I N T R O Reducing youth and young adult group/gang involvement in - - PDF document

9/6/18 1

2018 Community Assessment Update

Presented by

Michelle M. Maike, Director Megan B. Osborne, Research Associate

I N T R O

Reducing youth and young adult group/gang involvement in suburban King County

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I N T R O

Creation of the LINC Steering Committee Phase 1: Strengthening coordination and collaboration among all involved agencies Phase 2: Implementation of three multidisciplinary intervention teams to deliver and coordinate services to youth and families.

LINC 1 – Highline, Renton, & Tuikwila school districts LINC 2 – Auburn, Federal Way, & Kent school districts Seattle LINC – South-end neighborhoods of Seattle

I N T R O

Defining Community Community = school district

As school districts typically include multiple cities, this encourages interagency and cross-jurisdictional partnerships

Suburban King County Auburn, Burien, Federal Way, Kent, Renton, SeaTac, and Tukwila

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I N T R O

Source #1

N O

Community Demographics

E

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O N E

Community Demographics

Washington Auburn Burien Federal Way Kent Renton SeaTac Tukwila Population

7,288,000 77,472 50,997 96,757 127,514 100,953 28,873 20,033

Male

49.8% 49.4% 50.3% 49.0% 49.9% 49.5% 52.4% 51.9%

Female

50.2% 50.6% 49.7% 51.0% 50.1% 50.5% 47.6% 48.1%

White

69.7% 60.8% 51.2% 49.1% 47.1% 47.4% 34.0% 33.0%

African American

3.5% 4.3% 6.9% 11.0% 10.3% 10.5% 22.5% 19.9%

American Indian / Alaskan Native

1.2% 1.9% 1.2% 0.8% 0.7% 0.4% 0.9% 0.6%

Asian

7.9% 9.7% 10.3% 13.2% 17.6% 22.1% 15.1% 22.3%

Hawaiian / Pacific Islander

0.6% 1.8% 1.6% 1.9% 2.5% 1.1% 2.9% 2.1%

Two or More Races

4.6% 6.8% 5.1% 6.2% 5.0% 6.2% 6.3% 7.0%

Hispanic / Latino

12.4% 14.5% 23.6% 17.6% 16.6% 12.3% 17.8% 14.2%

Other

0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.5% 0.0%

Non-English Speakers

19.3% 26.5% 33.9% 31.3% 39.9% 34.8% 48.1% 50.0%

Foreign Born

13.5% 17.9% 22.9% 23.4% 28.5% 28.2% 37.6% 41.4%

Unemployed

5.4% 4.1% 4.0% 4.1% 4.1% 3.6% 4.3%

• In Poverty

11.3% 14.5% 17.4% 13.5% 15.2% 11.9% 18.1% 21.5%

Education - High School Diploma

90.6% 87.4% 83.2% 89.4% 85.4% 90.1% 83.4% 80.3%

2016 Community Demographics

Source #2

O N E

Community Demographics

Auburn

VS

Minority Population 39.2% (▲8.9) Non-English Speakers 26.5% (▲7.2) Foreign Born 17.9% (▲4.4) In Poverty 14.5% (▲3.2) High School Diploma 87.4% (▼3.2) Minority Population 30.3% Non-English Speakers 19.3% Foreign Born 13.5% In Poverty 11.3% High School Diploma 90.6%

Washington State

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O N E

Community Demographics

VS

Minority Population 48.8% (▲18.5) Non-English Speakers 33.9% (▲14.6) Foreign Born 22.9% (▲9.4) In Poverty 17.4% (▲6.1) High School Diploma 83.2% (▼7.4) Minority Population 30.3% Non-English Speakers 19.3% Foreign Born 13.5% In Poverty 11.3% High School Diploma 90.6%

Burien Washington State

O N E

Community Demographics

VS

Minority Population 50.9% (▲20.6) Non-English Speakers 31.3% (▲12.0) Foreign Born 23.4% (▲9.9) In Poverty 13.5% (▲2.2) High School Diploma 89.4% (▼1.2) Minority Population 30.3% Non-English Speakers 19.3% Foreign Born 13.5% In Poverty 11.3% High School Diploma 90.6%

