Implementation of Artificial Insemination Programs in Beef Herds: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Implementation of Artificial Insemination Programs in Beef Herds: Practical Considerations and Impact on Production

DVM Lucas E. Cutaia

Technical Manager SYNTEX SA

Why we always talk about reproduction?

Because we are experts in the family !!!

• FTAI
• Sexed Semen
• 14 month “calving interval ”

Why we always talk about reproduction?

Faostat, 2016

World Cattle Population

Brazil = 200 million cattle Argentina = 50 million cattle Southern Africa = 20 million cattle

7 % D O REBAN O M UN DIAL SE EN CONTRA NO TRÓPIC O

Big potential for Beef Production

70 % of the world cattle population is in the tropical regions

Artificial Insemination

Genetic Improvement

Increase Beef Production

Heat detection is the most important factor limiting the widespread use of AI

Suckling cows Anoestrus (non cycling cows)

The biggest challenge for profitable beef cattle production

85 days

Calving Conception

Production goal = 1 calf per cow per year

LH

1a OVULATION POST PARTUM IN COWS

• Beef cows  Many folicular waves aves (> 100 days ; STAGG et al., 1995)

Calving

In some conditions more than 100 days to get cows cycling !!!!!!!!!!!!

Determination of Cyclicity

Cicling Cícling or Anestrus Anestrus

Cyclicity in Sulked Cows

Cross Breed Indicus Taurus

Cyclicity in Taurus Sulked: cycling cows, 60-90 days after calving

• Experiment 1:

* 57.8% (278/481) Cutaia et al., 2003

• Experiment 2:

* 80.4% (70/87) Cutaia et al., 2004

• Experiment 3:

* 75.2% (75/101) Cutaia et al., 2005

Cyclicity in cross breeds sulked cows with: cycling cows, 60-90 days after calving

• Experiment 1:

* 17.5% (70/400) Cutaia et al., 2003

• Experiment 2:

* 30.0% (131/431) Pincinato et al., 2005

• Experiment 3:

* 22.5% (171/761) Maraña Peña et al., 2005

• Experiment 4:

* 20.2% (158/791) Maraña Peña et al., 2005

• Delete Heat detection.
• Inseminate all categories of the herd (Including

Anoestus Cows).

• Reduce working days.
• Must be simple
• Must be profitable
• Good pregnancy rates.

Objectives of a good program for synchronization of estrus

(Fixed Time Artificial Insemination) It is not necessary to detect heats

Solution = FTAI

It is possible to achieve pregnancy rates between 50 to 60% in CYCLING cows and heifers.

Afrikaans = Vaste Tyd Kunsmatige Inseminasie

EB PGF+ECP

Day 0 Day 8 Day 10

DIB

FTAI Protocol

48 h

FTAI

10 20 30 40 50 60 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102

% de ovulaciones

• Hs. pos retirado DIB

Cutaia et al., 2000

Distrubution of ovulation

Body Condition Score

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 1,5 n=110 2,0 n=1196 2,5 n=3286 3,0 n=3066 3,5 n=1824 4,0 n=186

Preganacy Rates and Body Condition Score

Cutaia et al., 2003 b c c d d a

• Temporary weaning
• Early Weaning
• Treatment with P4
• Treatment with P4 + eCG

Options to manage Anoestrus (non cycling) Cows

Strategic use of eCG in reproductive management in Bovines

MV Lucas E. Cutaia

Gerente Técnico SYNTEX SA

eCG (Novormon)

In the 2000’s:

• the inclusion of eCG

revolutionised the results

• btained with FTAI

enabling very good pregnancy rates in non-cycling cows to be

• btained

(Afrikaans = Dragtige Merrie Serum (DMS))

Syntex eCG Farm

• API = Active Principle ingredient
• About 10 million doses sold as final product Novormon and about 20

million doses sold as a API to produce other brands in major markets around the world.

EB PGF+ECP

Day 0 Day 8 Day 10

DIB

FTAI Protocol

48 h

FTAI

NOVORMON

ab (P<0.03)

Cutaia et al., 2003

a a a b b a

52.7 50.9 31.3 54.2 30.6 59.6 Effect of use of eCG in FTAI Programs Cycling Non Cycling

Increase the Ovulatory Rate Decrease Embryonic Mortality

• The PMSG has been used by producers, through its application by

Veterinarians, in the last 50 years resulting in a massive increase of different productive indicators.

