Genre Analysis Hip Hop development African American communities - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Genre Analysis

Hip Hop development

— African American communities — Block parties in N.Y.C.:

— “The Bronx”

— Spurred from Poverty, Violence and Urban Hardship

— continual traits and themes

— Later spread to other Urban areas including its influence to

Latin American communities.

Hip Hop elements

— The “Hip Hop” term is characterized by distinct elements:

— Rapping — Turntablism or "Djing” — Break dancing or “Breaking” — Graffiti art — Other associated elements include sampling (or synthesis),

and beatboxing.

Hip Hop - term

— Credited to Keith Cowboy

— rapper with Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five.

— Teased a friend who had just joined the Army, mimicking

marching

— Later working “Hip hop” into his stage performance

— Made famous by The Sugarhill Gang in "Rapper's Delight".

Block Par5es in The Bronx

— DJs would play popular R&B records

— especially Funk and Soul music.

— DJs began isolating the percussive breaks

— Common place in Jamaican Dub music

— Influence introduced to NY by immigrants from the

Caribbean including DJ Kool Herc, considered the father

• f Hip Hop.

DJ Kool Herc – “Merry Go Round”

— Herc and other DJs began using two turntables to

loop and extend the breaks in Funk, Soul & Disco records

— Cutting between two identical or similar records

Breaks & Beats

— The “break” would also introduce other

Turntablist techniques:

— Scratching — Beat Juggling, mixing & matching

— The breaks and beats became a base that could

be rapped over

— developing from the art of “toasting” — another influence found in Jamaican dub music.

Toas5ng & Rapping/ MCing

— Rhythmic & spoken vocal style

— Introduced by DJ Kool Herc & Coke La Rock

through the influence of Reggae and Sound System style “toasting”.

— DJs and MCs continued delivering simple

poetry verses over funk breaks and often add call and response chants to a piece

From party DJ to ar5st

— As many of these early elements were solidified,

groups such as “Kool Herc and The Herculoids” & “Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five” were starting to gain recognition as artists.

From party DJ to ar5st

— DJ Disco Wiz became the first to create a "mixed

plate," or mixed dub recording

— Combined sound bites, special effects and paused

beats to technically produce a sound recording in 1977.

Transi5on to recording

— Prior to 1979, recorded Hip Hop music consisted mainly of

PA system recordings of parties and early mixtapes by DJs.

— The first produced “Hip Hop record” is regarded to be The

Sugarhill Gang's "Rapper's Delight", from 1979.

Hip Hop origins Early 1980’s

— The introduction of Drum Machines and Samplers

became significant to creating the new music

— Oberheim DMX

— Roland 808 — E-mu SP-1200 — AKAI SP90o

— B-boying became the first aspect of Hip Hop culture to

reach Japan, Australia and South Africa, introducing the music.

Conscious Rap Early 1980’s

— Soon, the early party music became more complex, with

metaphorical lyrics over multi-layered instrumentals, turning Hip Hop into a mature art form:

— Melle Mel — Rakim — Chuck D — KRS-One

— Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five’s – “The

Message” became the pioneering force for conscious rap in 1982.

Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five “The Message”

New School or Second Wave

Mid - late 1980’s

— 1983-84 saw Run-DMC and LL Cool J

— Shorter songs suitable for radio and more cohesive LPs

— The Beastie Boys' 1986 album Licensed to Ill

— first rap album to hit #1 on the Billboard charts.

New School or Second Wave

Mid - late 1980’s

— Run-DMC & Aerosmith collaborate on Walk This Way

— launched Hip Hop into a wider Rock audience.

— Hip Hop had by now spread abroad to Cuba, Puerto Rico and

even France.

Golden Age - Late 1980’s

— The ‘Golden Age’ of Hip Hop in the late 80’s spawned artists such as:

— Public Enemy — De La Soul — Big Daddy Kane — The Jungle Brothers — & Cuban-American “Cypress Hill”

— West Coast and Gangster Rap was introduced by Ice-T and N.W.A.

N.W.A. – Express Yourself

1990’s Mainsteream Breakthrough

— Public Enemy - Fear of a Black Planet

— Single – “Fight the Power”

— MC Hammer - Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em

— Single – “U Can’t Touch This”.

1990’s West vs. East

— A rivalry developed between emerging West Coast & East Coast

artists and was often documented within the lyrics of songs.

— West Coast:

— Snoop Dogg — Dr. Dre — Tupac Shakur

— East Coast:

— Notorious B.I.G. — Wu-Tang Clan.

Mid-Late 90’s - Fusion

— Neo Soul; fused Hip Hop with soul music. — Fusions with Rock, Hardcore Punk and Metal became

popular through:

— Rage Against the Machine & Limp Bizkit.

Mid-Late 90’s Expansion

— Hip Hop & Rap scenes develop around the world

— Especially the UK, Europe, Brazil & Central America.

— A broader audience was found through Eminem releases:

— The Slim Shady EP (1997) — The Slim Shady LP (1999)

Hip Hop 2000’s

— Dr. Dre remained an important figure, producing:

— Eminem’s - The Marshall Mathers LP — 50 Cent’s - Get Rich or Die Tryin’

— #1 on the U.S. Billboard charts.

— Nelly's debut LP, Country Grammar, sold over 9 million copies. — Crunk music, deriving from Southern Hip Hop, gained

popularity through Lil Jon and the Ying Yang Twins.

Hip Hop 2000’s

— Jay-Z represented the cultural triumph of Hip Hop.

— Progressing from artist to Label President, Head of a

clothing line, Club Owner, Market Consultant and Sports agency owner

— Along the way breaking Elvis Presley’s solo artist

record for most no. 1 albums on the Billboard charts

Hip Hop 2000’s

— Alternative Hip Hop gains success through:

— The Roots — Kanye West — Gnarls Barkley — Mos Def

— And with Rappers outside the USA such as:

— K'naan (Somali - Canadian) — Shing02 (Japanese) — M.I.A. (Sri-Lankan – British)

Hip Hop now

— Hip Hop is bigger than ever and continually growing around the

world.

— Major artists include the successful:

— Kid Cudi — Drake — Wale — J. Cole — Lupe Fiasco — The Cool Kids — Jay Electronica — B.o.B.

Lupe Fiasco – Around My Way

Hip Hop Australian Hip Hop Ar5sts include:

— Hilltop Hoods — Urthboy — 1200 Techniques — Drapht — Phrase — 360 — The Herd — Diafrix — Bliss N Esso — Koolism — Illy — The Funkoars — Muph N Plutonic — Pez — Astronomy Class — Butterfingers

Hilltop Hoods “Nosebleed Sec5on” Drapht “Rapunzel”

Instruments

Produc5on

— Turntablism

— Merry-Go- Round — Beat Juggling, Mixing & Matching

— Scratching — Sampling

Produc5on

— Beat and Vocal focus — All else becomes accompaniment — Simple beats in 4/4 time

— (Roland 808 kick – popular) — Kick can be tuned to notes

— Straight & Swing

— Sometimes intercrossing

Produc5on

— Double tracking/ thickening up vocal.

— Dynamic mics

— Use of hooks and ear catching material (often pulled from

• ther songs)

— Chipmunk (speeding up/pitching up of vocal).