Federal Way Washington State

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O N E

Community Demographics

VS

Minority Population 52.9% (▲22.6) Non-English Speakers 39.9% (▲20.6) Foreign Born 28.5% (▲15.0) In Poverty 15.2% (▲3.9) High School Diploma 85.4% (▼5.2) Minority Population 30.3% Non-English Speakers 19.3% Foreign Born 13.5% In Poverty 11.3% High School Diploma 90.6%

Kent Washington State

O N E

Community Demographics

VS

Minority Population 52.6% (▲22.3) Non-English Speakers 34.8% (▲15.5) Foreign Born 28.2% (▲14.7) In Poverty 11.9% (▲0.6) High School Diploma 90.1% (▼0.5) Minority Population 30.3% Non-English Speakers 19.3% Foreign Born 13.5% In Poverty 11.3% High School Diploma 90.6%

Renton Washington State

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O N E

Community Demographics

VS

Minority Population 66.0% (▲35.7) Non-English Speakers 48.1% (▲28.8) Foreign Born 37.6% (▲24.1) In Poverty 18.1% (▲6.8) High School Diploma 83.4% (▼7.2) Minority Population 30.3% Non-English Speakers 19.3% Foreign Born 13.5% In Poverty 11.3% High School Diploma 90.6%

SeaTac Washington State

O N E

Community Demographics

VS

Minority Population 67.0% (▲36.7) Non-English Speakers 50.0% (▲30.7) Foreign Born 41.4% (▲27.9) In Poverty 21.5% (▲10.2) High School Diploma 80.3% (▼10.3) Minority Population 30.3% Non-English Speakers 19.3% Foreign Born 13.5% In Poverty 11.3% High School Diploma 90.6%

Tukwila Washington State

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O N E

Community Demographics

VS

Minority Population 51.2% (▲20.9) Non-English Speakers 35.4% (▲16.1) Foreign Born 26.3% (▲12.8) In Poverty 14.7% (▲3.4) High School Diploma 86.9% (▼3.7) Minority Population 30.3% Non-English Speakers 19.3% Foreign Born 13.5% In Poverty 11.3% High School Diploma 90.6%

LINC Area Washington State

O N E

Community Demographics

28.9% 23.2% 6.5% 11.5% 35.4% 26.3% 4.0% 14.7% . % 5 . % 1 . % 1 5 . % 2 . % 2 5 . % 3 . % 3 5 . % 4 . % Non-English Speakers Foreign Born Unemployment Poverty

Figure 2: Other Demographic & Socioeconomic Factors

2005-2009 vs. 2016

2005-2009 2016 Source #3

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O N E

Community Demographics

VS

Median Household Income $55,909% (▼12.8) Median Household Income $64,129%

LINC Area Washington State

Overall, unemployment is down in the LINC Area when compared to the Statewide level (4.0% vs. 5.4%). As the poverty level is 3.4 points higher (14.7% vs. 11.3%) and median household income lower, this suggests that access to living wage jobs are likely impacting

• verall income.

O N E

Community Demographics

Source #4

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O N E

Community Demographics

Community Demographics Factors Linked to Gang/Group Membership & Formation

Rapid population growth from 2005-2016 Relatively high and increasing poverty rates compared to state averages Higher population of foreign-born & non-English speakers Higher numbers of risk factors (health, housing, economic

• pportunity, etc.)

Lower levels of education compared to state averages

W T

Student & School Characteristics

O

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T W O

Student & School Characteristics

LINC Area School Districts Auburn Federal Way Highline Kent Renton Tukwila

T W O

Student & School Characteristics

2016 Student Enrollment Demographics

Source #4

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VS

Minority Enrollment 69.8% (▲25.0) Non-English Speaking 21.0% (▲10.5) Adjusted 4-Year Graduation Rate 77.9% (▼1.2) Free or Reduced-Priced Meals 62.0% (▲19.1) K12 Homeless 3.1% (▼0.6) Minority Enrollment 44.8% Non-English Speaking 10.5% Adjusted 4-Year Graduation Rate 79.1% Free or Reduced-Priced Meals 42.9% K12 Homeless 3.7%

LINC Area Washington State

T W O

Student & School Characteristics

T W O

Student & School Characteristics

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 American Indian / Alaskan Native Asia n Black / African American Hispanic / Latino