• The inclusion of PMSG in modern reproductive management

programs results in an increase of between 20 to 60% in the gross margin depending on the productive context and the animal species involved.

• This applies to both intensive and extensive production systems.
• The PMSG is, for the moment, an irreplaceable tool for another one

capable of impacting in the same way on the productive results.

• It continues in the search for alternatives to the use of PMSG.

CONCLUSIONS

FTAI

Management Improvement

Profitability

1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Dairy Beef Total

Semen Marketing in Argentina

Etcheverry 2016, CABIA

2016 – 2.9 Millons Treatments 2017 – 3.2 Millons Treatments

Beef semen doses used FTAI Treat. Used

FTAI/AI %

FTAI Market in Brazil

Pietro S Baruselli Theriogenology Department /FMVZ/ University of São Paulo

*

IA: 5 a 6% das matrizes em reprodução IA: 10 a 12% das matrizes em reprodução 1% 4% 7% 11% 19% 25% 32% 35% 50% 55% 65% 67% 70% 77% 85% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2.000.000 4.000.000 6.000.000 8.000.000 10.000.000 12.000.000 14.000.000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Número de eventos

% IATF/IA Número de IA (ASBIA) Detecção de Cio + IA Número de IATF

Experimental Design

Bull Bull

Day 0

FTAI

Heat Detection

Day 0 Day 90 Day 90

➢ 600 Nelore Cows, 55-70 days after calving

Bull

Day 0

FTAI

Day 90 Day 45 Day 45 Day 45

US 30d US 30d US 70d US 70d

Day 17

Bull

Day 0

Heat Detection

Day 90 Day 45

US 70d US 70d US 120d US 120d US 120d US 120d

(Penteado et al.,2005)

Gráfico 1. Estimativa da prenhez acumulada de vacas Nelore submetidas a diferentes tipos de manejo durante a estação de monta (n=594). Camapuã. 2005.

(Penteado, 2005)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

Taxa de Prenhez (%) Dias de Estação de Monta

IA conv IATF + IA IATF+touro Touro

a c d b b a

11,8% 21,0% 8,0%

Implementation of FTAI in “El Mangrullo” North West of Argentina.

Annual Rainfall

precipitaciones historicas

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 J u l i

• A

g

• s

t

• S

e p t i e m b r e O c t u b r e N

• v

i e m b r e D i c i e m b r e E n e r

• F

e b r e r

• M

a r z

• A

b r i l M a y

• J

u n i

• mes

mm

Rains by month (Historicaly)

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Breeding Season (6 month) (Cumulative Pregnancy Rate 85%) Breeding Season

PGF to Heifers

Day 0 Day 180 1/12 31/5

Objective: Breeding Season (4 month) Cumulative PR >85% Breeding Season

FTAI to Heifers

Day 0 Day 30-40 Day 120 1/12 5/1 31/3

FTAI (cow with calf)

Results from “El Mangrullo”

Category Year 2002 Year 2003 Year 2004 TOTAL Heifers 148/292 50.7% 341/619 55.1% 564/1233 45.7% 1053/2144 49.1% Dry Cows

• 189/394

47.9%

• 189/394

47.9% Wet Cows 156/289 54.0% 345/790 43.7% 450/1199 37.5% 951/2198 43.2% TOTAL 304/581 52.3% 875/1803 48.5% 1014/2352 43.1% 2193/4736 (46.3%)

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% SET OCT NOV DIC ENE FEB MAR

2002-03

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% SET OCT NOV DIC ENE FEB MAR

2003-04

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% SEP OCT NOV DIC ENE FEB MAR

2004-05

Distributions

• f calvings

during the year

Cutaia et al., 2004

Effect of FTAI on calf body weight

“El Mangrullo”

(North West of Argentina) n Weight at weaning (kg) Fixed Weight- 180 day (kg) FTAI+Bull 138 178.05 184.2 Bull 181 149.4 173.8 Difference 28.65 10.4

Cutaia et al., 2004

ab Medias con distintos superíndices en la misma columna difieren (P=0,00001)

Bulls CALVING Weaning Weight

PD 1

DIB

Weaning Weight Bull (n=137) Synch + Bull(n=111) Weaning Weight FTAI + Bull (n=105) FTAI

