Energy in the Cell ATP= Most commonly used energy in the cell - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Energy in the Cell

ATP= Most commonly used energy in the cell Mitochondria convert food energy (i.e. carbohydrates) to ATP Origins of ATP Adenosine triphosphate - Adenosine with 3 phosphate molecules attached A working muscle cell spends and recycles up to 10 million ATP molecules per second

ATP & Energy

Energy is required to hold ATP molecules together – phosphate molecules are polar and are trying to repel one another When ATP bonds are broken, energy is released ATP energy is used for metabolism and all other bodily processes Benefits of ATP

• Cell does not need to store

excess energy

• As long as have phosphate,

have unlimited energy

• Energy is renewable in this case
• In a pinch, ADP can be used for

energy

aka Cellular Respiration

Introduction: Muscles are attached to bones. As your muscles contract they move the bones to which they are attached. This in turn allows your body to move and do work. Working your muscles requires energy. This energy is the result of cellular respiration and may lead to the build- up of lactic acid, which in turn causes fatigue. The muscles that open and close your hand are located in your forearm. The number of times you can open and close your hand indicates the amount of work these muscles can do

Trial # Ability to Do Work 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5 Minute Rest 11 12

Procedure: 1.Prepare a data table similar to the

• ne shown.

2.Rest your elbow on the table. Open and close your hand rapidly and forcefully, counting the number of times you can do this in 30 seconds. Record your results in the space provided. 3.Rest for 10 seconds. During this time, record your results. 4.Repeat steps 2 and 3 nine more

• times. Record each of your results in

the space provided. 5.Rest for five (5) minutes. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 two more times and record your results.

Analysis and Conclusion Questions

• 1. How did your results change over time?
• 2. What effect did repeating the exercise over time have on

the muscle group?

• 3. As you repeated the exercise over time, how did your

muscles feel?

• 4. What physiological factors are responsible for fatigue?
• 5. How well do you think your fatigued muscles would work

after 30 minutes of rest?

• 6. Apply this concept to some other type of muscular work

you do every day. Examples include tapping your foot to keep beat in band, lifting weights for football, or running for soccer.

General Overview

Glucose (C6H12O6) is a product of photosynthesis Glucose is a basic food for all living things Glucose contains so much energy, the cell would die if all the energy were released at one time

6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Sunlight Chlorophyll

Cellular respiration is the release of this energy a little bit at a time

General Overview

6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Energy

Produces 2 energy molecules

Glycolysis

Breaking of the glucose Occurs in the cytoplasm Converts the 6-carbon sugar into two 3-carbon compounds called pyruvates Anaerobic respiration (no oxygen) Glucose Glycolosis

Electron Transport Chain Kreb Cycle Aerobic Glucose Glycolosis Occurs in the mitochondria Produces lots of Energy Requires oxygen

Alcohol Lactic Acid Fermentation Anaerobic Glucose Glycolosis

No oxygen required Organisms in low O2 environments Organisms low on O2 Produces small amounts of energy

Alcohol Lactic Acid Electron Transport Chain Kreb Cycle Fermentation Aerobic Anaerobic Glucose Glycolosis

aka Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Comparison of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Chloroplast/Cytoplasm Mitochondria Food accumulated Food broken down Energy from light Energy from chemical bonds Stores energy Releases energy Reactants: CO2, H2O Reactants: Glucose and O2 Products: Glucose, O2 Products: CO2, H2O Only in presence of light Occurs day and night Requires chlorophyll Occurs in all living cells

Complementary processes Both reactions must occur for

• rganisms to

have usable energy