• f any race(s)

Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander Two or More Races White

Suspension/Expulsion Composition Index by Race, 2016-2017

Washington Auburn SD Federal Way SD Highline SD Kent SD Renton SD Tukwila SD

State State State State State State State

Source #6

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T W O

Student & School Characteristics

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 American Indian / Alaskan Native Asia n Black / African American Hispanic / Latino

• f any race(s)

Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander Two or More Races White

Suspension/Expulsion ComposiTon Index by Race, 2016-2017

Washington LINC AREA

State LINC

Source #6

T W O

Student & School Characteristics

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

TREND: ON-TIME GRADUATION RATE

Percentage of students who graduate in 4 years by comple8on of gradua8on requirements

State Auburn Federal Way Highline Kent Renton Tukwila

State

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0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

HIGH SCHOOL COHORT (CUMULATIVE) DROP OUT RATE

Percentage of students who drop out prior to gradua3on

State Auburn Federal Way Highline Kent Renton Tukwila

T W O

Student & School Characteristics State

T H R E E

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

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T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

Groups/Gangs in Schools

E E

Are there gangs at your school? During the past 12 months, have you been a member of a gang? Asked of 8th and 10th grade LINC Area students (Oct. 2016)

&

T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

E E

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 8th 10th

"Are there gangs in your schoool?"

Percentage of 8th & 10th grade youth responding "Yes" Healthy Youth Survey, 2016 Auburn

State State

Source #7

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0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 8th 10th

"During the past 12 months, have you been a member of a gang?"

Percentage of 8th & 10th grade youth responding "Yes" Healthy Youth Survey, 2016 Auburn

T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

E E

State State

Source #7

T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

E E

444 Students 8th 332 Students

10th

+

776 Students

During the past 12 months, have you been a member

• f a gang?

Combined 8th & 10th grade that self-reported gang- involvement

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T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

Groups/Gangs in Schools

E E

During the past 12 months, were you in a physical fight? During the past 30 days, did you Carry a gun (anywhere)? Asked of 8th and 10th grade LINC Area students (Oct. 2016)

&

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 8th 10th

"During the past 12 months, were you in a physical fight?"

Percentage of 8th & 10th grade youth responding "Yes" Healthy Youth Survey, 2016 Auburn

T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

E E

State State

Source #7

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0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 8th 10th

"During the past 30 days, did you carry a gun (anywhere)?"

Percentage of 8th & 10th grade youth responding "Yes" Healthy Youth Survey, 2016 Auburn

T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

E E

State State

Source #7

T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

E E

200 Students 8th 242 Students

10th

+

442 Students

During the past 30 days, did you carry a gun (anywhere)? Combined 8th & 10th grade that reported carrying a gun for purposes other than hunting

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T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

Groups/Gangs in Schools

E E

During the past 30 days, did you carry a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on school property? Asked of 8th and 10th grade LINC Area students (Oct. 2016)

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 8th 10th

"During the past 30 days, did you carry a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on school property?"

Percentage of 8th & 10th grade youth responding "Yes" Healthy Youth Survey, 2016 Auburn

T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

E E

State State

Source #7

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T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

E E

361 Students 8th 337 Students

10th

+

698 Students

During the past 30 days, did you carry a weapon (anywhere)? Combined 8th & 10th grade that reported carrying a weapon such as a gun, knife,

• r club on school property

T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

E E

Examining the same data from two different lenses Gang-involved youth vs. Non-gang-involved youth

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T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

E E

Are there gangs at your school?

Gang vs. Non-Gang Source #7 District Grade Gang involved Not Gang involved Auburn 8 40% 16% 24% 10 48% 27% 21% Federal Way 8 26% 8% 18% 10 38% 18% 20% Highline 8 50% 23% 27% 10 46% 18% 29% Kent 8 34% 8% 27% 10 54% 13% 41% Renton 8 48% 11% 37% 10 53% 15% 37% Seattle 8 40% 10% 31% 10 48% 18% 30%

▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

E E

Past 12 months - physical fight (“yes”)?