Day 38-54 Day 0 PD 2 Day 64-74 PD 3 Day 95-120 PD 4 Day 120-153

Bulls

Day 38-54 Day 0 Day 64-74 Day 95-120 Day 120-153 Day 8

CALVING CALVING

Day 38-54 Day 0 Day 64-74 Day 95-120 Day 120-153 Day 8

Bulls

Day 280-290 Day 280-290 Day 280-290 Day 486-511 Day 486-511 Day 486-511

Bull vs. Synch + Bull vs. FTAI+Bull

Cristian Burtre Thesis of IRAC Specialisation

DIB

PD 1 PD 2 PD 3 PD 4 PD 1 PD 2 PD 3 PD 4

n

PR first 18 to 24 days PR (%)

Bull

137

25.5%

83.9% Synch + Bull 111

54.1%

94.6% FTAI + Bull

105

58.1%

96.2%

Bull vs. Synch + Bull vs. FTAI+Bull

Cristian Burtre Thesis of IRAC Specialisation

183.7 202.8 211.3

50 100 150 200 250 Bull Synch + Bull FTAI + Bull

8,5 kg 19,1 kg 27,6 kg Average weight of calves

Bull vs. Synch + Bull vs. FTAI+Bull

Cristian Burtre Thesis of IRAC Specialisation

125 172 194

50 100 150 200 250 Bull Synch + Bull FTAI + Bull

22 kg 47 kg 69kg

Kg of calves achieved per cow

Impact of the implementation of FTAI on cumulative pregnancy rates in beef cows with calves in different regions of South Africa (Free State Province)

Dr Danie Odendaal, Dr Dries Lessing, Dr Rikus Janse Van Rensburg, Dr JG Nel, Dr Jan Wentzel, Dr Lucas Cutaia

In press, IRRS 2018

Objectives:

• Determine the impact
• f FTAI on cumulative

pregnancy rates in non-cycling wet cows

• Determine the effect
• f number of days

between calving and the start of FTAI protocol on cumulative pregnancy rates

Materials and methods:

• Two groups of commercial Bonsmara cattle

– randomly assigned into FTAI treatment and non- treatment groups

• Cows in group 1 were 75-105 days after calving
• Cows in group 2 were 45-85 days after calving

Experimental Design

Bull

Day 0 Day 63

Bull

Day 0

FTAI

Day 63 Day 45

US 30d US 70d

Day 2

US 70d US 120d US 120d US 120d Treated Group (T) Non Treated Group (NT)

P=0.9 P=0.069 75-105 days after calving 45-85 days after calving

General objective Determine the impact of implementation of progesterone based synchronization with eCG and FTAI on cumulative pregnancy rates in suckling beef cows and early weaned cows.

Impact of the implementation of synchronization with the use of eCG and FTAI on cumulative pregnancy in suckling beef cows and early weaned beef cows in Zambia

Cutaia, L., Nel JG

Materials and methods

Bonsmara herd:

• A study will be conducted in a stud Bonsmara herd of cows, that was

weaned early, to compare the cumulative pregnancy rate in animals subjected to a progesterone based synchronization program with fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) at the start of the breeding season followed by the introduction of “sweeper bulls” and animals subjected to a re-synchronization program with the introduction of “sweeper bulls” after the second FTAI.

Materials and methods

Boran herd 1 – Savuti

• A study will be conducted in a commercial suckling Boran herd of

cows to compare the cumulative pregnancy rate in animals subjected to a progesterone based synchronization program with fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) at the start of the breeding season followed by the introduction of “sweeper bulls” and animals in a controlled group not subjected to synchronization and relying only on “sweeper bulls” to conceive.

Materials and methods

Boran herd 2 – Mumembe

• A study will be conducted in a commercial suckling Boran herd of

cows to compare the cumulative pregnancy rate in animals subjected to a progesterone based synchronization program with fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) at the start of the breeding season followed by the introduction of “sweeper bulls” and animals in a controlled group not subjected to synchronization and relying only on “sweeper bulls” to conceive.

