Genre Analysis Hip Hop development African American communities - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Genre Analysis

Hip Hop development — African American communities — Block parties in N.Y.C.: — “The Bronx” — Spurred from Poverty, Violence and Urban Hardship — continual traits and themes — Later spread to other Urban areas including its influence to Latin American communities.

Hip Hop elements — The “Hip Hop” term is characterized by distinct elements: — Rapping — Turntablism or "Djing” — Break dancing or “Breaking” — Graffiti art — Other associated elements include sampling (or synthesis), and beatboxing.

Hip Hop - term — Credited to Keith Cowboy — rapper with Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. — Teased a friend who had just joined the Army, mimicking marching — Later working “Hip hop” into his stage performance — Made famous by The Sugarhill Gang in "Rapper's Delight".

Block Par5es in The Bronx — DJs would play popular R&B records — especially Funk and Soul music. — DJs began isolating the percussive breaks — Common place in Jamaican Dub music — Influence introduced to NY by immigrants from the Caribbean including DJ Kool Herc, considered the father of Hip Hop.

DJ Kool Herc – “Merry Go Round” — Herc and other DJs began using two turntables to loop and extend the breaks in Funk, Soul & Disco records — Cutting between two identical or similar records

Breaks & Beats — The “break” would also introduce other Turntablist techniques: — Scratching — Beat Juggling, mixing & matching — The breaks and beats became a base that could be rapped over — developing from the art of “toasting” — another influence found in Jamaican dub music.

Toas5ng & Rapping/ MCing — Rhythmic & spoken vocal style — Introduced by DJ Kool Herc & Coke La Rock through the influence of Reggae and Sound System style “toasting”. — DJs and MCs continued delivering simple poetry verses over funk breaks and often add call and response chants to a piece

From party DJ to ar5st — As many of these early elements were solidified, groups such as “Kool Herc and The Herculoids” & “Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five” were starting to gain recognition as artists.

From party DJ to ar5st — DJ Disco Wiz became the first to create a "mixed plate," or mixed dub recording — Combined sound bites, special effects and paused beats to technically produce a sound recording in 1977.

Transi5on to recording — Prior to 1979, recorded Hip Hop music consisted mainly of PA system recordings of parties and early mixtapes by DJs. — The first produced “Hip Hop record” is regarded to be The Sugarhill Gang's "Rapper's Delight", from 1979.

Hip Hop origins Early 1980’s — The introduction of Drum Machines and Samplers became significant to creating the new music — Oberheim DMX — Roland 808 — E-mu SP-1200 — AKAI SP90o — B-boying became the first aspect of Hip Hop culture to reach Japan, Australia and South Africa, introducing the music.

Conscious Rap Early 1980’s — Soon, the early party music became more complex, with metaphorical lyrics over multi-layered instrumentals, turning Hip Hop into a mature art form: — Melle Mel — Rakim — Chuck D — KRS-One — Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five’s – “The Message” became the pioneering force for conscious rap in 1982.

Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five “The Message”

New School or Second Wave Mid - late 1980’s — 1983-84 saw Run-DMC and LL Cool J — Shorter songs suitable for radio and more cohesive LPs — The Beastie Boys' 1986 album Licensed to Ill — first rap album to hit #1 on the Billboard charts.

New School or Second Wave Mid - late 1980’s — Run-DMC & Aerosmith collaborate on Walk This Way — launched Hip Hop into a wider Rock audience. — Hip Hop had by now spread abroad to Cuba, Puerto Rico and even France.

Golden Age - Late 1980’s — The ‘Golden Age’ of Hip Hop in the late 80’s spawned artists such as: — Public Enemy — De La Soul — Big Daddy Kane — The Jungle Brothers — & Cuban-American “Cypress Hill” — West Coast and Gangster Rap was introduced by Ice-T and N.W.A.

N.W.A. – Express Yourself

1990’s Mainsteream Breakthrough — Public Enemy - Fear of a Black Planet — Single – “Fight the Power” — MC Hammer - Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em — Single – “U Can’t Touch This”.

1990’s West vs. East — A rivalry developed between emerging West Coast & East Coast artists and was often documented within the lyrics of songs. — West Coast: — Snoop Dogg — Dr. Dre — Tupac Shakur — East Coast: — Notorious B.I.G. — Wu-Tang Clan.

Mid-Late 90’s - Fusion — Neo Soul; fused Hip Hop with soul music. — Fusions with Rock, Hardcore Punk and Metal became popular through: — Rage Against the Machine & Limp Bizkit.

Mid-Late 90’s Expansion — Hip Hop & Rap scenes develop around the world — Especially the UK, Europe, Brazil & Central America. — A broader audience was found through Eminem releases: — The Slim Shady EP (1997) — The Slim Shady LP (1999)

Hip Hop 2000’s — Dr. Dre remained an important figure, producing: — Eminem’s - The Marshall Mathers LP — 50 Cent’s - Get Rich or Die Tryin’ — #1 on the U.S. Billboard charts. — Nelly's debut LP, Country Grammar, sold over 9 million copies. — Crunk music, deriving from Southern Hip Hop, gained popularity through Lil Jon and the Ying Yang Twins.

Hip Hop 2000’s — Jay-Z represented the cultural triumph of Hip Hop. — Progressing from artist to Label President, Head of a clothing line, Club Owner, Market Consultant and Sports agency owner — Along the way breaking Elvis Presley’s solo artist record for most no. 1 albums on the Billboard charts

Hip Hop 2000’s — Alternative Hip Hop gains success through: — The Roots — Kanye West — Gnarls Barkley — Mos Def — And with Rappers outside the USA such as: — K'naan (Somali - Canadian) — Shing02 (Japanese) — M.I.A. (Sri-Lankan – British)

Hip Hop now — Hip Hop is bigger than ever and continually growing around the world. — Major artists include the successful: — Kid Cudi — Drake — Wale — J. Cole — Lupe Fiasco — The Cool Kids — Jay Electronica — B.o.B.

Lupe Fiasco – Around My Way

Hip Hop Australian Hip Hop Ar5sts include: — Hilltop Hoods — Bliss N Esso — Urthboy — Koolism — 1200 Techniques — Illy — Drapht — The Funkoars — Phrase — Muph N Plutonic — 360 — Pez — The Herd — Astronomy Class — Diafrix — Butterfingers

Hilltop Hoods Drapht “Nosebleed Sec5on” “Rapunzel”

Instruments

Produc5on — Turntablism — Merry-Go- Round — Beat Juggling, Mixing & Matching — Scratching — Sampling

Produc5on — Beat and Vocal focus — All else becomes accompaniment — Simple beats in 4/4 time — (Roland 808 kick – popular) — Kick can be tuned to notes — Straight & Swing — Sometimes intercrossing

Produc5on — Double tracking/ thickening up vocal. — Dynamic mics — Use of hooks and ear catching material (often pulled from other songs) — Chipmunk (speeding up/pitching up of vocal).