Gang vs. Non-Gang Source #7 District Grade Gang involved Not Gang involved Auburn 8 57% 24% 33% 10 64% 18% 46% Federal Way 8 58% 25% 33% 10 50% 18% 32% Highline 8 71% 27% 44% 10

• Kent

8 54% 24% 30% 10 55% 17% 39% Renton 8 50% 21% 29% 10 44% 16% 27% Seattle 8 62% 25% 37% 10 53% 19% 35%

▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

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District Grade Gang involved Not Gang involved Auburn 8 34% 2% 32% 10 38% 4% 34% Federal Way 8 31% 3% 28% 10 29% 3% 26% Highline 8 45% 5% 39% 10

• Kent

8 23% 3% 20% 10 30% 4% 27% Seattle 8 23% 3% 20% 10 29% 5% 24%

T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

E E

▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

Past 30 days – carry a weapon (“yes”)?

Gang vs. Non-Gang Source #7 District Grade Gang involved Not Gang involved Auburn 8 42% 36% 6% 10

• Federal Way

8 54% 31% 22% 10 54% 38% 16% Highline 8 64% 39% 25% 10

• Kent

8 56% 31% 26% 10

• Renton

8

• 10

56% 37% 19% Seattle 8 57% 34% 23% 10 62% 38% 25%

T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

E E

School risk – low commitment to school?

▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

Gang vs. Non-Gang Source #7

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District Grade Gang involved Not Gang involved Auburn 8 46% 19% 27% 10

• Federal Way

8 39% 26% 14% 10 57% 30% 28% Highline 8 49% 30% 19% 10

• Kent

8 36% 21% 15% 10

• Renton

8

• 10

44% 25% 19% Seattle 8 49% 22% 28% 10 51% 26% 24%

T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

E E

Community risk – laws and norms favorable to drug use?

▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

Gang vs. Non-Gang Source #7

T H R

Washington State Healthy Youth Survey

E E

Are there gangs at your school?

(10th grade only)

HYS – Putting it all together LINC Area Washington State 17% - 28% 18.6%

Past 12 months – gang membership

(10th grade only)

2.2% - 13% 5.1%

#

776

Gang Membership

442

Carried a Gun

698

Carried a Weapon

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F O U R

Community Risk & Crime

F O U

Community Risk & Crime

Community Risk Factors: Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Crime

R

Weapons Incidents in School: Rate per 1,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 State 3.07 2.92 2.85 2.80 2.66 2.61 2.00 1.89 1.78 1.68 LINC Area 4.20 4.26 4.08 3.59 3.16 2.76 2.59 2.01 2.23 2.26 Comparison 1.13 1.34 1.23 0.79 0.50 0.15 0.59 0.12 0.45 0.58 Total Arrests of Adolescents (Age 10-17): Rate per 1,000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 State 48.41 48.97 45.54 41.43 39.37 37.13 26.75 27.67 25.64 23.68 LINC Area 48.60 47.35 38.86 33.70 30.47 22.83 21.16 21.97 22.46 18.82 Comparison 0.19

• 1.62
• 6.68
• 7.73
• 8.90
• 14.30
• 5.59
• 5.70
• 3.18
• 4.86

Tukwila UN UN UN UN UN 168.40 146.14 203.57 197.93 184.36

Source #8

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F O U

Community Risk & Crime

Community Risk Factors: Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Crime

R

Arrests (Age 10-17), Property Crime (rate per 1,000) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 State 15.71 16.32 15.41 13.75 12.40 12.27 8.93 8.34 7.77 6.93 LINC Area 16.91 17.58 17.16 13.55 14.14 9.73 9.76 8.85 8.21 5.76 Comparison 1.20 1.26 1.75

• 0.20

1.74

• 2.54

0.83 0.51 0.44

• 1.17

Tukwila UN UN UN UN UN 122.84 115.07 139.74 118.53 109.02 Arrests (Age 10-17), Violent Crime (rate per 1,000) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 State 2.25 2.46 2.25 2.31 2.13 1.80 1.48 1.66 1.59 1.55 LINC Area 3.15 3.41 3.13 3.79 2.61 2.09 1.73 2.26 2.30 2.01 Comparison 0.90 0.95 0.88 1.48 0.48 0.29 0.25 0.60 0.71 0.46 Tukwila UN UN UN UN UN 3.46 1.73 0.58 2.88 2.85

