sulked Cows Cross Breed Indicus Taurus

Cyclicity in Taurus Sulked: cycling cows, 60-90 days after calving • Experiment 1: * 57.8% (278/481) Cutaia et al., 2003 • Experiment 2: * 80.4% (70/87) Cutaia et al., 2004 • Experiment 3: * 75.2% (75/101) Cutaia et al., 2005

Cyclicity in cross breeds sulked cows with: cycling cows, 60-90 days after calving • Experiment 1: * 17.5% (70/400) Cutaia et al., 2003 • Experiment 2: * 30.0% (131/431) Pincinato et al., 2005 • Experiment 3: * 22.5% (171/761) Maraña Peña et al., 2005 • Experiment 4: * 20.2% (158/791) Maraña Peña et al., 2005

Objectives of a good program for synchronization of estrus • Delete Heat detection. • Inseminate all categories of the herd (Including Anoestus Cows). • Reduce working days. • Must be simple • Must be profitable • Good pregnancy rates.

Solution = FTAI (Fixed Time Artificial Insemination) It is not necessary to detect heats Afrikaans = Vaste Tyd Kunsmatige Inseminasie It is possible to achieve pregnancy rates between 50 to 60% in CYCLING cows and heifers.

FTAI Protocol FTAI EB PGF+ECP DIB 48 h Day 0 Day 8 Day 10

Distrubution of ovulation 60 50 % de ovulaciones 40 30 20 10 0 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 Hs. pos retirado DIB Cutaia et al., 2000

Body Condition Score

Preganacy Rates and Body Condition Score 60% 50% 40% c c d d 30% b a 20% 10% 0% 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 n=110 n=1196 n=3286 n=3066 n=1824 n=186 Cutaia et al., 2003

Options to manage Anoestrus (non cycling) Cows • Temporary weaning • Early Weaning • Treatment with P4 • Treatment with P4 + eCG

Strategic use of eCG in reproductive management in Bovines MV Lucas E. Cutaia Gerente Técnico SYNTEX SA

eCG (Novormon) In the 2000’s: • the inclusion of eCG revolutionised the results obtained with FTAI enabling very good pregnancy rates in non-cycling cows to be obtained (Afrikaans = Dragtige Merrie Serum (DMS))

Syntex eCG Farm

• API = Active Principle ingredient • About 10 million doses sold as final product Novormon and about 20 million doses sold as a API to produce other brands in major markets around the world.

FTAI Protocol FTAI EB PGF+ECP DIB 48 h Day 0 Day 8 Day 10 NOVORMON

Effect of use of eCG in FTAI Programs 59.6 54.2 52.7 50.9 31.3 Increase the Ovulatory Rate 30.6 a a Decrease Embryonic Mortality a a b b Cycling Non Cycling ab (P<0.03) Cutaia et al., 2003

CONCLUSIONS • The PMSG has been used by producers, through its application by Veterinarians, in the last 50 years resulting in a massive increase of different productive indicators. • The inclusion of PMSG in modern reproductive management programs results in an increase of between 20 to 60% in the gross margin depending on the productive context and the animal species involved. • This applies to both intensive and extensive production systems. • The PMSG is, for the moment, an irreplaceable tool for another one capable of impacting in the same way on the productive results. • It continues in the search for alternatives to the use of PMSG.

FTAI Management Improvement Profitability

Semen Marketing in Argentina 7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 Dairy Beef 3,000,000 Total 2,000,000 1,000,000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Etcheverry 2016, CABIA

Beef semen FTAI Treat. FTAI/AI % doses used Used 2016 – 2.9 Millons Treatments 2017 – 3.2 Millons Treatments

FTAI Market in Brazil * % IATF/IA Número de IA (ASBIA) Detecção de Cio + IA Número de IATF IA: 10 a 12% das matrizes em reprodução 14.000.000 100% 90% 85% 12.000.000 Número de eventos 80% 77% IA: 5 a 6% das matrizes 65% 67% 70% 10.000.000 70% em reprodução 60% 55% 8.000.000 50% 50% 6.000.000 40% 32% 35% 30% 25% 4.000.000 19% 20% 11% 2.000.000 7% 10% 4% 1% 0 0% 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Pietro S Baruselli Theriogenology Department /FMVZ/ University of São Paulo