Materials and methods (Bonsmara)

Boran herds – Savuti & Mumembe

Bull

Day 0 Day 90

Bull

Day 0

FTAI

Day 90 Day 45

2nd FTAI US 70d

Day 30

US 70d US 120d US 120d US 120d Resynch Group FTAI Group

Resynch

FTAI

Results

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0% Day 0 Day 10 Day 20 Day 30 Day 40 Day 50 Day 60 Day 70 Day 80 Day 90 Day 140

Bonsmara

FTAI+Bull FTAI+Resynch+Bull

BCS=3 BCS=3.5

Materials and methods (Savuti and Mumembe)

Boran herds – Savuti & Mumembe

Bull

Day 0 Day 90

Bull

Day 0

FTAI

Day 90 Day 45

US 30d US 70d

Day 2

US 70d US 120d US 120d US 120d Treated Group (T) Non Treated Group (NT)

Results

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0% Day 0 Day 10 Day 20 Day 30 Day 40 Day 50 Day 60 Day 70 Day 80 Day 90 Day 115

Savuti FTAI+Bull Bull

BCS=2.25 BCS=2.75

Results

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0% Day 0 Day 10 Day 20 Day 30 Day 40 Day 50 Day 60 Day 70 Day 80 Day 90 Day 115

Mumembe

FTAI+Bull Bull

BCS=2 BCS=2.25

FTAI

Bring calving forward and tighten calving pattern

Increases in weaning weight

Syntex FTAI Data Base

DMV Lucas E. Cutaia

Technical Manager - Syntex SA lcutaia@syntexar.com

Syntex Data Base 2015 431,008 FTAI

Pregnancy Rates: 50.39 %

Minimum: 10.0 % Maximum: 82.0 %

Pregnacy Rates x Breed

54.90% 48.70%

20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% 45.00% 50.00% 55.00%

British n=68878 Indicus Cross n=95152

Cutaia et al., 2015

Pregnancy Rate x Category

51.6% 47.7% 52.0% 0.54 51.1%

40.0% 42.0% 44.0% 46.0% 48.0% 50.0% 52.0% 54.0% 56.0% 58.0% 60.0%

Wet Cows n=65,529 Early Weaning n=308 Dry Cow n=39,279 15 Month Heifers n=24,900 2 YO Heifers n=29,317

51.6 %

Cutaia et al., 2015

47.8 % 52.0 % 54.0 % 51.1 %

Determining the cumulative pregnancy rate in Bonsmara Heifers after Synchronization and Fixed Time Artificial Insemination followed by natural breeding in Namibia

Heusquin JBA, Nel JG & Cutaia L.

Materials & Methods

• 42 Stud Bonsmara heifers
• Average age – 18 months
• Average weight – 353 kg
• Synchronized using progesterone based program.
• Pregnancy diagnosis performed by ultrasound 60

days after AI.

• Pregnancy classified as either 60 days (conceived
• n AI) or 35 days (conceived with follow-up bull).

Materials & Methods

Results

Number pregnant Percentage 8 weeks pregnant (AI) 25 / 42 59.52% 5 weeks pregnant (bul) 13 / 42 30.95% Open / under 3 weeks pregnant 4 / 42 9.52%

Results

0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 90.00% 100.00% Day 10 (Conception with AI) Day 35 (Follow-up bull) Day 70 (Follow up Bull) Pregnancy percentage

Days

Cumulative Pregnancy

59.52% 90.47%

A special word of thanks!

• Dr Julie Heusquin for conducting the trials
• Hartebeestloop & Dr Joggie Briedenhann for

allowing us to perform the trials on their cattle

FTAI conclusions

• FTAI is not just a genetic tool, but is a management tool to

increase productivity –

• = more beef (calf weight) produced for each cow or heifer
• FTAI is a proven tool resulting in reproductive efficiencies

under different conditions

• FTAI enables a significant increase in the number of AI

animals (as seen in Argentina and Brazil)

• FTAI data indicates a great consistency in the results -

across different breeds, categories, environments and systems.

Sinkronisasie & VTKI gevolgtrekking

• Sinkronisasie & VTKI word nie net gebruik om genetika te

verbeter nie.

• VTKI word ook gebruik as bestuurshulpmiddel om

produktiwiteit te verbeter.

• (Meer beesvleis (kalf gewig) produseer per koei / vers).
• VTKI is ´n bewese hulpmiddel om reproduksie

doeltreffendheid onder verskillende omstandighede te verbeter.

• VTKI stel ons in staat om hoë aantal diere op ´n slag te KI

(soos in Argentinië en Brasilië gesien word)

• Die data dui konsequente resultate aan tussen verskillende

rasse, kategorieë van diere, omgewings en sisteme.

Thank you, questions are welcome

lcutaia@syntexar.com jg.nel@ascendishealth.com