Source #8

F O U

Community Risk & Crime

Community Risk Factors: Violent Crime and Crime Rate

R

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Trend Violent Crime Rate/1,000 (2012-2016)

Combine rate of homicide, robbery, aggravated assault and rape

Washington Auburn Burien Federal Way Kent Renton SeaTac Seattle Tukwila Source #9

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F O U

Community Risk & Crime

R

2012

5.2 (▲2.2) 3.0

LINC Area Washington State Violent Crime Rates

2013 2014 2015 2016

4.6 (▲2.5) 2.1 4.7 (▲2.5) 2.2 4.5 (▲1.8) 2.7 4.8 (▲1.9) 2.9

F O U

Community Risk & Crime

R

Source #4

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F I V

Group/Gang-involved Population

E

Group Audits

Conducted individual group audits with partner law enforcement agencies within the LINC Area

Group

/ɡro͞op/

noun 1. “any durable, street-oriented (youth or adult) group whose involvement in illegal activity is part of its group identity”

F I V

Group/Gang-involved Population

E

Group Audits

Identify the groups operating within each city/jurisdiction

1.

Answer questions regarding characteristic of each group

2.

Identify group relationships (i.e. conflicts & alliances)

3.

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F I V

Group/Gang-involved Population

E

South King County Group Audit

Total unique groups identified across the LINC Area

50

Estimated group members

830-2600

Average size of each group, reaching up to 600 members

19-60

Group Characteristics

40% Hispanic 32% Black American 15-33 average age

(primary race/ethnicity)

Source #10

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F I V

Group/Gang-involved Population

E

Criminal Activities, Violence, and Organization

When asked about core criminal activities of each group, 74% were identified as being involved in violent crime (e.g., shootings, armed robberies, other gun-related offenses)

How violent is this group? n=46 Level of Violence: “How violent is the group?”

Source #10

How organized is this group? n=45

F I V

Group/Gang-involved Population

E

Criminal Activities, Violence, and Organization

When asked to indicate the level of organization among the groups, the majority were found to have limited

• rganization

Level of Organiza/on: “How organized is the group?”

Source #10

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F I V E

Group/Gang-involved Population

F I V

Group/Gang-involved Population

E

Network of Conflicts and Alliances

27

27 of 50 South County groups were identified as being connected

b e e f alliance

22 of the 27 groups with ties had conflict or “beef”. They are separated into two distinct sub-networks: comprised of predominantly Hispanic and predominantly Black/African/African American groups

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I S

Recommendations

X

S I X

Recommendations

Recommendations

Recommendation 1: Strengthen Community Mobilization strategies Recommendation 2: Expand Opportunities Provision strategies Recommendation 3: Implement school-based prevention strategies Recommendation 4: Implement prevention programs focused on youth at-risk of group involvement

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S I X

Recommendations

Recommendations

Recommendation 5: Appropriately distribute prevention, intervention and suppression resources

Gang Response and Involvement Pyramid

Source #11

S I X

Recommendations

Recommendations

Recommendation 6: Continue to collect and validate group related data Share gang/group intelligence both within and across agencies. Put in place policies for the collection, maintenance, and sharing of group intelligence across agencies Utilize school & community-based data in addition to law enforcement data

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Sources

• 1. Public Health – Sea1le & King County. Assessment, Policy Development & EvaluaAon

(06/2014)

• 2. US Census Quick Facts 2016
• 3. American Community Survey (ACS) 2016
• 4. Sea1le & King County Public Health, 2016
• 5. Office of Superintendent of Public InstrucAon 2017 *Adjusted cohort = Students are included

in the cohort based on when they first entered 9th grade. The cohort is “adjusted” by adding in students that transfer into the school and by subtracAng students who transfer out of the school (OSPI).

• 6. Office of Superintendent of Public InstrucAon 2017
• 7. Washington State Healthy Youth Survey (HYS)
• 8. Risk and ProtecAon Profile for Substance Abuse PrevenAon in Washington CommuniAes (DSHS

2017)

• 9. Washington AssociaAon of Sheriffs & Police Chiefs - Crime in Washington, 2012-2016
• 10. Maike & Associates – South King County Gang Group Audit (2017)
• 11. Wyrick 2006