SLIDE 1
Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence Artificial - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence Artificial - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence Study and design of machines that can think like a human being Attempt to understand human intelligence Artificial Intelligence But how do you define intelligence?
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
Artificial Intelligence
Study and design of machines that can think like a human being
Attempt to understand human intelligence
SLIDE 4
Artificial Intelligence
But how do you define intelligence?
Umbrella term Abstract thought, understanding, communication, reasoning and learning, planning and problem solving
Goal: understand primary issues involved and the challenges
SLIDE 5
Example: Turing Test
A behavioral test to determine whether a computer system is intelligent
Weak equivalence: The equality of two systems based on their results Strong equivalence: The equality of two systems based on their results and the process by which they arrive at those results
- Natural language processing
- Knowledge about various topics
- Reasoning
SLIDE 6
Foundations of AI
Psychology
How do humans and animals think and act?
Computer Science/Engineering
How to build an efficient computer system?
Linguistics
How does language relate to thought?
SLIDE 7
Data Sources
Natural language Mathematical notation Imagery data Written text Music
SLIDE 8
Semantic network
A graph or network that presents meaningful relationships among objects/concepts
Water Vertebra Animal Mammal Bear Cat Fur Fish Whale
has has has is a is a is a lives in lives in is a is a
SLIDE 9
Thought Question
Think of five questions that you might issue as the interrogator of a Turing test. Why would a computer have difficulty answering them well? Please explain your reasoning.
SLIDE 10
Search Trees
Hierarchical structures that represents the alternatives of situations/choices
Nodes/Vertices: Points in a tree that contains some form of data Edges/Arcs: Link between nodes in a search tree Game tree: is a graph whose nodes are the positions in a game and whose edges are moves
SLIDE 11
Search Trees
12 6 9 5 8 2 7 4 4 6 3 1 5 3 7 Nodes/Vertices Edges/Arcs Parent nodes C L P P P P P P C C C P Child nodes L L L L C L C L L L Leaf nodes
SLIDE 12
Game Trees
Player 1 Player 2 Player 1 Player 2 Wins! Depth first search Breadth first search Wins!
SLIDE 13
xkcd
SLIDE 14
A* Search
State of the art method in searching a tree A "Greedy" and "Best First Search" method Each possible next node in a graph is considered based on a heuristic (guess of future cost) and current cost. Simple yet powerful
SLIDE 15
Visual Example
http://upload.wikimedia.
- rg/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Astar_progres