Experimental Design ➢ 600 Nelore Cows, 55-70 days after calving FTAI US 70d US 120d US 30d Bull Day 45 Day 17 Day 0 Day 90 FTAI US 30d US 70d US 120d Bull Heat Detection Day 45 Day 0 Day 90 US 70d US 120d Bull Heat Detection Day 45 Day 90 Day 0 US 120d US 70d Bull Day 90 Day 45 Day 0 (Penteado et al.,2005)

a 100 8,0% IA conv 90 IATF + IA 80 a IATF+touro Taxa de Prenhez (%) b Touro 70 11,8% b 60 50 c 40 21,0% 30 d 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 Dias de Estação de Monta Gráfico 1. Estimativa da prenhez acumulada de vacas Nelore submetidas a diferentes tipos de manejo durante a estação de monta (n=594). Camapuã. 2005. (Penteado, 2005)

Implementation of FTAI in “El Mangrullo ” North West of Argentina.

Rains by month (Historicaly) precipitaciones historicas Annual Rainfall 140 120 100 mm 80 60 40 20 0 o e o o o e o l e e o o i y r z i r r r i l r r b r n u e b a t b r Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun s b b e J a A u m m n M o m u r M J E b g t c e e e e A i i i O F v c t p o i D e N S mes

Breeding Season (6 month) (Cumulative Pregnancy Rate 85%) Breeding Season PGF to Heifers Day 0 Day 180 1/12 31/5

Objective: Breeding Season (4 month) Cumulative PR >85% Breeding Season FTAI to Heifers FTAI (cow with calf) Day 0 Day 30-40 Day 120 1/12 5/1 31/3

Results from “El Mangrullo” Category Year 2002 Year 2003 Year 2004 TOTAL Heifers 148/292 50.7% 341/619 55.1% 564/1233 45.7% 1053/2144 49.1% Dry Cows -- -- 189/394 47.9% -- -- 189/394 47.9% Wet Cows 156/289 54.0% 345/790 43.7% 450/1199 37.5% 951/2198 43.2% TOTAL 304/581 52.3% 875/1803 48.5% 1014/2352 43.1% 2193/4736 (46.3%)

2002-03 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Distributions 0% SET OCT NOV DIC ENE FEB MAR 2003-04 of calvings 50% 40% during the 30% 20% year 10% 0% SET OCT NOV DIC ENE FEB MAR 2004-05 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Cutaia et al., 2004 SEP OCT NOV DIC ENE FEB MAR

Effect of FTAI on calf body weight

“El Mangrullo” (North West of Argentina) Weight at Fixed Weight- n weaning (kg) 180 day (kg) FTAI+Bull 138 178.05 184.2 Bull 181 149.4 173.8 Difference 28.65 10.4 ab Medias con distintos superíndices en la misma columna difieren (P=0,00001) Cutaia et al., 2004

Bull vs. Synch + Bull vs. FTAI+Bull Bull (n=137) Bulls Weaning Weight CALVING PD 1 PD 2 PD 3 PD 4 Day 0 Day 38-54 Day 64-74 Day 95-120 Day 120-153 Day 280-290 Day 486-511 Bulls Synch + Bull(n=111) Weaning Weight CALVING PD 1 PD 2 PD 3 PD 4 DIB Day 0 Day 8 Day 38-54 Day 64-74 Day 95-120 Day 120-153 Day 280-290 Day 486-511 Bulls FTAI + Bull (n=105) Weaning Weight FTAI CALVING PD 1 PD 2 PD 3 PD 4 DIB Day 0 Day 8 Day 38-54 Day 64-74 Day 95-120 Day 120-153 Day 280-290 Day 486-511 Cristian Burtre Thesis of IRAC Specialisation

Bull vs. Synch + Bull vs. FTAI+Bull n PR first 18 to 24 days PR (%) Bull 83.9% 25.5% 137 Synch + Bull 111 94.6% 54.1% FTAI + Bull 96.2% 58.1% 105 Cristian Burtre Thesis of IRAC Specialisation

Bull vs. Synch + Bull vs. FTAI+Bull Average weight of calves 27,6 kg 19,1 kg 8,5 kg 250 211.3 202.8 200 183.7 150 100 50 0 Bull Synch + Bull FTAI + Bull Cristian Burtre Thesis of IRAC Specialisation

Kg of calves achieved per cow 69kg 250 22 kg 194 47 kg 200 172 150 125 100 50 0 Bull Synch + Bull FTAI + Bull